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151.
In 29 men and 27 women determinations of static lung volumes were performed by using a combined body plethysmographic and pneumotachographic technique. It is concluded that, except for FRC, earlier prediction equations given by Grimby &; Söderholm (5) in 1963 are still valid when the measurements are done using the present technique.  相似文献   
152.
Abstract

To investigate the chronic low-level environmental cadmium and zinc exposure of Chinese women and find the relationships between these parameters and hypertension, 58 women without histories of smoking and occupational exposure were conducted into this cross-section study and divided into three groups: Group I: 24 normal healthy, Group II: 24 untreated essential hypertension, and Group HI: 10 untreated nonessential hypertension women. The serum cadmium and daily urinary cadmium excretion of Group II (1.69 ± 0.92 μg/L; 2.43 ± 1.93 μg/d) were significantly higher than those of Group I (0.88 ± 0.92 μg/L; 1.07 ± 1.45 μg/d) as well as Group HI (0.92 ± 0.91 μg/L; 0.19 ± 0.23 μg/d). The ratio of urinary zinc (fig)/urinary creatinine (g) of Group II (865.99 ± 460.54 μg/g) was higher than that of Group I (622.39 ± 250.96 μg/g). The ratio of urinary cadmium concentrations (μg)/ urinary creatinine (g) of all healthy Chinese women was 1.30 ± 1.67 which is higher than that of other nations in the world except Japanese. After adjusting age and body mass index, we found mean arterial pressure positively correlated with serum cadmium in all subjects (p – 0.0058). The mean arterial pressure also positively correlated with serum cadmium (p = 0.0017) as well as daily urinary cadmium excretion (p = 0.0088) in all women except the nonessential group. Both the ratios of urinary zinc (μg)/urinary creatinine (g) (p = 0.0165) and urinary cadmium (μg) I urinary creatinine (g) positively (p = 0.0246) related to mean arterial pressure in women of Group I and II. The results of our study indicate that environmental chronic low-level cadmium exposure may play a role in the essential hypertension in Chinese women. In addition, zinc, like cadmium, may be associated with essential hypertension of human.  相似文献   
153.
Abstract

A Humboldt penguin chick presented with dyspnoea. Radiographs showed opacities on the lungs and radio-opaque material within the ventriculus. A ventriculotomy was performed to remove the opacities (which were pebbles) and nutritional, medical and supportive nursing care was provided. Despite recovering well, the chick presented dyspnoeic again a few weeks later. With diagnostic testing indicative of chronic aspergillosis, the chick was given a poor prognosis, and the decision was made to euthanise. This case study highlights the nursing steps taken and the possible mitigations that could be applied in the future to improve outcomes.  相似文献   
154.
The aims of this study were to adapt the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI) into Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and to assess the psychometric properties of the adapted version. Construct validity was assessed by correlating the BIQLI‐BP scores with the Rosenberg's Self‐Esteem Scale, with Burns Specific Health Scale—Revised (BSHS‐R), and with gender, total body surface area burned, and visibility of the scars. Participants were 77 adult burn patients. Cronbach's alpha for the adapted version was .90 and moderate linear correlations were found between body image and self‐esteem and between BIQLI‐BP scores and two domains of the BSHS‐R: affect and body image and interpersonal relationships. The BIQLI‐BP showed acceptable levels of reliability and validity for Brazilian burn patients. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36:299–310, 2013  相似文献   
155.
Neuronal development is known to be a dynamic process that can be modulated by presenting guidance cues to neuronal cells. We show that ultrasound, when applied at pulsed settings and with intensities slightly greater than clinical diagnosis levels, can potentially act as a repulsive cue for modulating neuronal growth dynamics. Using differentiated Neuro-2a cells as the model, we have examined in vitro how neuronal development can change during and after exposure to 1-MHz ultrasound for different acoustic settings. Neurite retraction and cell body shrinkage were found in neuronal cells over a 10-min exposure period with 1.168 W/cm2 spatial-peak, time-averaged intensity (based on 0.84 MPa peak acoustic pressure, 100-cycle pulse duration, and 500-Hz pulse repetition frequency). These effects were found to result in instances of neuronal cell body displacement. The extent of the effects was dependent on acoustic intensity, with peak acoustic pressure being a more important contributing factor compared with pulse duration. The morphological changes were found to be non-destructive, in that post-exposure neurite outgrowth and neuritogenesis were respectively observed in neurite-bearing and neurite-less neuronal cells. Our results also showed that mechanotransduction might be involved in mediating ultrasound-neuron interactions, as the morphological changes were suppressed if stretch-activated ion channels were blocked or if calcium messenger ions were chelated. Overall, these findings suggest that ultrasound can potentially influence how neuronal cells develop through modifying their cytomechanical characteristics.  相似文献   
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159.
Background. Several studies have investigated associations between the -174G>C single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene and phenotypes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but presented inconsistent results.

Aims. This joint analysis aimed to clarify whether IL6 -174G>C was associated with glucose and circulating interleukin-6 concentrations as well as body mass index (BMI).

Methods. Individual-level data from all studies of the IL6-T2DM consortium on Caucasian subjects with available BMI were collected. As study-specific estimates did not show heterogeneity (P>0.1), they were combined by using the inverse-variance fixed-effect model.

Results. The main analysis included 9440, 7398, 24,117, or 5659 non-diabetic and manifest T2DM subjects for fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, BMI, or circulating interleukin-6 levels, respectively. IL6 -174 C-allele carriers had significantly lower fasting glucose (?0.091 mmol/L, P=0.014). There was no evidence for association between IL6 -174G>C and BMI or interleukin-6 levels, except in some subgroups.

Conclusions. Our data suggest that C-allele carriers of the IL6 -174G>C polymorphism have lower fasting glucose levels on average, which substantiates previous findings of decreased T2DM risk of these subjects.  相似文献   
160.
《Annals of medicine》2013,45(1):97-102
Aims. To investigate the relationship of body mass index and serum adipokines with incidence of diabetes in men. Material and methods. Ten-year cohort study of a random population sample of 1011 men aged 35–69 years from the MONICA-Catalonia survey (1986–1988). WHO-MONICA protocol and the US Hispanic NHANES diabetes questionnaire were applied. Fasting serum glucose and lipids were measured by enzymatic methods, adipokines and insulin by Luminex xMAP technology,and hs-CRP by nephelometry in stored baseline samples (–80°C). Type2 diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥?7.0 mmol/L or diagnosed diabetes. Incident diabetes was defined as absence of these criteria at baseline but presence at re-examination. Cox regression analysis was used. Results. Incidence of diabetes (n =?85) was 10.3/1000 person-years, increasing significantly with BMI but decreasing by quartiles of adiponectin. Incidence increased above median BMI and glucose (45.3/1000 person-years, OR =?19.97). Log-adiponectin associated with reduced risk of diabetes after multivariate adjustment (HR =?0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.72), with significant modification of this effect by baseline glycaemia. C-reactive protein was not a significant factor. Leptin lost strength when adjusted for BMI. Conclusions. In a population with relatively high diabetes incidence, BMI and glucose were strong risk factors, while adiponectin protected against diabetes, especially in men with high glycaemic level.  相似文献   
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