Thoracoscopic Retrieval of Foreign Bodies After Penetrating Chest Trauma

Video-assisted thoracic surgery or thoracoscopy has proved to be valuable in many settings in thoracic surgery. The use of video-assisted thoracic surgery in trauma has been limited, especially with respect to penetrating trauma. We report the use of thoracoscopy to remove intrathoracic fragments of glass and avert the need for a thoracotomy.     

Voluntary head stabilization in space during oscillatory trunk movements in the frontal plane performed in weightlessness

 The ability voluntarily to stabilize the head in space during lateral rhythmic oscillations (0.59±0.09 Hz) of the trunk has been investigated during microgravity (μG) and normal gravity (nG) conditions (parabolic flights). Five healthy young subjects, who gave informed consent, were examined. The movements were performed with eyes open or eyes closed, during phases of either μG or nG. The main result was that head orientation with respect to vertical may be stabilized about the roll axis under μG with, as well as without vision, despite the reduction in vestibular afferent and muscle proprioceptive inputs. Moreover, the absence of head stabilization about the yaw axis confirms that the degrees of freedom of the neck can be independently controlled, as was previously reported. These results seem to indicate that voluntary head stabilization does not depend crucially upon static vestibular afferents. Head stabilization in space may in fact be organized on the basis of either dynamic vestibular afferents or a short-term memorized postural body schema. Received: 4 October 1995 / Accepted: 30 September 1996     

利用生物电阻抗测量人体脂肪的研究

本文根据瘦体组织电传导远比脂肪组织强的原理，研制了人体脂肪分析仪（ＢＦＡ），采用４个电极，引出无痛信号（８００μＡ、５０ｋＨｚ）进入人体，测试电阻抗（Ｚ），编入计算机软件，运算人体脂肪量。选择３０名１８～２０岁男性青年进行测量条件试验，得出食后半小时，上午、下午检测均可，喝少量水（少于５００ｍｌ）对测量无明显影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。另选５２名受试者（男９，女４３）年龄１９～６５岁，对用ＢＦＡ测量的Ｚ、体脂百分比（％ＢＦ）和用美国ＢＣ一３００人体成分分析仪测量的电阻（Ｒ）、％ＢＦ进行了相关分析，ｒ值分别为０．９９５（Ｓ（ｙ．ｘ））＝７．９７，Ｐ＜０．０１）和０．９９６（Ｓ（ｙ．ｘ））＝０．６１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。最后，用ＢＦＡ对７９名健康人（男２２，女５７）、年龄３９．０±１１．８岁、身高１６３±７．０ｃｍ、体重６３．１±１０．２ｋｇ测量体脂，男性体脂２２．５±９．２％，女性体脂３４．７±７．２％，用体脂判断肥胖比用体重判断肥胖发生率高，特别是女人、中老年人更明显。     

Insults to the body civil: Mistreatment of elderly in two Plains Indian tribes

The mistreatment of elderly is subject to various social constructions. On two geographically distinct Plains Indian Reservations which we call Lone Mountain and Abundant Lands, the abuse or neglect of elderly is construed as a health problem which is a dysfunction of the community as a whole. Both physical abuse and neglect are more common on the Lone Mountain Reservation, occurring in association with other indicators of community disorganization such as unemployment and substance abuse. On the Abundant Lands Reservation physical abuse was categorically denied and what neglect existed appeared to be a function of role strain, geographic dispersal, climate and terrain. We attribute differences in the prevalence of mistreatment of elders to variations in economic opportunities for younger residents. Examining the historical and present contexts of intergenerational relationships on the reservations, we discuss the implications of this study for social exchange theory and policy applications.This research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America AppliedThis research was supported by the Gerontological Society of America Applied     

低剂量γ射线全身照射对猴免疫功能的影响

目的　探索大动物低剂量全身照射的适宜剂量 ,以便评价低剂量全身照射应用于临床的可能性。方法　食蟹猴 32只随机分为 4组 ,用γ射线 (吸收剂量率为 0 175mGy min)分别照射0、30、5 0和 75mGy。分别在环磷酰胺处理前、后 ,亦即照射前和照射后 1、2、8、33和 5 0周检测淋巴细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白及自然肿瘤红细胞花环试验 (NTERT)。结果　结果显示白细胞释放细胞因子尤其是CD1 6 参与免疫调控 ,出现时间 剂量的反应 ;体液免疫中以IgA升高为特征 ,照射后第 8周 5 0和75mGy 2个剂量组与对照组相比差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;NTERT结果显示 ,在照射后第 2周 ,第 1、2、3组分别与第 4组相比差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但第 1组分别与第 2、3组相比差异无显著性。结论　γ射线单次低剂量全身照射对免疫功能低下模型的食蟹猴红、白细胞免疫功能有增强其免疫功能的作用。     

中央沟上段及其邻近沟回的体表定位及其临床意义

目的：探讨在MRI和CT图像上观测中央沟上段及其邻近沟回的特征，进行精确体表定位。方法：30例成人头颅和扫描无颅恼器质性病变10份CT，100份MRI片，在头颅正中欠状面上观测头颅外形和平行于耳眦线平而以上100mm内的前后正巾线的中点及中垂线。在横位图像上观测中央沟上段及其邻近沟回的特征和二维坐标参数。结果：成人头颅近似标准球形。住82％头颅卜平行耳眦线平面的正中点的的投影在垂直耳眦线过外耳道的直线卜，另外18％偏离基线面中垂线小于7mm。上段中央沟在耳眦线平面上70～95mm。84％额上沟与中央前沟相交呈倒T字征，交点住前后中线旁24～27mm，耳眦线平面的中垂线前2～6mm。中央沟上段起点前后中线旁1～15mm，耳眦线平而的中垂线后12～28mm，手结征98％。中央后沟在中央沟之后8～13mm与其平行。结论：每人上段中央沟及其邻近沟回的特征能被MRI精确体表定位。     

中药结合心理干预治疗不安障碍40例

[目的]探索不安障碍治疗的有效途径。[方法]采用中药结合心理干预治疗不安障碍患者40例。[结果]显效31例(77·5%)、有效7例(17·5%)无效2例(5·0%)。SDS、CMI有显著性差异。[结论]中药结合心理干预治疗不安障碍疗效显著。     

Assessment of body composition in the prader-willi syndrome using bioelectrical impedance

The accurate assessment of body composition is of importance in the Prader-Willi syndrome. Many techniques are not applicable due to ethical or practical reasons. However, the bioelectrical impedance technique is a rapid, painless, noninvasive method of estimating total body water and hence, fat-free mass in obese children and adolescents. We have compared estimates of total body water derived from bioelectrical impedance with actual measurements taken, using H₂¹⁸O dilution, in 14 children with Prader-Willi syndrome. Existing equations for predicting total body water from impedance showed a bias to underestimate actual measures of body water. There were positive correlations between the degree of underestimation with age and body fatness. It is possible that changes in body shapes influence bioelectrical impedance measurements in obese individuals, and that a prediction equation based upon a normal population will not be applicable to obese individuals. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Patients seeking symmetrical recontouring for “Perceived” deformities in the width of the face and skull

This article describes plastic surgery patients who sought symmetrical recontouring of the width of the face and skull. The basic demographic and personality characteristics of these facial width deformity (FWD) patients and the surgical procedures performed on them are discussed. Details of the surgical and psychological management of three representative cases are given. Speculative conclusions regarding the general characteristics of the FWD population are offered. Suggestions are proposed for a combined surgical-medical psychotherapeutic collaboration in managing these patients.     

Osteoporosis and Back Pain among the Elderly

Questionnaire responses from 120 men and 337 women over the age of 50 years were studied to determine the prevalence of back pain among the elderly. In order to gain a rough indication of the back pain among elderly women which might be due to osteoporosis, the prevalence was compared in the two sexes. The prevalence of back pain without radiation to the legs and concomitant morbidity was found to be similar among men and women up to the 70–79-year age-group. After this age the prevalence was higher in women. Those with exceptional loss of body height or kyphosis had a high prevalence of back pain, while those who had sustained previous hip or radius fractures did not. There was increasing prevalence of back pain among women with increasing number of previous fractures. The study gives little indication of serious morbidity of osteoporosis in the form of back pain before very old age.