Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and its role in Graves' disease

The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, or thyrotropin) receptor (TSHR) mediates the activating action of TSH to the thyroid gland, resulting in the growth and proliferation of thyrocytes and thyroid hormone production. In Graves' disease, thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies can mimic TSH action and stimulate thyroid cells. This leads to hyperthyroidism and abnormal overproduction of thyroid hormone. TSHR-antibodies-binding epitopes on the receptor molecule are well studied. Mechanism of TSHR-autoantibodies production is more or less clear but a susceptibility gene, which is linked to their production, is still unknown. Genetic studies show no linkage between the TSHR gene and Graves' disease. Among three common polymorphisms in the TSHR gene, only the D727E germline polymorphism in the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor showed an association with the disease, and this association is weak. The absence of a strong genetic effect of the TSHR polymorphisms in such a common and complex disorder as Graves' disease may be explained by a high degree of evolutionary conservation in TSHR. This can be shown by naturally existing germline and somatic mutations in the TSHR gene that cause various types of nonautoimmune and hereditary thyroid disease.     

Radiography and research: A United Kingdom perspective

In the past two decades radiography has experienced a wealth of changes, involving the teaching site, learning methods, curriculum, professional status, educational funding, and public expectations. Consequently this period witnessed the transition of radiography from a mainly hospital-linked to a mainly university-linked degree, from a knowledge-based discipline to an evidence-based practice. The early 1990s saw the establishment of graduate programs, the role expansion of radiographers, the technological advancements in medical imaging, the participation of the Radiography Schools in Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) schemes.Given the educational, technological and social advancements the engagement of radiographers in research is emphasized as a priority that will bring the profession forward and help to maintain high standards of patient care.Research in radiography is a requirement, as by definition professions are expected to contribute to the body of knowledge necessary for a profession to progress. Funding, ethical considerations, mentorship, proficiency in research methodology, commitment, and ability to work in a multi-disciplinary team are just a few of the requirements for high quality radiography research.There has been a definite increase in the number of radiographers who are research aware and active as well as in the number of radiographers who pursue purely academic and research careers. However intensification of personal efforts and formulation of strategic decisions are required so that research forms an integral part of the profession. Recent developments in strengthening the research base of radiography are encouraging.     

论高校心理健康工作中专家的角色扮演

充分发挥专家的作用是保证高校心理健康工作高度专业化和进一步发展的关键因素,专家们最重要的角色应该是整体工作的谋划者,保证工作方向的正确性和高效性,其次是参与到具体的心理工作中,扮演心理知识传授者、咨询工作督导者、心理危机干预者、疑难杂症甄别者和教育师资培训者。     

兴趣在大学生学习中的作用与培养

在大学教学和学习中,学习兴趣是引导学生追求知识的最关键非智力因素之一,兴趣在目前的教育教学中受到越来越多的重视。本文主要论述了兴趣在大学生学习生活中的作用、个人应如何对待自身的兴趣以及作为教育工作者该如何引导和培养学生的学习兴趣,从而改善学习效果。     

我国医院药师在医疗机构中的定位与作用

目的:明确新医改形势下我国医院药师在医疗机构中的定位与作用。方法:介绍我国现有药师的分类并分析探讨其职责和定位。结果与结论:我国现有药师按专业不同可分为药师、中药师和临床药师;按职称职务可分为药士、药师、主管药师、副主任药师和主任药师;按是否注册可分为药师和执业药师。他们主要在医院药剂科、研究所、制药企业的研究部门、药检所以及药品的生产和流通等部门从事相关工作。医院药师在医疗机构中具有独立性、辅助性、经济性和结构上的立体性。在新医改政策下,医院药师并不是要放弃传统的医院药学工作,而是要增加临床药学的工作内容,使医院药师的队伍不断壮大,功能更加完善。传统的医院药学工作和现代的临床药学工作是相互促进、相互支撑的,都是医疗工作中不可或缺的组成部分,只有在做好传统医院药师本职工作的基础上来开展临床药学活动,才是医院药师正确的发展之道。     

药剂管理在医院中的作用及运行分析

目的对在医院中加强药剂管理的应用效果进行探讨和分析。方法探讨和分析我院2012年2月至2013年11月期间在用药过程中发生的安全隐患,于2013年伊始加强药剂管理,观察和分析加强药剂管理的应用效果。结果加强药剂管理前药品报损率明显高于管理后,过期药品数和调配差错例数明显多于管理后,加强药剂管理前后药品管理问题发生情况差异显著(P<0.05)。结论在医院中加强药剂管理能够提升药品管理质量,减少不良用药事件的发生,提高患者的用药安全。     

掌握国际动态发挥中国在国际药品不良反应药品中的作用

药品安全性问题是全球共同关注的焦点,药品不良反应监测是发现上市药品安全隐患的重要手段.应在全面掌握国际药品不良反应监测工作发展动态的前提下,建立一套具有中国特色的药品不良反应监测体系,充分发挥中国在国际药品不良反应监测中的作用.     

角色互换法在中医院校医学实验基本操作技能教学中的应用

通过在医学实验基本操作技能课中采用师生角色互换法,并对其进行操作考试和问卷调查比较,结果表明,62.5%的同学对新的教学方法表示认同,认为其可以激发学习兴趣,调动学习积极性、主动性,拓宽知识面,提高动手操作能力、解决问题的能力、知识理解力和语言表达能力,可增进师生交流,值得进一步推广应用;37.5%的同学对新的教学方法不认同,笔者对其进行了简单的分析。     

医院中药制剂的作用和地位探讨

目的:探讨医院中药制剂在中医药工作中的作用,为医院中药制剂的发展提供参考。方法:从医院中药制剂的角度出发,分析我国医院中药制剂研发、配制、使用在中医药发展链中重要的地位和作用。结果与结论:医院中药制剂的研究和配制不仅弥补了产业化生产的不足,还在传统中医药的继承和创新中占有一定的位置。     

Burnout and the Catalytic Role of the Supervisor

Research and the literature suggest that burnout is on the rise and will drastically increase in the future. This paper considers the catalytic role of the supervisor even in a highly bureaucratized agency structure, as an agent to confront and counteract the realities of burnout. It also discusses the interaction of bureaucracy and burnout, the central role of the supervisor in influencing this interaction, and offers specific guidelines for preventing and combating the multilevel effects of burnout.