急性胆管炎腹腔镜胆总管探查后一期缝合与T管引流的临床研究

目的 探讨急性胆管炎腹腔镜胆总管探查后一期缝合与T管引流两种手术方式的特点,评估其可行性与安全性.方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学宣武医院普外科2012年1月-2014年12月100例急性胆管炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管探查术患者的临床资料,其中54例(54％)患者行一期缝合,46例(46％)患者行T管引流.结果 100例患者均成功行手术治疗,手术时间缝合组显著短于T管组(96.72 minvs123.00 min,P=0.001),术中出血量缝合组与T管组相比显著减少(27.13 mlvs38.48 ml,P=0.009).缝合组术后胃肠功能恢复时间(1.57 dvs2.33 d,P=0.003)与术后住院时间(6.19 dvs9.20d,P=0.000)均显著短于T管组.两组术后腹腔总引流量(309.22mlvs212.46ml,P=0.070),引流时间(3.96 dvs4.02 d,P=0.875),术后胆漏发病率(9.3％ vs0,P=0.060),出血率(5.1％vs2.2％,P=0.622)差异均无统计学意义.结论 急性胆管炎腹腔镜胆总管探查后一期缝合严格掌握适应证后,与T管引流相比,同样安全有效.     

内镜与腹腔镜联合一期与二期治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石疗效的前瞻性研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨一期与二期腹腔镜联合内镜的不同治疗方法对胆囊结石同时合并胆总管结石患者的治疗疗效及安全性。 方法〓104例符合标准的患者分为2组:一期腹腔镜胆总管探查联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LCBDE+LC组,n=55)和二期内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术联合Oddi括约肌切开序贯腹腔镜胆囊切除术(ERCP/S+LC组,n=49)。分析探讨两组患者手术成功率、术后并发症和术后住院时间的差异。 结果〓两组患者在流行病学和临床病例特点方面无明显差异,提示两组患者具有可比性。LCBDE+LC组和ERCP/S+LC组的患者手术成功率相近(分别为90.0%和95.9%, P=0.309),但ERCP/S+LC组的患者结石清除率更高(分别为93.6%和80.0%, P=0.046),两组患者术后并发症发生率无明显差异。此外,两组患者在术后住院时间和总体住院费用方面亦相近。在术后随访期间,LCBDE+LC组和ERCP/S+LC组分别有5.9%(3/51)和6.3%(3/48)的患者发现胆总管结石残留,差异无显著的统计学意义。结论〓胆囊结石同时合并胆总管结石的一期和二期双镜联合治疗方法具有相近的成功率,术后并发症发生率相若,远期复发无明显差异,但二期双镜联合治疗的手术结石清除率更高。     

Helena,the hidden beauty: Resolving the most common West Eurasian mtDNA control region haplotype by massively parallel sequencing an Italian population sample

The analysis of mitochondrial (mt)DNA is a powerful tool in forensic genetics when nuclear markers fail to give results or maternal relatedness is investigated. The mtDNA control region (CR) contains highly condensed variation and is therefore routinely typed. Some samples exhibit an identical haplotype in this restricted range. Thus, they convey only weak evidence in forensic queries and limited phylogenetic information. However, a CR match does not imply that also the mtDNA coding regions are identical or samples belong to the same phylogenetic lineage. This is especially the case for the most frequent West Eurasian CR haplotype 263G 315.1C 16519C, which is observed in various clades within haplogroup H and occurs at a frequency of 3–4% in many European populations.In this study, we investigated the power of massively parallel complete mtGenome sequencing in 29 Italian samples displaying the most common West Eurasian CR haplotype – and found an unexpected high diversity. Twenty-eight different haplotypes falling into 19 described sub-clades of haplogroup H were revealed in the samples with identical CR sequences. This study demonstrates the benefit of complete mtGenome sequencing for forensic applications to enforce maximum discrimination, more comprehensive heteroplasmy detection, as well as highest phylogenetic resolution.     

腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果。方法2003年7月-2005年8月我院有18例胆囊并胆总管结石手术先行腹腔镜胆囊切除，然后切开胆总管用胆道镜探查，取出胆总管结石。结果1例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹，17例均顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆道镜胆总管探查术。结论腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果可靠。     

Congenital dilatation of the common bile duct and pancreaticobiliary maljunction—clinical implications

Clinical conditions and diagnosis  Congenital dilatation of the common bile duct is a disease in which the extrahepatic bile duct, or both the extra and intrahepatic bile ducts, is dilated in various ways. Pancreaticobiliary maljunction is a disease in which the pancreatic duct meets the bile duct outside of the duodenal wall beyond the sphincter Oddi. Recently, these diseases have been thought to be closely related to each other but to be different malformations. Biliary tract carcinoma, especially bile duct carcinoma, is found in about 30% of patients with congenital dilatation of the bile duct. The concomitance of bile and pancreatic juice and their stasis in the biliary tract induce cellular proliferation and reproduction and stimulate genetic alterations in biliary epithelium, which may play an important role in carcinogenesis of the bile duct. Therapeutic strategies  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is useful for examining pancreaticobiliary maljunction. The operation is dilated bile duct resection and hepaticojejunostomy, which ensure that pancreatic juice and bile do not mix in the bile duct. Gallbladder carcinoma develops in more than 90% of pancreaticobiliary maljunction without bile duct dilatation.     

胆总管探查后一期缝合胆汁漏的临床分析

目的探讨胆总管探查一期缝合后胆汁漏的发生及其相关因素。方法对我院1999年1月至2003年6月期间,因肝外胆管结石施行胆总管探查后行T管引流的148例和一期缝合的154例患者的临床资料进行分析。结果术后发生胆汁漏T管引流组有11例(7.4%),一期缝合组有16例(10.4%),两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);一期缝合组胆汁漏的发生与高血糖(P<0.05)、低血浆白蛋白(P<0.01)、胆总管多次缝合(P<0.01)及胆汁细菌培养阳性(P<0.05)有关,与高龄无关(P>0.05)。结论严格掌握适应证,认真做好术中特检,轻柔细致的操作以及有针对性的药物治疗,是减少一期缝合胆汁漏发生的关键。     

共同性水平斜视矫正与重睑成形术同期进行对容貌的美学影响

目的：探讨共同性水平斜视矫正与重睑成形术同期进行对容貌的美学影响。方法：首先根据斜视度数计算出相关眼肌后徙和缩短的量,再设计重睑线,然后行水平肌后徙和缩短调整矫正斜视,最后根据眼睑的厚薄选择三点式或切开法进行重睑成形术。结果：20例共同性水平斜视伴单睑患者中,13例斜视矫正与重睑成形术同期进行,7例行单纯斜视矫正术。其中8例共同性内斜视受术者,术后均得到正眼位矫正。12例共同性外斜视受术者中,1例矫正不足,范围5°～10°,余均正位,无复视现象发生。13例接受重睑成形术的患者中,5例选择三点式术式,8例选择切开法术式。术后均在3个月内恢复自然。同时接受斜视矫正与重睑成形术患者,术后外观改善较大,整体美容效果明显高于行单纯斜视矫正术患者。结论：对共同性水平斜视伴单睑患者,二者同期手术既节省时间、节省经费又能达到更好的美容效果,对有眼科基础的整形外科医生来说,应该建议患者接受同期手术治疗。     

肝外胆管结石的微创治疗

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)+胆总管探查术(common bile ductexploration,CBDE)与内镜下Oddi括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)联合LC治疗胆囊疾病合并胆总管结石的临床效果及术式选择。方法:2001年4月～2007年12月我院采用微创外科技术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者66例,其中LC+CBDE组48例,EST组18例,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后住院天数、住院总费用、并发症发生率、结石消除率等指标。结果:LC+CBDE组与EST组手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、结石消除率等指标差异无显著性(P>0.05),LC+CBDE组住院总天数、住院总费用、并发症发生率明显少于EST组(P<0.01)。结论:两种术式各有其适应证和优缺点,胆总管直径<1.0cm时以行EST取石术为宜,2～5d后再行LC。既往有胆道手术史者亦EST取石为宜。胆总管直径>1.0cm,尤其是并存二级胆管结石者(无胆管狭窄)则宜行LC+CBDE。     

Unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background/Purpose Many cases have been reported of disastrous port-site recurrence after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) revealed unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Some investigators have reported that the prognosis of patients after LC showed unsuspected GBC is not worsened by laparoscopic procedures. We retrospectively reviewed our cases and the literature to reconfirm the intrinsic risks of LC for unsuspected GBC. Methods Of 1663 patients who underwent LC from January 1991 to December 2003 in a single institution, 9 (0.54%) with unsuspected GBC were reviewed. Results These 9 patients consisted of 5 men and 4 women, whose ages ranged from 58 to 87 years, with a median age of 73 years. Two patients with a pT1a tumor (limited to mucosa) and 2 patients with a pT1b tumor (muscle layer) underwent no further operation. The remaining 5 patients with a pT2 tumor (subserosa) underwent further operations with lymph node dissection. Five patients (2 patients with pT1b and 3 patients with pT2) developed recurrence and all of them died within a median period of 19 months (range 14–37 months) after LC. The causes of death were bone metastases in 1 patient (pT2), local recurrence in 2 patients (pT1b and pT2), and peritoneal metastasis in 2 patients (one elderly patient with pT1b who underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, and one patient with pT2 in whom the cystic duct was damaged during surgery). Four patients (2 with pT1 and 2 with pT2) have been doing well with a median follow-up of 39.5 months (range 12–99 months) after LC. Conclusions Surgeons should always prevent bile spillage during LC and when removing the resected gallbladder. When laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is planned, especially for elderly women, surgeons should also bear in mind the increasing possibility of unsuspected GBC.     

Hepatic CCR7lowCD62LlowCD45RClow allograft dendritic cells migrate to the splenic red pulp in immunologically unresponsive rats

Donor dendritic cells (DC) migrate into the recipient spleen after hepatic transplantation. Immunological unresponsiveness to rat hepatic allografts can be induced by prior donor-specific blood transfusion (DST). We investigated homing receptor phenotype and splenic distribution of donor DC after allografting and DST. Immunostaining revealed OX62+ cells in the splenic red pulp of animals receiving pre-transplant DST but only in the white pulp of untreated animals. Most OX62 cells were positive for OX76. There were two subsets of DC in the spleen, CD45RChighOX62+ and CD45RClowOX62+ cells. RT-PCR revealed that CD45RClowOX62+ cells expressed interleukin (IL)-10, while CD45RChighOX62+ cells expressed IL-2 and low levels of IL-10 mRNA. CD45RChighOX62+ cells strongly expressed CCR5 and CCR7, compared with weak expression in CD45RClowOX62+ cells. The Epstein-Barr virus-induced molecule 1 (EBI-1) ligand chemokine (ELC/MIP3beta) was expressed mainly within the splenic white pulp. Mucosal vascular addressin-cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) was expressed in the marginal zone and white pulp, but expression of splenic MAdCAM-1 was down-regulated in DST-treated animals. L-selectin (CD62L), the ligand for MAdCAM-1, was strongly expressed on CD45RChighOX62+ cells but not on CD45RClowOX62+ cells. In conclusion, differential splenic migration of CCR5lowCCR7lowCD62Llow CD45RClow DC expressing Th2-type cytokines is associated with immunological unresponsiveness to rat hepatic allografts.