茵栀黄口服液对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症大鼠肝损伤的治疗作用

摘 要 目的： 探讨茵栀黄口服液对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症大鼠肝脏损伤的治疗作用。方法: 取妊娠期大鼠48只,随机分成正常对照组,模型对照组,阳性对照组,茵栀黄口服液高、中、低剂量组。从妊娠期第12天开始肌内注射苯甲酸雌二醇2.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,连续1周,同时按剂量灌胃给药。检测大鼠血清谷胱甘肽 S转移酶(GST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平;并比较各组大鼠肝脏组织病理变化。结果: 与模型对照组比较,茵栀黄口服液高、中、低剂量均可显著降低大鼠血清中GST、AST、ALT水平（P<0.01或0.05）;并可显著缓解大鼠胆汁淤积状态下的肝损伤。结论: 茵栀黄口服液对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症所导致的肝损伤有一定的治疗作用,具有较好的临床价值。     

Understanding the Influence of Nanocarrier-Mediated Brain Delivery on Therapeutic Performance Through Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling

This study aimed at evaluating how encapsulation in a regular nanocarrier (NC) (providing extended circulation time) or in a brain-targeting NC (providing prolonged circulation time and increased brain uptake) may influence the therapeutic index compared with the unformulated drug and to explore the key parameters affecting therapeutic performance using a model-based approach. Pharmacokinetic (PK) models were built with chosen PK parameters. For a scenario where central effect depends on area under the unbound brain concentration curve and peripheral toxicity relates to peak unbound plasma concentration, dose-effect and drug-side effect curves were constructed, and the therapeutic index was evaluated. Regular NC improved the therapeutic index compared with the unformulated drug due to reduced peripheral toxicity, while brain-targeting NC enhanced the therapeutic index by lowering peripheral toxicity and increasing central effect. Decreasing drug release rate or systemic clearance of NC with drug still encapsulated could increase the therapeutic index. Also, a drug with shorter half-life would therapeutically benefit more from a NC encapsulation. This work provides insights into how a NC for brain delivery should be optimized to maximize the therapeutic performance and is helpful to predict if and to what extent a drug with certain PK properties would obtain therapeutic benefit from nanoencapsulation.     

再次肝移植手术临床病例分析:附六例

目的 探讨影响再次肝移植预后的因素及再次移植手术问题.方法 回顾性总结2000年7月至2006年4月北京大学第三医院完成的6例再次肝移植病例临床资料,分析再次肝移植的原因、手术方法及病人转归.结果 6例再次肝移植的原因中:移植肝肝癌复发1例,乙型肝炎复发1例,慢性排斥反应2例,肝动脉血栓形成1例,药物性肝损害1例;再次肝移植时间距第一次肝移植平均(12.9±10.0)个月;术中出血平均(14 050±8 215)m1;平均手术时间(12.7±2.0)h.围手术期死亡3例.结论 再次肝移植病人术前一般情况差,手术风险大,正确把握手术时机及手术适应证,术中精细操作,减少出血,手术后采取个体化免疫抑制剂治疗方案等是提高再次肝移植病人存活率的关键因素.     

孕前BMI及孕期BMI增加对妊娠并发症及新生儿出生体重的影响

目的 探讨孕前BMI及孕期BMI增长（BMI△）对妊娠结局及新生儿出生体重的影响.方法 观察1530例舟山市妇幼保健院进行围产保健的孕产妇孕前BMI及孕期BMI△不同组别妊娠结局、新生儿出生体重的差异.结果 超重肥胖组及孕期BMI△≥6 kg/m2时妊娠并发症、剖宫产、新生儿出生体重、巨大儿发生率均高于均衡组及4 kg/m2≤BMI△＜6 kg/m2组（P＜0.05）,消瘦组及BMI△＜4 kg/m2组低体重儿发生率高于均衡组及4 kg/m2≤BMI△＜6kg/m2组（P＜0.05）.结论 孕前BMI及孕期BMI△与妊娠并发症及新生儿出生体重存在直接关系,要重视孕期体重增加的情况,控制在适宜的范围内.     

QQ群平台在孕妇孕期管理的效果探索

目的探索QQ群平台对孕妇孕期管理的效果;方法选择2010年1～3月在我院门诊建卡孕妇368名,随机分为两组,实验组184人,对照组184人;通过对孕期的检查次数、孕期营养的掌握、孕期并发症的发生率、掌握最佳的入院时机方面进行比较。结果两组的各项数据具有显著性差异。     

改进术前访视对减轻手术患者焦虑的调查及分析

目的探讨手术室护士术前访视内容的改进对缓解手术患者焦虑的影响。方法改进术前访视的内容,由以往的术前访视只看病历、了解手术方式、观察患者并了解全身情况及血管情况,改进为在原有基础上手术室巡回护士面对面地向手术患者自我介绍手术室的工作、环境、术前注意事项,并回答患者的问题。同时,采用焦虑自评量表测量焦虑值;并测量患者入院时、手术前的血压和心率,比较其差异。结果改进访视组患者的焦虑值明显低于访视组(P<0.05);入手术室时改进访视组患者的血压、心率与访视组患者的血压、心率有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论改进术前访视是一项重要心理指导,可以明显降低手术患者的焦虑水平,突出以患者为中心的护理理念,有效提高围术期医疗质量。     

围孕期患病及心理状态与婴儿出生缺陷的关系

目的 了解陕西省出生缺陷患病水平及其主要危险因素,分析母亲围孕期患病及其心理状态与出生缺陷患病的关系。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法调查陕西省30个区（县）2010年1月至2013年11月怀孕且明确结局的育龄妇女及婴幼儿。采用多阶段复杂抽样logistic回归分析孕期患病及心理状态和出生缺陷的关系。结果 陕西省出生缺陷患病率为195.04/万。在29 121例调查对象中,围孕期患病者占51.1%,围孕期发生心理状态改变者占6.8%。控制混杂后,围孕期患感冒（OR=1.33,95% CI：1.10~1.61）、发热（OR=1.54,95% CI：1.09~2.16）、肝内胆汁淤积症（OR=32.77,95% CI：4.08~263.04）等疾病及存在情绪低落、烦躁易怒、焦虑等精神状态（OR=1.60,95% CI：1.19~2.15）及家庭关系不和（OR=2.07,95% CI：1.12~3.79）等心理因素与出生缺陷的发生有关。对各时期（孕前及孕早中晚期）患病分析发现：孕早期患感冒（OR=1.59,95% CI：1.28~1.98）、孕早期发热（OR=1.43,95% CI：1.48~4.00）、孕中期情绪不良（OR=1.52,95% CI：1.05~2.19）、孕晚期情绪不良（OR=1.63,95% CI：1.05~2.19）、孕晚期关系不和（OR=2.89,95% CI：1.16~7.20）与出生缺陷相关。对患病频率分析发现：4个时期只有1个时期患感冒（OR=1.24,95% CI：1.02~1.52）、有2个时期患感冒（OR=2.06,95% CI：1.30~3.26）、1个时期有发热（OR=1.49,95% CI：1.04~2.13）、1个时期存在情绪不良（OR=1.71,95% CI：1.19~2.45）、1个时期关系不和（OR=2.67,95% CI：1.32~5.39）与出生缺陷相关。结论 陕西省出生缺陷患病率处于较高水平,围孕期感冒、发热、情绪问题及关系不和可能增加出生缺陷的罹患风险。     

The relationship between vascular wall shear stress and flow-mediated dilation: endothelial function assessed by phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography

OBJECTIVES

We sought: 1) to investigate the relationship between vascular wall shear stress and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in humans, and 2) to investigate whether this relationship could explain why FMD is greater in small arteries.

BACKGROUND

Arterial wall shear stress (WSS) is considered to be the primary stimulus for the endothelial-dependent FMD response. However, the relationship between WSS and FMD has not been investigated in humans. Furthermore, FMD is greater in small arteries, though the reasons for this phenomenon are unclear.

METHODS

Using phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (PMRCA), we measured hyperemic WSS and FMD in 18 healthy volunteers. Peak systolic WSS was calculated assuming a blunted parabolic velocity profile. Diameter by PCMRA and by ultrasound was compared in nine subjects.

RESULTS

Flow-mediated dilation was linearly proportional to hyperemic peak systolic WSS (r = 0.79, P = 0.0001). Flow-mediated dilation was inversely related to baseline diameter (r = 0.62, P = 0.006), but the hyperemic peak WSS stimulus was also inversely related to baseline diameter (r = 0.47, P = 0.049). Phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography and ultrasound diameters were compared in nine subjects and correlated well (r = 0.84, p < 0.0001), but diameter by PCMRA was greater (4.1 ± 0.7 mm vs. 3.7 ± 0.5 mm, P = 0.009).

CONCLUSIONS

Arterial FMD is linearly proportional to peak hyperemic WSS in normal subjects. Thus, the endothelial response is linearly proportional to the stimulus. Furthermore, the greater FMD response in small arteries is accounted for, at least partially, by a greater hyperemic WSS stimulus in small arteries. By allowing the calculation of vascular WSS, which is the stimulus for FMD, and by imaging a fixed arterial cross-section, thus reducing operator dependence, PCMRA enhances the assessment of vascular endothelial function.     

老年人全麻手术期间中心体温的观察及护理

目的探讨老年人全麻手术期间中心体温的变化规律及护理措施。方法选择符合美国麻醉医师协会分级（american society of anesthesiologists,ASA）Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期行中上腹部手术的老年患者100例。随机分成两组,全麻复合硬膜外组（A组）和单纯全麻组（B组）,以食管温度代表中心体温,记录麻醉诱导前（T0）、诱导后10（T10）、30（T30）、60（T60）、90（T90）、120（T120）min及手术结束（Tend）各个时间点的食管温度。结果麻醉诱导后两组的中心体温均有不同程度的下降,A组在诱导30min后的各个时间点体温下降幅度比B组大,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论老年人全麻复合硬膜外阻滞期间更容易导致低体温,术中应做好保温、保暖护理,以保证老年患者全麻手术期间的安全。