18F-FDG符合线路代谢显像在肺部病变影像诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨¹⁸F-FDG符合线路代谢显像在肺部病变影像诊断中的价值。方法 选择2015年3月至2018年1月在铜陵市人民医院核医学科行¹⁸F-FDG符合线路代谢显像检查的48例肺部病变患者,对其代谢图像分别采用目测法及半定量法进行分析判断,比较2种方法的诊断价值。结果 48例患者在¹⁸F-FDG符合线路代谢显像中以目测法等级3级作为恶性病变的诊断标准,其诊断价值较高,阴性预测值、阳性预测值、敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为70.00%、86.84%、91.67%、58.33%和83.33%。良恶性病变半定量参数靶区与非靶区比值（T/NT值）的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,以T/NT值为诊断标准作非参数法拟合受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）,曲线下面积约为0.50,其诊断效能较低。依据ROC曲线得出T/NT值诊断肺部恶性病变的阈值为13.25,其诊断价值的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为50.00%、80.00%和50.00%。结论 ¹⁸F-FDG符合线路代谢显像在肺部病变的诊断与鉴别诊断中目测法较半定量参数T/NT值诊断价值高,应用简便。     

Contemporary prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in adult congenital heart disease following the updated clinical classification

Background

The aging congenital heart disease (CHD) population is prone to develop a variety of sequelae, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previous prevalence estimates are limited in applicability due to the use of tertiary centers, or database encoding only. We aimed to investigate the contemporary prevalence of PAH in adult CHD patients, using a nationwide population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed, using the population-based Dutch CONgenital CORvitia (CONCOR) registry. All patients born with a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, thereby at risk of developing PAH, were identified. From this cohort, a random sample was obtained and carefully reviewed.

Results

Of 12,624 registered adults with CHD alive in 2011, 5,487 (44%) were at risk of PAH. The random sample consisted of 1,814 patients (mean age 40 ± 15 years) and 135 PAH cases were observed. PAH prevalence in patients born with a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt was 7.4%. The prevalence of PAH after corrective cardiac surgery was remarkably high (5.7%). Furthermore, PAH prevalence increased with age, from 2.5% under 30 years until 35% in the eldest. PAH prevalence in the entire CHD population was 3.2%. Based on 3000 per million adult CHD patients in the general population, we can assume that PAH-CHD is present in 100 per million.

Conclusions

This new approach using a nationwide CHD population reports a PAH prevalence of 3.2% in CHD patients, and 100 per million in the general adult population. Especially in patients after shunt closure and the elderly, physicians should be aware of PAH-CHD, to provide optimal therapeutic and clinical care.     

2013～2018年安徽省老年肺结核疫情特征分析

目的 分析2013～2018年安徽省老年肺结核疫情特征,为制定老年肺结核防治策略提供参考依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学研究方法,分析2013～2018年安徽省老年肺结核患者疫情特征。结果 2013～2018年,安徽省活动性肺结核年平均登记率老年人高于全人群（χ²=55.061,P<0.001）;涂阳肺结核年平均登记率老年人高于全人群（χ²=21.840,P<0.001）,老年复治涂阳占全省复治涂阳的42.42%（3 379/7 965）;老年肺结核男女性别比为3.32∶1;安徽省所辖16个市以亳州、铜陵、池州老年肺结核年平均登记率最高。结论 安徽省老年肺结核疫情高于全人群,男性高于女性,亳州、铜陵、池州老年肺结核疫情重,需加强重点人群和重点地区的结核病防治工作。     

Recurrent shock and pulmonary edema due to acetazolamide medication after cataract surgery

Objective

We report a patient with recurrent shock and transient non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema within a period of two months – every time occurring after cataract surgery and a single oral dose of standard post-operative medication with acetazolamide.

Data sources

Records of the intensive care unit, review of the literature.

Conclusions

This case demonstrates a rare but severe side effect of acetazolamide. We also present a review of the literature to raise the awareness of health care providers for this special form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.     

Pulmonary rehabilitation improves heart rate variability at peak exercise,exercise capacity and health-related quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) appear to have impaired cardiac autonomic modulation with depressed heart rate variability (HRV). Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended as an integral part of the management. However, the effect of PR on HRV at peak exercise remains unclear.

Methods

Sixty-four patients with COPD participated in a 12-week, 2 sessions-per-week, hospital-based PR program. Baseline and post-PR status were evaluated by spirometry, HRV, health-related quality of life (HRQL, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, SGRQ), cardiopulmonary exercise test, respiratory muscle strength, and dyspnea Borg's scale.

Results

After PR, there were significant improvements in the time and frequency domains of HRV with increased standard deviation of the normal R–R intervals, difference between adjacent normal R–R intervals within a given time minus one, high-frequency and decreased low-frequency, as well as concurrent improvements in HRQL, exercise capacity, dyspnea score, and respiratory muscle strength (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

PR results in significant improvements in autonomic function, with concurrent improvements in HRQL and exercise capacity.     

Unresolved pulmonary embolism leading to a diagnosis of pulmonary artery sarcoma

Pulmonary artery sarcomas (PAS) are rare tumors with a poor prognosis. They are often misdiagnosed as pulmonary embolism (PE) leading to futile anticoagulation treatment and delay in proper diagnosis. We present a case of a patient who was initially misdiagnosed and anticoagulated for presumed pulmonary embolism. Progressive symptoms and additional imaging led to the diagnosis of intimal pulmonary artery sarcoma for which he underwent surgical resection. This case serves as a reminder to consider pulmonary artery sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of patients with dyspnea and filling defects on CT pulmonary angiogram offering the potential for resection prior to metastasis.     

Sinoatrial node electrical activity modulates pulmonary vein arrhythmogenesis

Background

Sinoatrial node (SAN) dysfunction increases the occurrences of atrial fibrillation (AF). The pulmonary veins (PVs) play a critical role in the pathophysiology of AF. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether SAN electrical activity can modulate PV arrhythmogenesis.

Methods

Conventional microelectrodes and multi-electrode array system were used to simultaneously record the electrical activity and conduction properties of rabbit SAN and PV tissue preparations with and without SAN–PV interruptions before and after perfusion with Anemonia sulcata toxin (ATX)-II (100 nM) or isoproterenol (1 μM).

Results

ATX-II significantly increased PV beating rates, which overdrove SAN electrical activity with the occurrences of PV burst firings in 5 (56%) of 9 tissue preparations, and induced SAN–PV conduction block in 6 (67%) of 9 preparations. After SAN–PV disconnection, ATX-II induced burst firing and early afterdepolarizations in 8 (89%) of 9 PVs. Moreover, the multi-electrode array found that ATX-II reversed the electrical conduction between the SAN and PV with an increase in electrical activity from 1.8 ± 0.6 to 2.9 ± 0.6 Hz (P < 0.05) in SAN–PV preparations (n = 7). In contrast, isoproterenol did not reverse electrical conduction between the SAN and PV with an increase in electrical activity from 1.8 ± 0.2 to 3.0 ± 0.3 Hz (P < 0.005) in SAN–PV preparations (n = 7).

Conclusions

SAN electrical activity modulates PV arrhythmogenesis. SAN–PV conduction blocks can increase PV arrhythmogenesis.