两款糖化血红蛋白床旁分析仪的正确性评价

目的借助二级参考测量程序(SRMP),探讨两款床旁(point-of-care testing,POCT)糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)分析仪的正确性。方法依据美国临床和实验室标准化协会(CLSI)Ep9-A2选取40份临床EDTA抗凝静脉全血样本,用比对的方式,分别评价两款POCT HbA1c分析仪与SRMP间的偏倚。结果POCT-1和POCT-2相关方程分别为,Y=1.0424X-0.3144和Y=1.0054X-0.2242相关系数(r)分别为0.9959和0.9469。临床各诊断切点处,偏倚小于美国国家糖化血红蛋白标准化计划(NGSP)和美国病理家协会(CAP)的要求(±6%)。结论两款POCTHbA1c分析仪与溯源到IFCC参考方法的SRMP比对具有良好的正确性,可以满足临床使用。     

南京市城区居民家庭人均收入与自我报告2型糖尿病关系

目的了解江苏省南京市城区居民以家庭人均收入为指标的社会经济状况与自我报告2型糖尿病之间的关系。方法采用横断面研究方法,于2011年8—9月对南京市4个城区的年满35岁并在当地居住满5年的9 446名常住居民进行调查。结局变量为调查对象自我报告的2型糖尿病,解释性变量为家庭人均收入(三等分)。结果南京市城区居民中自我报告2型糖尿病的患病率为8.2%(95%CI=7.59%~8.80%),存在明显的年龄分布差异,但性别间的分布差异无统计学意义。经多因素调整后,家庭人均收入与自我报告2型糖尿病的患病风险之间存在正向的剂量–反应关系,与低收入相比,中、高收入者患2型糖尿病的风险分别增加35%(OR=1.35,95%CI=1.06~1.74)和58%(OR=1.58,95%CI=1.23~2.02);年龄越大、高收入者患2型糖尿病的风险越大。结论家庭人均收入与南京市城区居民自我报告2型糖尿病存在密切的流行病学联系。     

Relationship between obesity, glucose tolerance, and periodontal disease in Japanese women: the Hisayama study

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported a relationship between obesity and periodontal disease. Obesity is the strongest risk factor for type 2 diabetes, which is, in turn, a risk factor for periodontal disease. An oral glucose tolerance test is necessary to diagnose diabetes; however, no study has examined the relationship between obesity and periodontal disease by taking oral glucose tolerance test results into consideration. METHODs: In all, 584 Japanese women aged between 40 and 79 years old, with at least 10 teeth, underwent health examinations. Body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat, and oral glucose tolerance test results were used as independent variables with known risk factors for periodontal disease. Mean probing pocket depth and mean attachment loss were used as the dependent variables. RESULTS: In all of the analyses, body mass index, body fat, and waist--hip ratio were significantly associated with the highest quintile of mean probing pocket depth, even when adjusted for oral glucose tolerance test results. In the multivariate analysis, the subjects with the highest quartile of body mass index had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for the highest quintile of mean probing pocket depth [OR, 4.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.1--8.9; p<0.001], whereas neither impaired glucose tolerance nor diabetes were significantly associated with deep pockets. The relationships between the obesity indexes and mean attachment loss did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Obesity was associated with deep pockets in Japanese women, even after adjusting for oral glucose tolerance test.     

The effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND, AIMS: This study was designed to explore the effect of periodontal therapy on glycemic control in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: 36 patients with type 2 DM (treatment group) received therapy for adult periodontitis during an 18-month period. A 36-person control group was randomly selected from the same population of persons with type 2 DM who did not receive periodontal treatment. RESULTS: These groups were well matched for most of the parameters investigated. During the nine-month observation period, there was a 6.7% improvement in glycemic control in the control group when compared to a 17.1% improvement in the treatment group, a statistically significant difference. Several parameters that could confound or moderate this glycemic control were explored. These included the treatment of non-dental infections, weight and medication changes. No moderating effect was associated with any of these variables. However, there were too few subjects in the study to have the statistical power necessary to assess these possible moderators of glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS: We interpret the data in the study to suggest that periodontal therapy was associated with improved glycemic control in persons with type 2 DM.     

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) induce oxidant stress in the gingiva: a potential mechanism underlying accelerated periodontal disease associated with diabetes

We hypothesized that one mechanism underlying advanced periodontal disease in diabetes may involve oxidant stress in the gingiva, induced by the effects of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs), the irreversible products of non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids which accumulate in diabetic plasma and tissue. Infusion of AGE albumin, a prototypic ligand, into mice resulted in increased generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) compared with infusion of non-glycated albumin in the gingiva, as well as in the lung, kidney and brain. Pretreatment of the animals with the antioxidants probucol or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented the generation of TBARS in the gingiva. Affinity-purified antibody to AGEs demonstrated increased immunoreactivity for AGEs in the vasculature and connective tissues of the gingiva in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice compared to non-diabetic controls. Increased immunoreactivity for AGEs was also demonstrated in the gingiva of diabetic humans compared with non-diabetic individuals via immuno-histochemistry and ELISA. Consistent with these data, immunohistochemistry for heme oxygenase-1, a marker of enhanced oxidant stress, was increased in the gingival vasculature of diabetic mice and humans compared with non-diabetic controls. These data suggest that AGEs present in diabetic gingiva may be associated with a state of enhanced oxidant stress, a potential mechanism for accelerated tissue injury.     

人体微生物组在辅助2型糖尿病诊疗中的潜在应用

人体微生物组是指人体体表及内部的微生物的遗传信息总和,与人类健康与疾病状态存在密切关系。口腔和肠道微生物是最具多样化的微生物群落,两者可以交互影响,在疾病发生发展过程中共同发挥作用,并可以实时反映机体的健康与疾病状态。2型糖尿病是由遗传和环境因素引起的代谢紊乱,最近的研究指出微生物与糖尿病存在关联。本文结合近期的研究进展,就2型糖尿病患者口腔微生物和肠道微生物的特征进行综述,有望为探索基于微生物组特征的2型糖尿病风险预测、诊断和预后预测的疾病模型的建立提供参考依据。     

白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂基因型与糖尿患者群中牙周炎的关系

目的:探讨白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂(interleukin-1 receptor antagonist,IL-1ra)基因型与2型糖尿患者群中牙周炎(periodontitis of diabetes mellitus,DMP)易感性的关系。方法:收集2型糖尿病患者186例,分为糖尿病伴牙周炎组108名和糖尿病不伴牙周炎组78名,取血提取DNA,采用序列特异引物多聚酶链反应(sequence specific primers polymerase chain reaction,SSP-PCR)法测定IL-1RN内含子2/VNTR位点的基因型,比较各基因型检出率的差别。结果:IL-1RN内含子2/VNTR等位基因A2在2型糖尿病伴牙周炎组的检出率显著高于2型糖尿病不伴牙周炎组,分布差异有显著性(χ2=3.579,P=0.040)。结论:在2型糖尿病患者中,IL-1RN内含子2/VNTR等位基因A2可能与牙周炎的遗传易感性相关。