Yellow nails,lymphedema and chronic cough: Yellow nail syndrome in an eight-year-old girl

Yellow nail syndrome is a rare disease and reported mainly in adults. A case of yellow nail syndrome involving an eight-year-old girl with associated discoloured yellowish nails on the fingers and toes, lymphedema and chronic cough, and sputum production is reported.     

33例儿童心理性咳嗽临床诊治分析

目的 总结心理性咳嗽患儿的临床诊治,提高对本病的认识.方法 对2013年12月至2015年10月在北京儿童医院确诊为心理性咳嗽的33例患儿的诊疗情况进行回顾性分析.结果 中位年龄为8岁个6月,病程7周至7个月,12例表现为犬吠样咳嗽,14例为清嗓子样咳嗽,7例表现为类似下呼吸道感染干咳,有人在场时发生或明显加重,转移注意力可减轻,睡眠时消失.6例伴有眨眼或吸鼻子或耸肩动作.5例有哮喘或鼻炎病史,肺部和其他部位查体未见异常,全部均有心理因素诱因.12例心理测试存在焦虑和抑郁,心理治疗有效,4例患儿应用硫必利治疗有效.结论 心理性咳嗽的咳嗽特性是诊断的线索,具有心理诱因,辅助检查正常,对其他治疗无持续反应,心理治疗有效.     

Incidence of pertussis in subjects aged 50 years and older in France in 2013–2014

Objective

To assess the incidence of pertussis (whooping cough) in subjects aged 50 years and older in France.

术前肌注右美沙芬对全麻术后拔管时呛咳反应的影响

目的 观察术前肌注右美沙芬(dextromethorphan,DM)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者全麻术后拔管时呛咳反应的影响.方法 选择40例OSAS拟在全麻下行腭咽成型术(UPPD)患者,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,随机分为对照组及DM组,每组20例,术前30 min分别肌注5 ml生理盐水或DM 0.3 mg/kg,手术结束后拔管过程中观察各组呛咳反应的程度及不良反应.结果 手术结束后拔管时,DM组与对照组比较,DM组呛咳反应程度明显低于对照组.结论 术前30 min肌肉注射DM 0.3 mg/kg可降低OSAS患者全麻下行UPPP术后呛咳反应的程度.     

慢性咳嗽患者支气管激发试验结果分析与检查指导

目的 了解慢性咳嗽患者组胺支气管激发试验的结果.方法 对225例慢性咳嗽患者用肺功能仪测定基础肺功能及吸入不同剂量组胺后的肺功能,对患者检查前、中、后进行指导.结果 225例患者支气管激发试验阳性129例(57.3%),阴性78例(34.7%),可疑阳性18例(8.0%),所有患者均顺利完成检查.结论 咳嗽变异型哮喘是慢性咳嗽的常见原因,支气管激发试验是诊断咳嗽变异型哮喘的主要方法,做好试验检查指导是患者顺利完成试验,保证检查结果准确,减少试验不良反应的关键.     

Exploring the reasons for low pertussis vaccine effectiveness in Ontario,Canada, 2006–2008: a Canadian Immunization Research Network study

ObjectivesAlthough pertussis vaccines have been widely used for many decades, a burden of illness persists. Resurgences in Ontario, Canada, have not been substantial in the past decade, but an outbreak of pertussis occurred in Toronto between 1 October 2005 and 31 March 2006. Previous Ontario studies found high vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the initial years post-immunization. In order to explore the impact of outbreaks and external factors on VE, we investigated pertussis VE during the period 2006–2008.MethodsWe assessed pertussis VE using a frequency-matched case-control study for the period 1 March 2006 to 31 December 2008. We used logistic regression to estimate VE by age, time since last vaccination, and vaccination status according to the Ontario recommended schedule. We compared analyses including and excluding cases from Toronto, and to two recent Ontario pertussis VE studies.ResultsWe included 1797 confirmed cases and 7188 matched controls. Most cases were under 4 years of age during the study period. Pertussis VE was 3.8% (95% CI: − 21.0, 24.0) in the period 15–364 days following the last pertussis vaccine dose, and increased with increasing time since vaccination. Pertussis VE in the first 15–364 days excluding Toronto increased to 57.1% (95% CI: 26.0, 75.1), but the trend of increasing VE with time since vaccination persisted. Although VE was higher in older (6–11 years) than younger (0–5 years) children, it was lower at 12–13 years than after 14 years.ConclusionVE was lower in comparison with other studies conducted in Ontario, particularly in younger children. Various factors occurring during the study period may have influenced the results, including clinical testing of asymptomatic contacts, laboratory testing and methods and reporting practice, and a sensitive case definition. Further studies are needed to optimize methods for measuring VE to inform pertussis vaccine policy.     

Characterization of pressure changes in the lower urinary tract during coughing with special reference to the demands on the pressure recording equipment

The exact demands on urodynamic equipment for measurement of coughs and cough associated pressure changes in the lower urinary tract have been analyzed from high-speed pressure recordings using a double microtip transducer and a storage oscilloscope. The equipment was tested in vitro by the step-test method. The natural frequency response was 175.6 Hz and the rise-time 2.5 ms, resulting in accurate measurements of frequencies up to about 60 Hz which is way above the clinically measured frequencies. Four men and 2 women, all of whom were healthy volunteers, were examined in the supine position with an empty bladder. Pressures were measured in the bladder and in the external sphincter zone of the urethra. The spectral power density of the bladder and urethral pressures were calculated by Fourier analysis. The pressure changes in the urethra were in all volunteers equal to or slower than in the bladder. The analysis of the spectral power density showed that 99% of the pressure changes could be recorded with an instrument capable of recording 9 Hz frequencies, i.e., with a sampling rate of 18 Hz or more. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Lymph Node Dissection Is a Risk Factor for Short-Term Cough after Pulmonary Resection

Cough is a common complication after pulmonary resection. However, the factors associated with cough that develop after pulmonary resection are still controversial. In this study, we used the Simplified Cough Score (SCS) and the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score to investigate potential risk factors for postoperative cough. Between January 2017 and June 2021, we collected the clinical data of 517 patients, the SCS at three days after surgery and the LCQ at two weeks and six weeks after surgery. Then, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors for postoperative cough. The clinical baseline data of the cough group and the non-cough group were similar. However, the cough group had longer operation time and more blood loss. The patients who underwent lobectomy were more likely to develop postoperative cough than the patients who underwent segmentectomy and wedge resection, while the patients who underwent systematic lymph node dissection were more likely to develop postoperative cough than the patients who underwent lymph node sampling and those who did not undergo lymph node resection. When the same lymph node management method was applied, there was no difference in the LCQ scores between the patients who underwent wedge resection, lobectomy and segmentectomy. The lymph node resection method was an independent risk factor for postoperative cough (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Lymph node resection is an independent risk factor for short-term cough after pulmonary resection with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, and damage to the vagus nerve and its branches (particularly the pulmonary branches) is a possible cause of short-term cough. The mechanism of postoperative cough remains to be further studied.     

乔世举教授三期分治法治疗咳喘经验

咳喘是呼吸系统的难治性疾病。现代医学对咳喘病的治疗效果不令人满意,而传统医学有着诸多的优势。因此探求中医药治疗咳喘势在必行。咳喘病病位在肺肾而与五脏相关,应根据咳喘的不同阶段,分清在肺在脾在肾,辨清寒热虚实,而采用不同的治则和方药,进行系统调治,方可奏效。