输卵管卵巢脓肿与卵巢良性肿瘤的CT鉴别诊断

目的:分析输卵管卵巢脓肿的CT特征,探讨CT对输卵管卵巢脓肿与卵巢附件良性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析13例输卵管卵巢脓肿和11例卵巢良性肿瘤的CT表现。结果:绝经前患者输卵管卵巢脓肿12例(12/13例),良性肿瘤组4例(4/11例)。脓肿13例(13/13例)、良性肿瘤9例(9/11例),CT表现为附件区囊实性肿块,脓肿和良性肿瘤边缘轮廓模糊不清分别为11例(11/13例)和4例(4/11例),两组显示囊壁增厚和边缘层状增强分别为10例(10/13例)和2例(2/11例)。脓肿的子宫骶骨韧带增厚和骶前直肠周围脂肪模糊分别为10/13例和9/11例,而良性肿瘤组无1例发生。结论:附件脓肿壁增厚和层状增强,子宫骶骨韧带增厚及骶前直肠周围脂肪模糊有助于鉴别输卵管卵巢脓肿和卵巢良性肿瘤。     

益气复智颗粒对多发脑梗死性痴呆模型大鼠脑组织细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察益气复智颗粒对多发脑梗死性痴呆模型大鼠脑皮质形态学、细胞凋亡的影响。方法 采用颈内动脉注射血栓的方法，复制多发梗死性痴呆大鼠模型，观察益气复智颗粒12．42g/kg分别于手术前、手术前后、手术后灌胃对实验动物脑皮质形态学、细胞凋亡的影响。结果 益气复智颗粒能使脑缺血后脑内神经细胞凋亡数目下降。结论 益气复智颗粒具有较好的保护脑神经元，阻断脑缺血致神经细胞死亡病理过程的作用。     

梗阻性脑积水侧脑室及室周脑组织生物力学响应的有限元分析

目的运用有限元方法对梗阻性脑积水进行计算机模拟,研究分析侧脑室及室周脑组织的生物力学响应及其所产生的病理生理影响。方法依据正常国人颅脑MRI轴位T2加权图像获取解剖信息,在有限元软件ANSYS中生成包含侧脑室前、后角和体部的半侧脑层面的二维有限元模型。模拟脑组织为固、液两相物质组成的线性多孔弹性材料,设定生物力学特性参数及边界条件和初始条件,施加载荷,运用有限元软件ABAQUS进行计算求解,以云图形式输出结果。结果有限元模型动态模拟了梗阻性脑积水侧脑室各部的扩张过程,直观显示出各个时间步室周脑组织内的应力类型及分布、各部的应变和位移。结论膨胀性应力集中引起角部脑水肿;梗阻性脑积水早期侧脑室角部形态变化最明显;体部附近脑组织结构容易受压移位。这些生物力学响应是室内压增高的结果,也与侧脑室的解剖形态密切相关。     

Cardiac tamponade due to intrapericardial rupture of an amebic liver abscess

Pericardial abscess is rare in healthy individuals, especially the amebic type. We report a case of pericardial abscess and cardiac tamponade due to intrapericardial rupture of an amebic liver abscess. A 31-year old Japanese male complained of fever to a local hospital. A liver mass was discovered in his left hepatic lobe by an abdominal echogram. He was referred to the internal department of our hospital and was treated with quinolone antibiotics. Two weeks after medication, he suddenly complained of epigastralgia and severe orthopnea and was admitted. Abdominal computed tomographic scan showed an enlarged liver mass, and massive pericardial effusion suggested cardiac tamponade. He underwent an emergency subxiphoid partial pericardiectomy under local anesthesia. 1,000 ml of light brownish fluid was removed and his condition improved. Although no ameba was cultivated from the pus, the amebic serological test was positive. Metronidazole was administered and the patients was discharged 31 days after surgery.     

Exo-focal postischemic neuronal damage in the rat brain: alteration of [H]forskolin binding using in vitro autoradiography

We studied the alteration of intracellular signal transduction using quantitative autoradiography of the second messenger system in order to clarify the mechanisms of delayed neuronal damage in the remote areas of rat brain after transient focal ischemia. Chronological changes of [³H]forskolin binding sites were measured to demonstrate the striatal-nigral pathway after 90 min of right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and after such occlusion followed by 3 h, 6 h, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks of recirculation. [³H]Forskolin binding sites were found to be markedly decreased in the lateral segment of the caudate putamen supplied by the occluded MCA after 90 min of ischemia with no recirculation. On the contrary, there was no alteration on day 1, but 3 days after ischemic insult, marked reduction of [³H]forskolin binding sites was observed in the ipsilateral substantia nigra which lay outside the ischemic areas. This postischemic delayed phenomenon observed in the substantia nigra developed concurrently with ⁴⁵Ca accumulation, which was detected there in our previous study. The delayed reduction of [³H]forskolin binding sites in the substantia nigra observed in the present study indicates that striatonigral terminal degeneration at presynaptic sites is caused by precedent ischemic damage of the ipsilateral caudate putamen and that exo-focal postischemic neuronal death is caused by a transsynaptic process associated with the ischemic foci.     

实验性大鼠液压分级颅脑损伤模型的建立与研究

用自制液压冲击颅脑损伤仪对大鼠的头部由轻到重的４种冲击力产生４级脑损伤。１级可以无明显病理生理变化；２～４级则随冲击力的加重病理生理变化亦加重。这些变化包括心率，呼吸，血压，颅内压，脑水份含量与伊文思蓝蓝染范围测定以及病理学的变化。     

磁共振成像对颅内脑膜瘤水肿分析

目的：探讨脑膜瘤周围脑水肿的程度和肿瘤的生长部位．质地．组织学亚型的相关性．研究其瘤周水肿的形成原因．材料和方法：使用经手术和病理证实的65例脑膜瘤MRI和临床病理资料．观察分析脑膜瘤的瘤周水肿的程度．肿瘤的质地，组织学亚型等．结果：发生于大脑颅盖部或／和有矢状窦受累的脑膜瘤有明显的脑水肿．而发生于其它部位(颅底，丘脑、小脑、脑池等)无或只有轻度脑水肿．结论：轻度脑水肿主要是脑膜瘤对脑组织的直接压迫，而中，重度脑水肿主要是脑膜瘤对大脑表面引流静脉尤其是矢状窦的压迫或阻塞．脑水肿和肿瘤的发生部位有关，面和肿瘤的质地、组织学亚型无关．