Simple adnexal cysts diagnosed by ultrasound in postmenopausal women

Thirty simple adnexal cysts in postmenopausal women detected by sonography were followed prospectively. The cysts were totally anechoic or with at most two septations. Size varied from 2 cm to 8 cm, but one was as large as 17 cm. Only seven were discovered at the pelvic examination prior to the scan. Fifteen underwent surgery and no malignant tumor was found. The remaining 15 were followed by sonography only. Six lesions had disappeared after one month, altogether 12 had disappeared after seven months. After two years, only two 2-cm cysts remained. The results indicate that surgery on simple adnexal cysts may not be necessary but they should be followed by sonography.     

Gastric wall thickness in normal and neoplastic subjects: A prospective study performed by abdominal ultrasound

Gastric wall thickness (body-antrum) was blind measured prospectively by real-time ultrasound in 58 patients (30 with gastric cancer and 28 healthy) who had previously undergone endoscopy.Gastric wall thickness on the average measured 15.933±4.471 mm in the neoplastic patients and 5.107±1.100 mm in the normal subjects. Seven millimeters was the highest value found in the normal subjects (4 cases) and the minimum value found in the neoplastic patients (1 case).Knowing the normal gastric wall thickness value on a standard ultrasound examination of the upper abdomen is useful, as ultrasound is often performed as a screening or first-step procedure, in order to address the patients with higher values toward more specific techniques.This paper was presented in part as a free communication at EUROSON '87, Helsinki, June 1987.     

多普勒能量图监测移植肾急性排斥

为探讨彩色多普勒能量图（ＣＤＥ）在监测移植肾急性排斥中的应用价值，对７１例移植肾作ＣＤＥ及常规彩色多普勒血流成像（ＣＤＦＩ）等检查，其中２２例经临床及病理证实发生了急性排斥（ＡＲ）。结果表明：根据ＣＤＥ可以诊断急性排斥，其灵敏度比ＣＤＦＩ高。若ＣＤＥ与ＣＤＦＩ结合，则诊断ＡＲ的准确性更进一步提高。多次ＣＤＥ检查动态观察移植肾可预测ＡＲ的转归和监测抗排斥的效果。认为ＣＤＥ检查是目前肾移植术后较实用的一种监测手段。     

Robust electromagnetic probe for the monitoring of lithotriptor output

The ability to measure the powers and pressures generated by extracorporeal lithotriptors is important for both patient safety and treatment planning. Regular measurements of output have been impossible in the past because there have been no instruments available that could withstand prolonged or repeated exposure to litho-triptor fields. The literature contains reports of various devices that have been used to make measurements of lithotriptor output, and these are briefly described here. The authors report the use of a new electromagnetic probe as a robust monitoring device. It has been tested by comparison with a PVdF coplanar membrane hydrophone, by comparison with the results of disintegrating a series of synthetic stones and by impact measurements. The electromagnetic probe has also been used to monitor the output of a piezoelectric extracorporeal lithotriptor over a 12-month period. Fluctuations in pulse energy of up to 350% were observed.     

低强度超声对大鼠痛经模型的镇痛作用及其机制

目的观察低强度超声辐照对大鼠痛经模型的镇痛效应。方法将75只3月龄动情间期的雌性SD大鼠随机平均分为盐水组、模型组、超声组。采用苯甲酸雌二醇和缩宫素联合制备痛经大鼠模型,盐水组以等量生理盐水进行处理。建模成功后,超声组给予低强度超声辐照（频率200kHz,声强0．2w／cm^2）腹部10min,模型组和盐水组不予超声处理。观察辐照后20min内大鼠扭体行为,记录子宫收缩波,检测子宫β-内啡肽（β-EP）水平。结果与模型组比较,超声组大鼠扭体潜伏期显著延长,扭体次数、评分均显著降低（P〈0．01）;子宫收缩频次变化差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,子宫收缩波幅、张力、活动度均显著性降低（P〈0．05）;子宫β-EP含量显著增加（P〈O．01）。结论低强度超声辐照对大鼠痛经模型具有显著镇痛效应。     

Effect of the polymer-based, paclitaxel-eluting TAXUS Express stent on vascular tissue responses: a volumetric intravascular ultrasound integrated analysis from the TAXUS IV, V, and VI trials.

AIMS: The TAXUS Express stent has been shown to reduce angiographic restenosis, repeat revascularizations, and neointimal hyperplasia when compared with bare metal stent (BMS) control (TAXUS IV, V, and VI) in individual TAXUS trials. Since intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) methodology and core laboratory were consistent among all three TAXUS trials, an integrated analysis of 956 patients across all IVUS cohorts can be performed providing superior power. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the TAXUS randomized trials, patients received an Express BMS or paclitaxel-eluting TAXUS Express stent. Volumetric analysis was performed on a selected subgroup at implantation and 9 months. Compared with BMS control, TAXUS increased 9-month lumen volumes (144 +/- 79 vs. 179 +/- 95 mm(3); P < 0.0001) due to reduced neointimal volume (66 +/- 49 vs. 27 +/- 30 mm(3); P < 0.0001). This corresponded to a 61% decrease in net lumen volume obstruction (31 +/- 15 vs. 12 +/- 12 mm(3); P < 0.0001). Lumen loss was similar between groups for the proximal 5 mm outside the stent but was reduced in TAXUS at the distal edge (P = 0.0056). Neointimal hyperplasia was significantly reduced in the double-strut region of overlapping TAXUS vs. BMS control and in high-risk patients with diabetes, long lesions, multiple stents, and multiple overlapping stents. Late-acquired incomplete stent apposition (ISA) was more common with moderate-release TAXUS stents. Importantly, there were no major adverse cardiac events or stent thromboses in any late-acquired ISA patient through 2 years. Univariate and multivariable analyses revealed that longer lesion length and previous myocardial infarction are risk factors for late-acquired ISA. CONCLUSION: Integrated analysis of the TAXUS trials shows that the paclitaxel-eluting TAXUS Express stent effectively inhibits in-stent neointimal proliferation, even in high-risk and overlapping stent patients.     

3D spatial compounding of ultrasound images using image-based nonrigid registration

Medical ultrasound images are often distorted enough to significantly limit resolution during compounding (i.e., summation of images from multiple views). A new, volumetric image registration technique has been used successfully to enable high spatial resolution in three-dimensional (3D) spatial compounding of ultrasound images. Volumetric ultrasound data were acquired by scanning a linear matrix array probe in the elevational direction in a focal lesion phantom and in a breast in vivo. To obtain partly uncorrelated views, the volume of interest was scanned at five different transducer tilt angles separated by 4° to 6°. Pairs of separate views were registered by an automatic procedure based on a mutual information metric, using global full affine and thin-plate spline warping transformations. Registration accuracy was analyzed automatically in the phantom data, and manually in vivo, yielding average registration errors of 0.31 mm and 0.65 mm, respectively. In the vicinity of the warping control points, registrations obtained with warping transformations were significantly more accurate than full affine registrations. Compounded images displayed the expected reduction in speckle noise and increase in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), as well as better delineation of connective tissues and reduced shadowing. Compounding also revealed some apparent low contrast lobulations that were not visible in the single-sweep images. Given expected algorithmic and hardware enhancements, nonrigid, image-based registration shows great promise for reducing tissue motion and refraction artifacts in 3D spatial compounding.     

高强度聚焦超声体外治疗肝肿瘤的剂量学研究

目的 探讨高强度聚焦超声（ＨＦＵ）破坏肝肿瘤剂量与效应的关系。为ＨＩＦＵ体外治疗肝肿瘤的临床剂量学提供参考数据,方法 在换能器聚焦参数和工作为的前提下,观察并测定不同的输出功率、单次脉冲时间和治疗总时间致离体牛肝组织和活体猪肝脏靶区内组织凝固性坏死灶的大小。结果 肝组织内凝固性坏死灶的大小是可变的,且可能与ＨＩＦＵ治疗剂量和活体组织的生物学特性有关系。结论 肝脏靶区出现凝固性坏死是聚焦超声束作用于     

诊断超声辐照后大鼠睾丸生精细胞P53 mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA表达改变

目的　检测诊断超声与细胞凋亡相关基因P53和Bcl-2mRNA的关系。方法　32只SD雄性大鼠随机分为4组对照组、10min组、20min组和30min组,应用HP8500彩色血流显像仪,探头频率7.5MHz,超声输出功率6.8mW,空间平均时间平均声强3.4mW/cm     

Fetal and maternal aortic flow in two different maternal positions. An investigation with combined doppler-velocimetry and ultrasonic multiple array

To study aortic velocities in the fetus, a newly developed multirangegated Doppler velocimeter was combined with a commercial B-mode linear-array apparatus. Spectrum analysis of the Doppler shift signals was performed. The signals with the highest frequencies were selected for hard-copy, and integrated with a digitizer. In the first part of the study, the reproducibility of the method was established by serial measurements of aortic velocity in 7 near-term fetuses. It proved sufficient to evaluate 5 successive heart-cycles. The mean coefficient of variation was 5% (mean number of recordings evaluated 7.5).

In the second part of the study, possible influence of aortocaval compression on fetal aortic velocity indicative of changes in fetal cardiac output, was investigated in 10 pregnant women with no symptoms of supine hypotension. Doppler monitoring of the material cardiac output from the suprasternal notch was added to the set-up described to study the supine reduction of cardiac output frequently described in pregnant women. No significant change was found either in the maternal or in the fetal circulation.