儿童扁桃体及腺样体术前表面细菌培养结果与术后发热相关性分析

目的:分析因阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)而需要行手术的患儿,术前腺样体及扁桃体表面的细菌培养结果与术后发热的关系.方法:随机抽取诊断为OSAHS并拟行腺样体及扁桃体手术的患儿60例,于术前采用咽拭子法,取扁桃体、腺样体表面分泌物进行细菌培养,采用低温等离子消融系统实施腺样体切除+扁桃体部分切除手术,观察并记录其术后体温的变化.将术前细菌培养阳性组与阴性组患者术后发热情况进行比较.结果:细菌培养结果以正常菌群为主,扁桃体及腺样体检出率分别为96.7％(58/60例)及78.3％(47/60例);条件致病菌以金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌为主,其在扁桃体的检出率分别为28.3％(17/60例)和11.7％(7/60例),在腺样体的检出率分别为26.7％(16/60例)和16.7％(10/60例);术前细菌培养阳性组与阴性组比较,两组术后发热率差异无统计学意义(P=0.052).结论:儿童扁桃体及腺样体术前细菌培养阳性与术后发热无关.     

26例登革热患者的临床观察与护理

登革热是登革病毒引起的一种急性传染病,多发生于6～11月份,临床特点为突起发热,全身肌肉、骨、关节痛,极度疲乏,皮疹,部分患者可有淋巴结肿大及白细胞减少。登革热目前尚无特效治疗药物,主要以对症支持治疗为主,因此护理工作显得尤为重要。2009年9月初,义乌市突发登革热疫情。义乌市中心医院作为义乌市登革热防治定点医院,在2009年9月9-24日共收治登革热患者26例,取得较好的疗效。     

Attitudes and Beliefs of Pig Farmers and Wild Boar Hunters Towards Reporting of African Swine Fever in Bulgaria,Germany and the Western Part of the Russian Federation

This study investigated the attitudes and beliefs of pig farmers and hunters in Germany, Bulgaria and the western part of the Russian Federation towards reporting suspected cases of African swine fever (ASF). Data were collected using a web‐based questionnaire survey targeting pig farmers and hunters in these three study areas. Separate multivariable logistic regression models identified key variables associated with each of the three binary outcome variables whether or not farmers would immediately report suspected cases of ASF, whether or not hunters would submit samples from hunted wild boar for diagnostic testing and whether or not hunters would report wild boar carcasses. The results showed that farmers who would not immediately report suspected cases of ASF are more likely to believe that their reputation in the local community would be adversely affected if they were to report it, that they can control the outbreak themselves without the involvement of veterinary services and that laboratory confirmation would take too long. The modelling also indicated that hunters who did not usually submit samples of their harvested wild boar for ASF diagnosis, and hunters who did not report wild boar carcasses are more likely to justify their behaviour through a lack of awareness of the possibility of reporting. These findings emphasize the need to develop more effective communication strategies targeted at pig farmers and hunters about the disease, its epidemiology, consequences and control methods, to increase the likelihood of early reporting, especially in the Russian Federation where the virus circulates.     

Phylogeographic Reconstructions of a Rift Valley Fever Virus Strain Reveals Transboundary Animal Movements from Eastern Continental Africa to the Union of the Comoros

Major explosive outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF), an arthropod borne zoonotic disease, occur in humans and animals with significant mortality and economic impact across continental Africa and the Indian Ocean region (Madagascar, the Comoros archipelago). Recently, sporadic human cases have been reported in Mayotte and Grande Comore, two islands belonging to the Comoros archipelago. To identify the hypothetical source of virus introduction in an inter‐epidemic or a post‐epidemic period, a longitudinal survey of livestock was set up in Comorian ruminant populations, known to be susceptible hosts. The phylogeographic genomic analysis has shown that RVF virus (RVFV) detected in a zebu collected in Anjouan in August 2011 seems to be related to the last known epidemic of RVF which occurred in East Africa and Madagascar (2007–2009). This result highlights the fact that RVFV is maintained within local livestock populations and transboundary animal movements from eastern continental Africa to Indian Ocean islands likely result in RVFV crossover.     

Evaluation of Oral Bait Vaccine Efficacy Against Classical Swine Fever in Village Backyard Pig Farms in Bhutan

Control and eradication of classical swine fever (CSF) in countries with a high proportion of backyard holdings is a challenge. Conventional attenuated Chinese C‐strain vaccines, though safe and effective, are difficult to use in backyard farms due to various practical reasons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the CSF oral bait vaccine in village backyard pig farms and to assess the farmers' knowledge on CSF and motivation on using oral vaccines. The pigs were fed the bait by the farmers themselves; one bait was given on day 0, followed by second bait on the next day. Seventy‐three per cent (140 of 193 pigs) of vaccinated pigs had either a slight (2‐fold–3‐fold; 60 pigs) or significant (at least 4‐fold; 80 pigs) increase of the antibody titre against CSFV. A significant increase of the antibody titres was mainly observed in pigs with no pre‐vaccination titre (OR = 12, 95% CI = 4–40). The number of pigs with protective antibody titres (≥40) rose from 47 (24%) to 115 (60%) following vaccination. Only 30% of the farmers claimed to be familiar with CSF, although clinical signs they mentioned were rather unspecific and could relate to many other pig diseases. Most of the farmers claimed to be motivated to use oral vaccines if made available. The oral vaccine could be a substitute for the conventional attenuated CSF vaccines in areas where it is logistically difficult for veterinarians to visit. It may therefore be a useful tool to combat endemic CSF disease in regions where the disease continues to have a serious impact on the backyard farmers who depend on pig farming for their sustenance and livelihoods.     

静脉输注右美托咪定对硬膜外分娩镇痛相关产时发热的影响

目的 探讨静脉输注右美托咪定预防硬膜外分娩镇痛相关产时发热的疗效及安全性。 方法 选择单胎、足月、头位妊娠初产妇192例,随机分为右美托咪定组（D组）97例和对照组（C组）95例。D组实施硬膜外分娩镇痛后,静脉输注右美托咪定0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1直至宫口开全;C组实施硬膜外分娩镇痛后,给予等量生理盐水静脉输注直至宫口开全。测量两组产妇镇痛前、镇痛后1,2,3,4 h、分娩时的鼓膜温度、产时发热率、疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）和Ramsay镇静评分。分别测定两组产妇镇痛前、分娩时的血清白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和IL-1β水平。记录两组产妇分娩镇痛药量、分娩镇痛时间、产程、分娩方式、催产素用量、产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分、脐动脉血乳酸值、不良反应等。 结果 镇痛后两组产妇鼓膜温度较镇痛前升高,D组产妇镇痛后4 h、分娩时鼓膜温度较C组低（P＜0.05）。D组产妇分娩时产时发热率较C组低（P＜0.05）。两组产妇镇痛后Ramsay镇静评分较镇痛前升高,D组产妇镇痛后4 h、分娩时Ramsay镇静评分较C组高（P＜0.05）。两组产妇镇痛后VAS评分显著低于镇痛前（P＜0.05）。两组产妇分娩时血清IL-1β、IL-6水平均较镇痛前升高,D组产妇分娩时血清IL-6水平较C组低（P＜0.05）。D组产妇分娩镇痛药量和尿潴留发生率较C组少（P＜0.05）。两组产妇同一时点VAS评分、分娩镇痛时间、产程、分娩方式、催产素用量、产后出血量、新生儿Apgar评分、脐动脉血乳酸值等指标差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 硬膜外分娩镇痛下静脉输注右美托咪定安全性良好。右美托咪定可降低产妇血清IL-6水平,减少分娩镇痛药量,缓解硬膜外分娩镇痛相关产时发热。     

王晓燕教授分时间论治内伤杂病经验总结

文章总结王晓燕教授分时间论治失眠、头痛、发热的临床经验,从理论总结到典型病案举例,充分阐明王晓燕教授对分时间论治内伤杂病的认识,说明分时间论治疾病的有效性,扩展临床辨证思维,以进一步学习与研究。     

发热伴血小板减少综合征患者病死率 及临床特征的Meta 分析

目的 对文献报道的发热伴血小板减少综合征（SFTS）患者的病死率和临床特征进行Meta 分析。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、CMB、CNKI 和VIP 数据库。选择报告SFTS 临 床特征的无对照观察性研究,摘录有关的信息,使用STATA 11 软件对所选定的数据进行合并。结果 中国地 区21 篇文献共4 320 例,韩国地区3 篇文献共262 例实验室确诊为SFTS 的患者被纳入Meta 分析。中国地区 SFTS 患者合并病死率为16.6%（95% CI ：0.155,0.177）;韩国地区SFTS 患者合并病死率为28.8%（95% CI ： 0.104,0.471）。中国地区SFTS 患者各临床表现的合并阳性率为发热81%（95% CI ：0.680,0.941）、乏力81.3% （95% CI ：0.754,0.872）、血小板减少82.9%（95% CI ：0.713,0.945）、白细胞减少84.9%（95% CI ：0.808, 0.891）、恶心54.2%（95% CI ：0.467,0.617）、厌食77.2%（95% CI ：0.690,0.854）及出血性表现 13.8%（95 CI ： 0.103,0.172）;韩国地区SFTS 患者各临床表现的合并阳性率为发热87.7%（95% CI ：0.810,0.945）、乏力 55.2%（95% CI ：0.180,0.923）、血小板减少88.5%（95% CI ：0.819,0.950）、白细胞减少90.1%（95% CI ： 0.840,0.963）、腹泻50.9%（95% CI：0.285,0.733）及出血性表现23.4%（95% CI：0.041,0.426）。结论 发热、 乏力、血小板减少及白细胞减少为所有SFTS 患者的共同临床表现,中国地区SFTS 患者的胃肠道症状以恶心 及厌食为主要表现,而韩国地区主要以腹泻为主。     

苏州市初治菌阴肺结核患者就诊延迟现况及临床特征

目的 分析初治菌阴肺结核患者就诊延迟现况及临床特征,为制定有效措施提供科学依据。方法 应用横断面研究,收集苏州市5家结核病定点医院初治菌阴肺结核患者人口学、经济来源、生活方式、结核病知识、主要病史及进入结核病定点医院前发病和就诊等临床资料,采用Logistic回归方法进行统计分析。结果 379例初治菌阴肺结核患者就诊延迟186例,就诊延迟率为49.08%。老年人(OR=1.898,95% CI=1.157~3.112,P=0.011)、日工作时间大于8 h(OR=1.774,95% CI=1.014~3.102, P=0.044)、流动人口(OR=3.252; 95% CI=1.807~5.855, P<0.001)和发热(OR= 2.061,95% CI=1.021~4.160,P=0.043)是初治菌阴肺结核患者发生就诊延迟的危险特征,而咯血(OR= 0.356, 95% CI= 0.164~0.773,P=0.009)是就诊延迟的保护特征。结论 初治菌阴肺结核患者就诊延迟现象较严重,需对不同临床特征的患者采取综合干预措施,减少就诊延迟发生。     

清热养阴法治疗癌性发热患者40例临床研究

目的探讨清热养阴法为主的中医治疗在晚期癌性发热患者中的疗效。方法选择晚期肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、肾癌患者共40例，采用自拟清热养阴退热方，每天1剂，连服7天，观察比较用药前后患者发热及主要临床症状和生活质量的改善情况，并进行辨证分型。结果全部40例患者中，有效36例，有效率为90％，患者卡氏评分有显著改善。结论清热养阴法为主的中医治疗对晚期癌性发热患者具有较好的疗效，可在临床上推广应用。