Thoracoscopic removal of neurogenic mediastinal tumors: technical aspects

Background: Thoracoscopy is fast becoming the standard approach for the removal of neurogenic mediastinal tumors. However, there are risks for adjacent nervous structures (stellate ganglion, spinal cord). The aim of this study was to review the technical features of this approach.Methods: Between December 1999 and January 2003, nine patients underwent thoracoscopic resection of a mediastinal neurogenic tumor at our hospital. Five of these patients were asymptomatic with incidentally found tumor; the other four patients had compression-related syndromes. Two tumors had developed in the superior sulcus, and one had a spinal canal component (dumbell-type tumor).Results: Thoracoscopic dissection was possible in all cases. In one patient, resection of the tumor was performed via a combined neurosurgical and thoracoscopic approach. Seven tumors were benign nerve sheath tumors (schwannoma), and 2 were nerve cell tumors (ganglioneuroma). The postoperative course was uncomplicated in all patients.Conclusion: The thoracoscopic resection of mediastinal neurogenic tumors is technically easy, except for bulky tumors of the superior sulcus and dumbbell tumors, which require a combined thoracoscopic and neurosurgical approach.     

Minimally Invasive Surgery in Pediatric Cancer Patients

Background: The specific use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in pediatric cancer patients is limited. We evaluated the 5-year experience at a single institution with MIS in children with malignancies.Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of all MIS performed between November 1995 and October 2010434_2004_Article_340.Results: A total of 101 pediatric oncology patients underwent 113 MIS procedures—64 laparoscopic (57%) and 49 thoracoscopic (43%)—during this period. Laparoscopy was performed for diagnostic purposes in 27 cases (42%) and was successful in 25 (93%) cases. Laparoscopic tumor resection was performed in seven cases (11%). Thirty additional laparoscopic procedures (47%) were attempted for complications of the malignancy or its treatment. Four of these cases were converted to open laparotomies. Indications for thoracoscopy included the evaluation of a mediastinal mass (n = 7) or biopsy or resection of pulmonary lesions (metastatic, n = 31; infectious, n = 9). Fourteen cases (29%) had to be converted to open thoracotomy procedures, generally because of the inability to localize a lesion. The other 35 procedures were successful. The overall complication rate was 5%. No trocar site recurrences or infections were observed.Conclusions: We conclude that MIS in pediatric cancer patients is a safe and effective diagnostic modality. The role of MIS for primary tumor resection remains to be defined.     

Thoracoscopic treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax in children

Background/purpose

This study describes the authors experience and results with thoracoscopic treatment of spontaneous pneumotrorax (SP) in 22 children.

Methods

A total of 32 thoracoscopic procedures were performed in 22 children. The patients ranged in age from 9 to 21 years at the time of their first thoracoscopy. SP was primary in 9 and secondary in 13 patients. Pleurodesis was performed in all thoracoscopies using talc in 28 and pleural abrasion in 4 procedures. In 2 of these, apical pleurectomy was added to abrasion. Blebectomy was the additional surgical procedure associated with pleurodesis in 4 patients.

Results

Thoracoscopy usually was performed with the patient under general anesthesia. In children with severe respiratory insufficiency, regional anesthesia was used. The mean operative time was 42.6 minutes (range, 8 to 114 minutes). The mean time of postoperative chest tube drainage was 4.6 days (range, 2 to 12 days). Three patients with cystic fibrosis had prolonged air leak lasting longer than 7 days after thoracoscopy. None of them required an additional surgical intervention, and the air leak ceased in 8, 8, and 12 days with continuous suction. One patient required a repeat thoracoscopy for bleeding from an intercostal artery on postoperative day one. The mean follow-up was 4 years (range, 2.5 months to 14 years). There have been 2 partial recurrences (6.25%), both in patients with secondary SP, which were treated by a repeat thoracoscopy and talc pleurodesis.

Conclusions

Thoracoscopic treatment of SP is safe and effective in children. It can be performed under regional anesthesia also in children with severe respiratory insufficiency. Because the complications and recurrences are encountered more frequently in children with an underlying lung disease, special care in surgical manipulation is required in this subgroup of patients with SP.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸腺疾病

目的:探讨电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸腺疾病的手术方法和疗效.方法:自1998年4月～2005年10月应用胸腔镜手术治疗胸腺瘤和胸腺伴随综合征(重症肌无力或单纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血)16例.结果:所有手术均在胸腔镜下完成,无中转开胸者.手术时间平均为132 min,术中平均出血量50 mL,术后平均放置胸管时间48 h,平均住院时间6 d,平均随诊3.2年,无肿瘤复发.结论:胸腔镜治疗1期胸腺瘤和重症肌无力具有创伤小、恢复快等显著优势,短期随诊疗效满意.     

胸腔镜在恶性胸腔积液诊断和治疗上的应用

目的　探讨胸腔镜在恶性胸腔积液诊断和治疗上的价值。方法　对15例原因不明的胸腔积液患者作胸腔镜检查,并经胸腔镜喷入滑石粉及顺铂治疗。结果　所有病例经胸腔镜行活检均确诊为恶性病变,总诊断率为100%。经滑石粉喷入和顺铂局部治疗后14例获得完全的胸膜固定,持久的成功率为93.3%。结论　胸腔镜对胸腔积液病因诊断有较高临床实用价值,滑石粉胸膜固定加顺铂治疗是控制恶性胸腔积液、治疗晚期癌症的一种有效方法。     

胸、腹腔镜联合全喉切除治疗颈段食管癌

目的探讨胸、腹腔镜联合全喉切除治疗颈段食管的可行性和疗效。方法2009年1月一2014年7月胸、腹腔镜联合全喉切除治疗33例颈段食管癌。胸腔镜下分离食管、腹腔镜下管胃成形、全喉切除、气管永久造口、胃咽吻合术。结果胸部手术时间40～66min,平均53min;腹部手术时间35～51min,平均44rain;颈部手术时间128～150min,平均139min。术中出血量130～270ml,平均150ml。术后住院时间8～14d,平均12d。病理均为鳞状细胞癌,其中高分化2例,中分化19例,中一低分化7例,低分化5例。切缘病理学检查无癌组织残留。31例淋巴结转移。并发症：吻合口漏2例,喉返神经损伤3例,肺部感染6例,胃排空障碍2例,吻合口狭窄1例,无死亡病例。33例随访1个月～5年,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为87．9％、54．5％、45．5％。结论颈段食管癌应采取积极的手术治疗,胃咽吻合术是颈段食管癌切除后较为理想的修复手段。     

Lobectomy with extended lymph node dissection by video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer

Background: Between September 1992 and September 1996, we performed 88 VATS (video-assisted thoracic surgery) lobectomies and two VATS pneumonectomies. Methods: The indications for surgery were 68 cases of lung cancer, nine cases of bronchiectasis, six cases of tuberculosis, and seven cases of benign lesions. Of the 68 cases of lung cancer, 36 were treated by VATS lobectomy with extended lymph node dissection for clinical stage I lung cancer, making full use of recently developed devices for thoracoscopic surgery, such as roticulating endoscissors, miniretractors, endoclips, and harmonic scalpels. Results: Twenty-four lymph nodes were resected on average (range, 10 to 51) by VATS. This number was comparable to lymph nodes resected in open thoracotomy during the same period. Among the 36 patients who underwent extended lymph node dissection, 20 showed no lymph node metastasis postoperatively (stage I), while 16 had N1 or N2 cancer. All patients with stage I cancer have survived 4 to 36 months (median: 17 months) with no signs of recurrence. Conclusions: This survival of stage I lung cancer after VATS is comparable to that of open thoracotomy. We thus believe that VATS lobectomy with extended lymph node dissection can be an alternative to standard posterolateral thoracotomy for stage I lung cancer. Received: 10 May 1996/Accepted: 19 November 1996     

无腹部切口的胸、腹腔镜联合IvorLewis食管癌根治术12例报告

目的探讨胸、腹腔镜联合Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术的可行性和近期疗效。方法 2010年9月～2012年3月,胸、腹腔镜联合行Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术12例,腹腔镜下游离胃并清扫腹腔淋巴结,胸腔镜下游离胸段食管,清扫胸部淋巴结,上提胃入胸腔并制作管状胃,于胸腔内行食管胃吻合。结果 12例均顺利完成手术,无中转开胸、开腹,手术时间220～320 min,平均260 min,其中腹腔镜手术时间80～150 min,胸腔镜手术时间70～170 min;术中出血量100～280 ml,平均200 ml。术后4～8 d（平均5.2 d）拔除胸腔闭式引流管,胸腔引流总量480～1040 ml。清扫腹腔及胸腔淋巴结6～12枚,平均8.2枚,其中3例发现阳性淋巴结。术后住院8～11 d,平均9 d。术后无严重并发症,恢复顺利。12例随访3～14个月,平均12个月,无肿瘤复发或转移。结论胸、腹腔镜联合行Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术可行,近期疗效满意。     

针型胸腔镜在晚期肺癌病理学诊断和分期中的价值

目的 探讨针型胸腔镜活检术在晚期肺癌病理学诊断和分期中的临床应用价值。方法 对经胸部螺旋CT和磁共振(MRI)检查临床诊断为Ⅲa～Ⅳ期肺癌，行痰、胸液细胞学和纤维支气管镜等检查，未能获得病理诊断的94例患，施行针型胸腔镜肺内原发病灶、纵隔淋巴结、肺内和胸壁转移病灶组织活检术。结果 94例患中89例经针型胸腔镜取得病理学标本，成功率为95％；术后病理均诊断为肺癌，其中腺癌47例，鳞癌23例，腺鳞癌12例，小细胞肺癌7例。经胸腔镜活检病理检查后，15例(17％)肺癌患病理分期得到更正；4例发生气胸，11例出现轻度皮下气肿，2例出现少量咯血；89例患术后8～18个月均获随访并行螺旋CT检查，无胸壁针道的肺癌种植性转移。结论 对常规检查方法不能明确病理诊断和病理分期的晚期肺癌患，针型胸腔镜活检术可作为一种有效的确诊手段。     

电视胸腔镜辅助胸腺切除术

目的探讨电视胸腔镜辅助胸腺切除的临床应用价值. 方法 2002年9月～2004年6月,18例胸腺疾病和重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)行胸腔镜辅助下胸腺切除手术,其中胸腺全切7例,11例MG行胸腺扩大切除. 结果 17例在胸腔镜辅助下完成, 1例中转小切口(7 cm)开胸手术.3例MG术后须短暂呼吸机辅助通气(<12 h),二次气管插管1例,余无严重并发症,无手术死亡.手术时间47～115 min,平均95 min;胸腔引流时间1.2～2.6 d,平均2 d;术后住院时间4～9 d,平均5.5 d.9例良性胸腺瘤或胸腺囊肿随访3～20个月,平均13个月,无复发.11例MG随访3～19个月,平均10个月,4例症状完全缓解,7例都分缓解. 结论胸腔镜辅助下胸腺切除手术,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点,胸腔镜下胸腺扩大切除治疗重症肌无力在技术上是可行的.