Atrial natriuretic peptide and verapamil can prevent gentamicin induced acute renal failure in the rat

Summary: Calcium channel blockers are able to improve renal function in acute renal failure (ARF) and natriuretic peptides can also exert beneficial effects. At present it is unknown whether administration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and a calcium channel blocker given before a toxic lesion can prevent gentamicin induced ARF. the mechanisms of action of natriuretic peptides and calcium channel blockers are different and, as yet, it has not been clarified if combined administration can augment the effects on renal function. After a basal period we investigated the effects of verapamil (VER, 0.66 mg/kg), ANP, (30 μg/kg) and a combination of both (identical doses as described individually). the drugs were given intravenously for a period of 40 min (infusion period) before gentamicin (15 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered for induction of ARF. Basal values for glomerular filtration rate (GFR, mL/min) were around 1.8 with no differences between the groups. At the end of the infusion period (before application of gentamicin) GFR was significantly elevated with VER + ANP (3.13 ± 0.51), ANP (2.70 ± 0.59) and VER (2.34 ± 0.47) compared to controls (saline, 1.7 ± 0.48). After application of gentamicin GFR significantly dropped in the control group (0.77 ± 0.21, 0.75 ± 0.19, respectively), indicating development of ARF. In contrast with VER + ANP, ANP and VER GFR could be maintained for 30 min (2.47 ± 0.39, 2.28 ± 0.33, 2.22 ± 0.43, respectively) and 130 min (2.11 ± 0.32, 1.86 ± 0.29, 2.11 ± 0.28, respectively) after gentamicin. Moreover ANP and VER revealed natriuretic activity and, due to their vasorelaxing potency, also influenced arterial blood pressure. We conclude that both VER and ANP are able to prevent early gentamicin induced ARF when given before the toxic lesion. Both drugs induce hyperfiltration while infused, in particular when administered in combination.     

铅的肾细胞毒性及锌的保护作用

铅的肾细胞毒性及锌的保护作用陈卫平，刘世杰（北京医科大学公共卫生学院，１０００８３）本实验采用由猪肾脏起源建株并具有肾近曲小管功能的ＬＬＣ－ＰＫ１细胞系，从细胞水平上研究了铅对肾细胞的毒性及锌的保护作用。所选用的指标为细胞存活率和上清液中的乳酸脱氢酶...     

Virulent and attenuated canine distemper virus infects multiple dog brain cell types in vitro.

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) produces an encephalitis in dogs that varies with viral strain. We have studied the cell tropisms of two virulent strains (CDV-SH and CDV A75-17) and an attenuated strain, Rockborn (CDV-RO), in cultured canine brain cells. Infected cell types were identified by double immunofluorescent labeling of specific cell markers and viral antigens. All viral strains studied produced infection in astrocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Neurons were not infected by CDV A75-17 but were rapidly infected by CDV-SH and CDV-RO. Multipolar oligodendrocytes were very rarely infected by any of the virus strains. In contrast, a morphologically distinct subset of bipolar oligodendrocytes were commonly infected by CDV-SH and CDV-RO. The kinetics of infection in the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, and macrophages varied between strains. Both CDV-SH and CDV-RO rapidly infected bipolar oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons, and macrophages by 14 days post infection while infection by CDV A75-17 was delayed until after 28-35 days post infection. The differences in the growth kinetics and cell tropisms for some brain cells, exhibited by the three viral strains examined in this in vitro study, may relate to the different CNS symptoms that these strains produce in vivo.     

A VIP antagonist distinguishes VIP receptors on spinal cord cells and lymphocytes

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide which also interacts with cells of the immune system. The paucity of specific VIP receptor antagonists has hampered studies of possible receptor heterogeneity and of VIP function. To aid in achieving these goals, a new VIP antagonist, a hybrid between neurotensin and VIP, has been synthesized. This peptide interacted with VIP receptors on spinal cord cells with an affinity 10-fold greater than VIP itself. In contrast, 1000-fold higher concentrations of the antagonist were required to displace labeled VIP from its receptor on lymphoid cells as compared to VIP itself, suggesting VIP receptor heterogeneity between immune and spinal cord cells.     

联合检测自发凋亡率及p27kip1在膀胱移行细胞癌中的意义

目的探讨自发凋亡率、p27kip1在人膀胱移行细胞癌中表达的临床意义。方法采用TUNEL法检测自发凋亡细胞,用S’P法检测p27kip1基因在50例膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达,分析各检测指标在上述标本中的表达及与膀胱移行细胞癌分级、临床分期间的关系。结果在膀胱移行细胞癌中,自发凋亡率AI均数为(3.0±1.5)%,p27kip1基因的阳性表达率为58.0%(29/50)。其二者的阳性表达均随膀胱癌分级、分期的升高而降低。p27kip1蛋白阳性组中AI均数显著高于p27kip1蛋白阴性组(P<0.05)。结论p27kip1蛋白和自发凋亡率与肿瘤的恶性程度和进展密切相关,联合检测p27kip1和自发凋亡率有助于更准确地解释和描述膀胱癌的生物学行为。     

潘南金在急性心肌梗死治疗中的作用

目的探讨潘南金在急性心肌梗死(AMI)治疗中改善恶性心律失常及心功能的作用。方法将患者随机分为潘南金组及对照组各40例,在AMI常规治疗基础上,潘南金组予潘南金注射液40mL加入5%葡萄糖注射液500mL中静脉点滴,1次/d;同时加服片剂2片/次,3次/d。对照组则予极化液静点,1次/d。2组均在CCU监护1周后转入普通病房,共治疗3～4周。结果恶性心律失常发生率潘南金组为25%,对照组为65%,2组比较P<0.01。出院时心功能NYHA分级改善2级以上者,潘南金组为58%,对照组为45%,2组比较P<0.05。结论对AMI患者尽早应用潘南金治疗,可明显降低恶性心律失常发生率和改善心功能,且不良反应少,可列为常规用药。     

血钙水平与肾癌肿瘤大小、分期的相关性分析

目的分析肾细胞癌患者血钙水平和肿瘤大小与分期的相关性，从而进一步发现与病情相关的规律和了解病情。方法按照血钙水平将肿瘤大小／分期相应地分3组，即降低、正常和升高各3组。利用SPSS10．0软件，对3组不同的肿瘤大小／分期病例进行差异性分析和相关性研究。结果3组不同的肿瘤大小差异性分析（Kruskal-wallisH）显示，X^2=4．768，df=2，P=0．092；Spearman相关分析显示相关系数为．0．166，P=0．029。3组不同的肿瘤分期差异性分析（Kruskal-Wallis H）显示，X^2=4、277，df=2，P=0．118；Spearman相关系数为．0．157，P=-0．039。结论3组不同的肿瘤大小之间差异性无统计学意义，血钙水平与肿瘤大小间存在负相关；3组不同的肿瘤分期之间差异性无统计学意义，血钙水平与肿瘤分期间存在负相关。     

In vivo MRI of cancer cell fate at the single-cell level in a mouse model of breast cancer metastasis to the brain.

Metastasis (the spread of cancer from a primary tumor to secondary organs) is responsible for most cancer deaths. The ability to follow the fate of a population of tumor cells over time in an experimental animal would provide a powerful new way to monitor the metastatic process. Here we describe a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that permits the tracking of breast cancer cells in a mouse model of brain metastasis at the single-cell level. Cancer cells that were injected into the left ventricle of the mouse heart and then delivered to the brain were detectable on MR images. This allowed the visualization of the initial delivery and distribution of cells, as well as the growth of tumors from a subset of these cells within the whole intact brain volume. The ability to follow the metastatic process from the single-cell stage through metastatic growth, and to quantify and monitor the presence of solitary undivided cells will facilitate progress in understanding the mechanisms of brain metastasis and tumor dormancy, and the development of therapeutics to treat this disease.     

Phenotypic and genetic analyses of T-cell-mediated immunoregulation in patients with Type 1 diabetes.

AIMS: To investigate the contribution of regulatory T cells and co-stimulatory molecules in CD4(+) T cells to the development of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS: Twelve patients with T1D, nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 12 age-matched healthy control subjects participated. We analysed the proportions of CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells and natural killer T cells (NKT cells), and the expression levels of Foxp3, CTLA-4, CD28, ICOS, PD-1 and BTLA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified CD4(+) T cells. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the proportions of CD25(+) CD4(+) T cells or NKT cells among the three groups. PD-1 expression levels of peripheral CD4(+) T cells from T1D patients were significantly lower than those from healthy control subjects (P = 0.00066). In contrast, PD-1 expression levels were similar in SLE patients and healthy control subjects. The expression levels of Foxp3, CTLA-4, CD28, ICOS and BTLA were similar in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased expression of the PD-1 gene in CD4(+) T cells may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of autoimmune T1D. As the population studied was small and heterogeneous, further studies are required to confirm the findings.