Mammary artery harvesting using the Da Vinci Si robotic system

Internal mammary artery harvesting is an essential part of any coronary artery bypass operation. Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass graft surgery has become reality in many centers as a safe and effective alternative to conventional surgery in selected patients. Internal mammary artery harvesting is the initial part of the procedure and should be performed equally safely if one wants to achieve excellence in patency rates for the bypass. We here describe the technique for mammary harvesting with the Da Vinci Si robotic system.     

Bilateral approach for thoracoscopic esophagectomy with lymph node dissection in the dorsal area of the thoracic aorta in patients with esophageal cancer: A report of two cases

IntroductionThe incidence of lymph node metastasis in the dorsal area of the thoracic aorta (DTA) is relatively low in patients with esophageal cancer. It is difficult to approach the DTA using surgical procedures, such as an open thoracotomy and thoracoscopy in the left decubitus position.Case presentationCase 1: A 70-year-old man with esophageal cancer underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection via a right thoracoscopic approach, followed by lymphadenectomy in the DTA via left thoracoscopy in the prone position. Microscopic findings revealed two metastatic lymph nodes in the DTA. The definitive diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, and the pathological stage was T2N3M0 (Union for International Cancer Control [UICC], 7th edition). The patient showed lung metastasis 8 months after the surgery. Case 2: A 72-year-old man with esophageal cancer underwent esophagectomy via a bilateral approach in the prone position, using a similar procedure as in case 1. The definitive diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, and the pathological stage was T3N2M0. The patient showed a metastatic mediastinal lymph node 4 months after the surgery.ConclusionBilateral thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position can be safely performed, and it might be an alternative curative surgery for esophageal cancer. However, both our cases showed metastasis in the early postoperative period. The long-term outcome and significance of dissection of lymph nodes in the DTA in patients with esophageal cancer remains controversial. Further studies are required to establish the indications and efficacy of this therapeutic approach.     

胸腔镜手术治疗自发性气胸的临床探讨

目的：探讨胸腔镜结合腋下小切口治疗自发性气胸的临床疗效。方法随机选取2009年1月-2014年1月该院胸外科收治的自发性气胸患者72例,观察组36例,胸腔镜结合腋下小切口手术治疗;对照组36例,行传统的手术方法。术后对两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、引流管拔出时间、住院时间及并发症比较分析。结果观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量、引流管拔出时间、住院天数及并发症均少于对照组（P<0.05）。结论胸腔镜结合腋下小切口手术治疗减少了手术时间、术中出血量、引流管拔出时间、住院时间及术后并发症,值得临床推广。     

三维胸腔镜辅助下心脏外科手术50例

目的 总结三维(3D)胸腔镜辅助下心脏外科手术的疗效和安全性.方法 对2013年10月至2014年7月50例3D胸腔镜辅助下心脏手术进行回顾性分析,包括房间隔缺损修补术5例,室间隔缺损修补术1例,三房心、无顶冠状窦综合征及部分型心内膜垫缺损矫治术各1例,二尖瓣置换术28例(含再次手术1例),三尖瓣置换术1例,二尖瓣成形术9例,左房黏液瘤切除术2例及左乳内动脉采集术+小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术1例.采用Karl Storz 3D摄像系统、30°胸腔镜、高清3D显示屏及配套手术器械,股动静脉及经颈上腔静脉插管建立体外循环,在3D图像引导下完成胸内操作.结果 全组无围术期死亡,其中因心包粘连中转正中开胸1例.平均手术时间(232.8 ±54.7)min,体外循环时间(128.0±42.5)min,主动脉阻断时间(74.7 ± 25.1) min.平均ICU停留时间(30.4±22.0)h,呼吸机辅助通气时间(13.7±11.9)h.平均胸腔引流时间(3.34±1.91)天,平均住院时间(6.52±3.06)天.术后并发症11例(22％),包括术后出血4例,切口感染1例,胸腔积液3例,臂丛神经损伤1例,顽固性呃逆1例,轻度瓣周漏1例.与同期20例2D胸腔镜下二尖瓣置换术对比,3D组手术时间、体外循环时间及主动脉阻断时间无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 3D胸腔镜辅助下心脏外科手术是安全可行的,值得进一步推广和普及.     

胸腔镜辅助冠状动脉旁路移植术的应用

【摘要】〓目的〓研究全胸腔镜下冠状动脉旁路移植术临床应用体会。方法〓2005年9月至2013年7月,冠心病患者共9例,男性5例,女性4例。均在电视胸腔镜下游离乳内动脉,行胸腔镜下冠状动脉旁路移植术。其中8例行非体外循环下左乳内动脉与前降支吻合,1例在体外循环下行房间隔缺损修补术,同期行右乳内动脉与右冠状动脉吻合。结果〓9例患者均手术成功。乳内动脉游离时间为31~47 min(39.3±5.9 min)。乳内动脉与冠状动脉的吻合时间为6~7 min(5.2±1.4 min)。术后ICU停留时间为2~4 d。术后9~12 d顺利出院。结论〓全胸腔镜下游离乳内动脉行冠状动脉旁路移植术近期效果良好。     

胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除350例临床分析

目的：分析胸腹腔镜联合食管切除术（ TLE ）治疗食管癌的临床效果及学习曲线。方法回顾性分析2008年2月至2013年10月四川大学华西医院胸外科连续行TLE的350例患者临床资料,分析患者的术中及术后情况,评价该术式的临床疗效;根据患者接受TLE手术日期的顺序,将TLE开展的早期阶段150例病例平均分为3组,即TLE 1组、TLE 2组及TLE 3组,每组50例,比较3组间的围手术期指标,以分析该术式的学习曲线。结果全组无术中死亡病例,29例（8．3％）患者出现术中并发症,术中中转手术13例（3．7％,开胸9例、开腹4例）。全组手术时间为230～780（平均332．5） min,术中出血量为15～4000（平均160．8） ml。其中,R0切除333例（95．1％）,清扫淋巴结6～42（平均21．6）枚／例。术后住院时间为7～93（平均11．6） d。术后出现并发症75例（21．4％）,术后30 d内死亡3例（0．8％）。与TLE 1组比较,TLE 2组的手术时间、术中失血量、术后住院时间及术后并发症的发生率明显较低,淋巴结清扫数目明显较多（均P＜0．05）。TLE 3组除手术失血量明显少于TLE 2组外,两组间的其他围手术期指标差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0．05）。结论 TLE在技术上安全可行,且能够达到与传统食管癌手术相同的根治效果,是治疗食管癌的可选手术方式。开展TLE约50例后可基本掌握TLE的手术技巧。     

电视辅助胸腔镜手术在慢性结核性脓胸治疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨电视辅助胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)在慢性结核性脓胸治疗中的应用效果和安全性。方法 回顾性搜集2015年1月至2017年12月西安市胸科医院胸外科治疗的82例慢性结核性脓胸患者的年龄、性别、病程、病变部位等临床资料,并根据患者施行的手术方式分为VATS组(42例)和开胸手术组(40例)。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间、拔管时间及并发症发生情况,肺功能恢复状况[主要指标包括用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力肺活量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV₁)、肺总量(total lung capacity,TLC)],随访2年后的复发情况。结果 VATS组的术中出血量[(284.70±40.47)ml]、术后引流量[(687.40±78.58)ml],均明显低于开胸手术组[分别为(309.90±58.82)ml和(748.00±65.22)ml],差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.27和3.79,P值分别为0.03和0.00);VATS组和开胸手术组的手术时间[(130.54±14.95)min vs (135.30±13.09)min]、住院时间[(12.30±2.54)d vs (11.70±2.06)d] 及拔管时间[(6.80±1.32)d vs (6.56±1.03)d]差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.53、1.17、0.92,P值分别为0.13、0.25、0.36)。VATS组术后肺功能指标中FVC[(3.41±0.64)L]、FEV₁[(3.45±0.56)L]、TLC[(5.82±0.87)L]与开胸手术组比较[分别为(3.26±0.89)L、(3.34±0.73)L、(5.78±0.35)L],差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为0.79、0.50、0.26,P值分别为0.43、0.60、0.81)。VATS组术后并发症发生率为11.9%(5/42),明显低于开胸手术组的30.0%(12/40),差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.08,P<0.05)。随访2年后,开胸手术组复发率为5.0%(2/40),VATS组无复发,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.15,P=0.14)。结论 对慢性结核性脓胸患者实施VATS,术中出血量、术后引流量及术后并发症发生率低,值得临床推应用。     

经内科胸腔镜胸膜病变活检对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的 评价经内科胸腔镜胸膜病变活检对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值及安全性。方法 2015年6月至2018年10月,首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院、首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院、北京积水潭医院、卫生部北京医院等4家临床中心采用前瞻性多中心诊断试验方法,对参照入组标准顺序纳入的229例不明原因胸腔积液的入院患者行内科胸腔镜检查,并对活检留取胸膜病变组织标本行结核分枝杆菌GeneXpert MTB/RIF(简称“GeneXpert”)和BACTEC MGIT 960培养(简称“MGIT 960”)及常规病原学检测和病理学检查。结果 229例患者经内科胸腔镜取胸膜活检组织行病理学和病原学检查结果显示,临床不能明确诊断者23例(10.0%),确诊者为206例(90.0%),其中129例(56.3%)确诊为结核性胸膜炎,77例(33.6%)诊断为其他原因所致的胸腔积液。胸膜活检组织经GeneXpert或MGIT 960检测结核感染的阳性率[分别为27.9%(64/229)和17.0%(39/229)]与病理学检测阳性率[(23.1%,53/229)]比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.32,P=0.251;χ²=2.67,P=0.103);但GeneXpert+MGIT 960联合检测的阳性率[32.8%(75/229)]明显高于传统病理学检测(χ²=5.25,P=0.022)。结核性胸膜炎患者的胸腔镜镜下特征性表现在纤维粘连带[70.5%(91/129)]、弥漫性粟粒结节状病灶[41.1%(53/129)]、纤维素沉积[40.3%(52/129)]等方面均明显高于其他原因胸腔积液者[分别为32.5%(25/77)、6.5%(5/77)、15.6%(12/77)],但散在多发结节状病灶[26.4%(34/129)]明显低于其他原因胸腔积液者[53.2%(41/77)](χ²=28.41、28.52、24.42、15.06,P值均=0.000)。229例患者胸腔镜术后均未出现严重不良事件,224例(97.8%)有轻中度胸痛,口服止痛药2~3 d后可缓解;134例(58.5%)活检部位有少量出血,107(46.7%)例局部皮下气肿,均未给予特殊处理,拔管后2~3 d内吸收;仅2例患者术后出现脓胸,引流管留置14 d后行胸腔镜胸膜剥离术,随访6个月后均安全拔管。结论 内科胸腔镜镜下表现、胸膜病变活检组织标本病理和病原学检测均有助于结核性胸膜炎的诊断,而且安全性高,建议临床大力推广应用。     

Thoracoscopic Talc Pleurodesis for the Treatment of Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Background: During the Belgian Surgical Week in May 2004 some controversy existed on the optimal treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. Doubts raised about the safety of talc in performing pleurodesis because of reported complications.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of thoracoscopic pleurodesis with talc was performed. Patients operated for spontaneous pneumothorax were analysed focusing on complications and freedom of recurrence. A literature search was performed on complications from the use of talc to treat pleural disease. Results: From September 1999 till August 2004 forty-one patients had a thoracoscopic pleurodesis with talc. In 21 patients this was performed for recurrent malignant pleural effusion and in 20 for spontaneous pneumothorax. In 5 of these 20 patients we faced a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. In seven patients an apical pulmonary wedge resection of bullae was performed. No intra-operative or serious postoperative complications were seen in these patients. All drains were removed after 4 to 6 days. No episodes of respiratory insufficiency occurred. No recurrence was encountered during a mean follow-up of 22.7 months.

Conclusion: Thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis for spontaneous pneumothorax was effective and safe in our experience. In the literature no convincing evidence against the use of talc to treat pleural disease was found. Although some cases of ARDS are attributed to the pleural administration of talc, the incidence of complications after talc poudrage appears to be low.