Disruption of male reproductive tract development by administration of the xenoestrogen, nonylphenol, to male newborn rats

Nonylphenol (NP) treatment of neonatal male rat pups decreased the size of their testes, epididymis, seminal vesicle, and ventral prostate, and increased the frequency of cryptorchidism (60.7%, n=56 vs 0% in vehicle-treated control, n=58) when examined at 31 d of age. NP effects are dose-dependent. These effects were only seen when NP was given at ≥0.8 mg/kg daily for 15 d. There is a critical period of vulnerability to NP during male reproductive development in the neonatal stage. Changes were found when NPs were given to male pups before 13 d of age, but not when given at ≥13 d of age. NP acts on the male reproductive tissues through the estrogen receptor (ER), since concomitant treatment with ICI 182,780, a specific ER antagonist, blocked NP’s effects on the testis and male accessory organs. NP-treated males in the neonatal period had greatly reduced their subsequent capacity to impregnate young fertile females. Our results suggest that exposure of neonatal male rats to NP is potentially deleterious to their reproductive development and affects their reproductive performance.     

新生儿肛门生殖器距离与隐睾的相关性分析

目的:分析男性新生儿肛门生殖器距离(AGD)与睾丸下降不全之间的关系,探索其可能存在的内在联系。方法:连续纳入哈尔滨市妇产医院及哈尔滨市双城区急救中心妇产科2013年9月至2014年9月出生的汉族男性新生儿350例,出生后24 h对所有新生儿测量AGD,排除有合并直肠肛门畸形及尿道下裂的患儿,由小儿外科医生进行体格检查,确定其是否存在睾丸下降不全,并根据睾丸位置分为阴囊上方型、腹股沟型及不可触及型。结果:350例新生儿中隐睾39例,隐睾新生儿的AGD长度显著短于非隐睾新生儿[(2.01±0.22)cm vs(2.35±0.19)cm;P0.01];在排除早产儿及低出生体重儿情况下该差异仍具有统计学意义[(2.32±0.14)cm vs(2.06±0.19)cm;(2.37±0.17)cm vs(2.12±0.12)cm,P均0.01];高位隐睾新生儿AGD较低位隐睾儿AGD有降低趋势,但无统计学意义(F=0.434,P0.05);单侧隐睾与双侧隐睾新生儿AGD值差异也无统计学意义[(1.96±0.13)cm vs(2.02±0.17)cm,P0.05)]。结论:在所研究的男性新生儿人群中,AGD值与睾丸下降不全具有相关性。AGD可以作为雄激素作用窗口期存在异常干扰的衡量指标。     

A novel mutation in CDKN1C in sibs with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and cleft palate,sensorineural hearing loss,and supernumerary flexion creases

We report on two daughters and a son of a Thai family who were affected with BWS. Their clinical findings consist of cleft palate, omphalocele, anterior ear creases, indented lesions on the posterior rim of the helix, macroglossia, posterior crossbite, and anterior open bite. The younger daughter and son had newly recognized findings of the BWS including sensorineural hearing loss and supernumerary flexion creases of the fingers. A novel mutation in CDKN1C (c.579delT; p.A193AfsX46) was found in all affected individuals and their mother. This mutation is located in the central highly polymorphic hexanucleotide repeat encoding a proline‐alanine series of repeats (PAPA‐domain). This domain is involved in MAP kinase phosphorylation. This is for the first time that sensorineural hearing loss and supernumerary flexion creases of the fingers are associated with mutation in CDKN1C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变1例报告并文献复习

目的:报告1例罕见异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变病例,提高对本病的诊治水平。方法:回顾分析异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变的病例的临床资料,结合国内外相关文献,探讨异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变的发病机制、诊断及治疗。结果:经腹切除巨大囊肿及右侧异位恶变睾丸,左侧隐睾行下降固定,病理示"右异位中肾管囊肿,右侧异位睾丸精原细胞瘤",随访1年无转移。结论:异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变极为罕见,影像学检查可协助诊断,但最终需病理确诊,应早期行手术切除。后续治疗取决于隐睾恶变的病理类型及分期。     

腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹腔型隐睾的效果研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹腔型隐睾的临床效果。方法行腹腔镜治疗的腹腔型隐睾患儿47例,脐上横切口,先行腹腔镜探查,根据睾丸发育情况处理：睾丸发育良好者游离精索及输精管周围筋膜,分离皮肤与肉膜,将睾丸牵引至囊袋内,睾丸萎缩者行切除术,睾丸未发育者直接结束手术。回顾性收集分析38例常规手术治疗的病例资料对比分析。结果47例患儿中,彩超未定位的隐睾7例全部经腹腔镜准确定位,达到100%。与常规手术治疗组比较,腹腔镜治疗组患儿的术后住院天数减少,住院费用增高（P〈0.05）,但是腹腔镜治疗组发烧、阴囊肿胀、切口感染减少,术后抗菌药应用减少（P〈0.05）,患儿家长满意度提高（P〈0.05）。术后随访12个月未发现睾丸萎缩。结论腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹腔型隐睾效果更好,并发症减少。     

单侧隐睾与对侧睾丸癌相关性的系统评价

目的:系统评价单侧隐睾与对侧已降睾丸癌变的相关性,为临床研究及实践提供参考。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、WanFang Data、CNKI和CBM数据库,检索年限为1980年至今,收集所有单侧隐睾与对侧睾丸癌相关性的队列研究及病历对照研究的文献,由3名质量控制员按照设定的纳入标准和排除标准检测相关的参考文献,进行质量评价和资料提取,应用RevMan5.2版软件进行数据的Meta分析处理。结果:共检索出文献1 630篇,符合要求12篇,排除7篇,其中符合要求的5篇纳入此Meta分析。结果共涉及5个病例对照研究,男性隐睾症111例,86例(77%)为同侧和25例(23%)为对侧。合并的相对危险度在同侧和对侧睾丸癌中分别为[SMD=3.04,95%CI(1.88,4.91),P0.01]和[SMD=0.80,95%CI(0.49,1.30),P=0.36]。结论:单侧隐睾导致睾丸癌的风险在双侧睾丸中均会增加,但同侧风险高于对侧。因为受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚有待进一步开展更多大样本、多中心、高质量的队列研究加以验证。