门静脉高压侧支循环的螺旋CT表现

探讨肝硬化门脉高压侧支循环的螺旋ＣＴ表现。材料与方法,搜索肝硬化门脉高压患者５２例,其中２３例采用３ｍｍ薄层容积扫描,重建层厚１．５ｍｍ,并进行ＭＩＰ管重建。结果螺旋ＣＴ显示脐周静脉曲张１２例,胆囊周围静脉曲张８例,脾肾静脉侧支开放９例,腹膜后静脉曲线１０例,食管静脉曲张２４例,     

A rare anomaly of the anterior communicating artery complex hidden by a large broad-neck aneurysm and disclosed by three-dimensional rotational angiography

Double fenestration of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) complex associated with an aneurysm is a very rare finding and is usually caused by ACoA duplication and the presence of a median artery of the corpus callosum (MACC). We present a patient in whom double fenestration was not associated with ACoA duplication or even with MACC, representing therefore, a previously unreported anatomic variation. A 43 year old woman experienced sudden headache and the CT scans showed subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). On admission, her clinical condition was consistent with Hunt and Hess grade II. Conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed and revealed multiple intracranial aneurysms arising from both middle cerebral arteries (MCA) and from the ACoA. Three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) disclosed a double fenestration of the ACoA complex which was missed by DSA. The patient underwent a classic pterional approach in order to achieve occlusion of both left MCA and ACoA aneurysms by surgical clipping. The post-operative period was uneventful. A rare anatomical variation characterised by a double fenestration not associated with ACoA duplication or MACC is described. The DSA images missed the double fenestration which was disclosed by 3D-RA, indicating the importance of 3D-RA in the diagnosis and surgical planning of intracranial aneurysms.     

磁共振、彩色多普勒及间接门脉数字减影血管造影在门静脉系统显像中的对照研究

目的 评价磁共振血管成像（MRA）、彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）及间接门脉数字减影血管造影（DSA）在门静脉高压症门脉系统及门体侧支循环显像中的应用和三者优缺点比较。方法 32例该症病人接受了MRA检查,20例病人分别行CDFI和DSA检查。结果 MRA对胃左静脉侧支（LGV）、胃短静脉侧支（SGV）、开放脐静脉侧支（UV）、自发脾肾静脉分流侧支、胃后静脉侧支（PGV）及腹膜后交通侧支的检出率分别为93.75%、87.5%、6.25%、15.62%、37.5%和28.13%,其中1例合并门脉主干（MPV）栓塞;CDFI对LGV、SGV、UV诸侧支的显示率分别为80％、5％、10％,1例合并脾静脉栓塞,另1例合并MPV海绵样变;间接门脉DSA对前述侧支的显示率分别为80％、45％及25％。结论 MRA能更全面、准确地了解门脉系统及门体侧支循环的建立情况。     

数字减影造影介入后手术切除骶骨肿瘤

目的 研究和评价经数字减影造影术（DSA）介入后手术治疗骶骨肿瘤的价值。方法 24例骶骨肿瘤术前经双侧髂内动脉行DSA介入治疗,介入后1周内行手术切除肿瘤。结果 全部病例肿瘤均顺利切除,术中出血减少,平均出血量为1200ml;20例获随访,平均随访28个月,仅1例局部复发,2例恶性肿瘤死亡。结论 经DSA介入后手术治疗骶骨肿瘤,可有效减少术中出血及手术并发症。     

Asymptomatic Vertebral Artery Injury after Acute Cervical Spine Trauma

Two recent cases of vertebral artery injury from cervical fracture-dislocation prompted us to review the literature of these wrongly thought uncommon lesions. Extracranial vertebral artery injury during cervical trauma needs to be suspected not only in the case of vertebrobasilar ischemia, but also in asymptomatic patients presenting serious flexion-distraction deformities. Fracture of a transverse foramen or facet joint dislocation should alert the clinician. Magnetic resonance evaluates blood flow and vessel injury, usually unilateral, localized to the traumatized unstable vertebral segment. A four-stage classification is useful to understand and treat vertebral artery injury, also a standardized therapeutic protocol is not documented. Anterior cervical fusion seems indicated to decompress the injured vessel, and to avoid further damage to both vertebral arteries. Unstable spine conditions may also promote clot mobilization at the traumatized vessel leading to vertebrobasilar embolization. The benefit of antithrombotic therapy in reducing neurological morbidity and improving outcome is not yet established and needs long-term follow-up.     

心脏瓣膜病冠状动脉造影分析

目的：探讨心脏瓣膜病伴发冠心病的诊断方法。方法：对602例心脏瓣膜病术前临床资料和选择性冠状动脉造影结果进行综合分析。结果：冠状动脉造影显示,心脏瓣膜病并发冠心病为14．1％,其中无症状者占76．2％,21例核素心肌灌注显像中阳性率为9．5％。结论：选择性冠状动脉造影是确诊心脏瓣膜病伴发冠心病的最可行的方法。在临床,大于50岁（有冠心病危险因素提前到40岁）,需心脏瓣膜置换的病人,术前应常规行选择性冠状动脉造影检查。     

The evolution of a purpose designed hybrid trauma operating room from the trauma service perspective: The RAPTOR (resuscitation with angiography percutaneous treatments and operative resuscitations)

Traumatic injury is the leading cause of potentially preventable lost years of life in the Western world and exsanguination is the most potentially preventable cause of post-traumatic death. With mature trauma systems and experienced trauma centres, extra-abdominal sites, such as the pelvis, constitute the most frequent anatomic site of exsanguination. Haemorrhage control for such bleeding often requires surgical adjuncts most notably interventional radiology (IR). With the usual paradigm of surgery conducted within an operating room and IR procedures within distant angiography suites, responsible clinicians are faced with making difficult decisions regarding where to transport the most physiologically unstable patients for haemorrhage control. If such a critical patient is transported to the wrong suite, they may die unnecessarily despite having potentially salvageable injuries. Thus, it seems only logical that the resuscitative operating room of the future would have IR capabilities making it the obvious geographic destination for critically unstable patients, especially those who are exsanguinating.     

H2O2造影直肠腔内超声对肛瘘诊治的意义

目的：探讨H2O2造影直肠腔内超声对提高肛瘘病灶检出率及降低复发率的意义。方法：将110例肛瘘患者随机分为常规直肠腔内超声组（以下简称常规组）、H2O2造影直肠腔内超声组（以下简称H2O2组）,分别观察常规组和H2O2组主瘘管显影率、支瘘管显影率、内口显影率以及术后复发率。结果：常规组与H2O2组的主瘘管显影率分别为90.9%和92.7%,P＞0.05;支瘘管显影率分别为63.2%和85.4%,P＜0.05;内口显影率分别为49.1%和80%,P＜0.05;术后复发率分别为18.2%和5.5%,P＜0.05。结论：肛瘘患者术前行H2O2造影直肠腔内超声,对于提高肛瘘诊断准确率、微小病灶（支瘘管）检出率及降低术后复发率有重要意义。     

双源Flash扫描模式CTA结合迭代重建诊断脑血管病变

目的探讨第二代双源Flash扫描模式CTA结合迭代重建诊断脑血管病变的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析105例接受双源Flash扫描模式结合迭代重建脑血管CTA的疑诊脑血管病变患者的资料。以3D-DSA为金标准,计算Flash扫描模式CTA诊断脑血管病变的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率。比较3D-DSA与Flash扫描模式CTA诊断脑血管病变的差异,计算双源Flash扫描模式CTA的辐射剂量及对比剂用量。结果 105例中,Flash扫描模式CTA诊断60例共73个脑动脉瘤,其中微小动脉瘤24个;诊断13例脉动静脉畸形(AVM);检出颈内动脉海绵窦瘘5例、静脉畸形2例,脑动脉狭窄9例,烟雾病6例。以3D-DSA为金标准,CTA误诊微小动脉瘤2例,漏诊1例位于大脑中动脉远端区域的AVM。Flash扫描模式CTA诊断脑血管病变的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为98.94%(93/94)、81.82%(9/11)、97.89%(93/95)、90.00%(9/10)和97.14%(102/105),辐射剂量为(231.9±13.2)mGy·cm,对比剂用量为(49.32±2.54)ml。结论脑部Flash扫描模式CTA结合迭代重建可快速、准确诊断脑血管病变,同时辐射剂量低、对比剂用量少。