Precision and Accuracy of Measurements on CT Scout View

ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were to (1) investigate the limits of measurements on scout view in three computed tomography axes, x, y and z and (2) develop a model to provide better understanding of measurement accuracy.MethodsFor the first objective, anteroposterior and lateral scout views of a Catphan phantom 200 mm in diameter and length were acquired with a GE scanner at 21 different table heights. Phantom measurements on scout view were performed by two experienced readers. The comparison of their measures provided estimation of precision. The accuracy was assessed by determining the bias, calculated as the difference between the values measured on scout view and the real phantom size. Second, a model was developed investigating the relationship between the dimensions of the object, its image, and the table height. This relationship was tested on our data.ResultsScout view measurements were precise, with less than 0.53% difference between readers. In addition, small biases of about 1 mm were detected in the z-axis, whatever the table height. In the other axes, serious biases from −13 to +73 mm were measured. Furthermore, at isocentre, overestimations up to 7 mm were shown. The results also indicated that biases in scout view measurements are because of the geometrical projection related to the object-detector distance.ConclusionsMeasurements in the table movement axis are precise and accurate, conferring to scout views an added value for preoperative planning in orthopedic surgery.     

健康干预在肥胖中学生中所起的效果评价

目的：探讨健康干预应用于肥胖中学生的效果。方法：抽取张掖市第一中学肥胖中学生180例，随机分为观察组与对照组，观察组实施健康干预，对照组仅予以常规健康教育，比较两组肥胖改善情况。结果：观察组干预效果显著优于对照组（P＜0．05）；干预后观察组的 BMI、腰围、胸围及皮脂厚度均较对照组显著降低（P＜0．05）。结论：在肥胖中学生中实施健康干预有利于促进学生身体形态生长水平的改善，控制和降低学生 BMI和肥胖增长速度。     

Simeprevir added to peginterferon and ribavirin lessens time with fatigue,depressive symptoms and functional limitations in patients with chronic hepatitis C compared with peginterferon and ribavirin: results from 1161 patients in the QUEST‐1, QUEST‐2 and PROMISE studies

The value of adding simeprevir (SMV) vs placebo (PBO) to peginterferon and ribavirin (PR) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection was examined using patient‐reported outcomes (PROs); further, concordance of PROs with virology endpoints and adverse events (AEs) was explored. Patients (n = 768 SMV/PR, n = 393 PBO/PR) rated fatigue (FSS), depressive symptoms (CES‐D) and functional impairment (WPAI: Hepatitis C Productivity, Daily Activity and Absenteeism) at baseline and throughout treatment in three randomised, double‐blind trials comparing the addition of SMV or PBO during initial 12 weeks of PR. PR was administered for 48 weeks (PBO group) and 24/48 weeks (SMV group) using a response‐guided therapy (RGT) approach. Mean PRO scores (except Absenteeism) worsened from baseline to Week 4 to the same extent in both groups but reverted after Week 24 for SMV/PR and only after Week 48 for PBO/PR. Accordingly, there was a significantly lower area under the curve (baseline–Week 60, AUC₆₀) and fewer weeks with clinically important worsening of scores in the SMV/PR group at any time point. Incidences of patients with fatigue and anaemia AEs were similar in both groups, but FSS scores showed that clinically important increases in fatigue lasted a mean of 6.9 weeks longer with PBO/PR (P < 0.001). PRO score subgroup analysis indicated better outcomes for patients who met the criteria for RGT or achieved sustained virological response 12 weeks post‐treatment (SVR12); differences in mean PRO scores associated with fibrosis level were only observed with PBO/PR. Greater efficacy of SMV/PR enabled reduced treatment duration and reduced time with PR‐related AEs without adding to AE severity.     

基于仝小林院士脏腑风湿理论探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎康复期的中药治疗

仝小林院士将新型冠状病毒肺炎定名为"寒湿疫"，并以此理论为基础制定了初期、中期、重症期及恢复期的中医治疗方案，同时基于仝院士学术理论体系中的"脏腑风湿"理论，根据恢复期 "余毒未清，正虚邪恋"的病机特点，探讨其符合具备脏腑风湿行成3个基本要素：即外受寒湿裹挟戾气为必要外因；脏腑内虚为重要基础；邪疫伏留胶着，正邪交争为致病关键。故在辨证施治中可应用脏腑风湿理论以调理脾胃，化湿透邪，补益肺脾，顾护阳气，养阴生津。     

科研评价导向的改变对中文科技期刊的机遇与挑战

【目的】 值此《中国科技期刊研究》创刊30周年之际,思考科研评价体系的改变给中文科技期刊带来的影响,为中文期刊探寻发展路径。【方法】 结合对中文科技期刊困境的研究,提出应对策略。【结果】 近期国家陆续出台的纠偏评价导向的政策文件,为中文科技期刊既带来了发展机遇,也提出了挑战。【结论】 在重构符合中文科技期刊发展特点的评价体系的基础上,中文科技期刊应明确目标定位,面向国家需求,提升知识服务能力,建立品牌特色。     

Differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with CT radiomics features

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT)-based machine learning of radiomics features could help distinguish autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Materials and MethodsEighty-nine patients with AIP (65 men, 24 women; mean age, 59.7 ± 13.9 [SD] years; range: 21–83 years) and 93 patients with PDAC (68 men, 25 women; mean age, 60.1 ± 12.3 [SD] years; range: 36–86 years) were retrospectively included. All patients had dedicated dual-phase pancreatic protocol CT between 2004 and 2018. Thin-slice images (0.75/0.5 mm thickness/increment) were compared with thick-slices images (3 or 5 mm thickness/increment). Pancreatic regions involved by PDAC or AIP (areas of enlargement, altered enhancement, effacement of pancreatic duct) as well as uninvolved parenchyma were segmented as three-dimensional volumes. Four hundred and thirty-one radiomics features were extracted and a random forest was used to distinguish AIP from PDAC. CT data of 60 AIP and 60 PDAC patients were used for training and those of 29 AIP and 33 PDAC independent patients were used for testing.ResultsThe pancreas was diffusely involved in 37 (37/89; 41.6%) patients with AIP and not diffusely in 52 (52/89; 58.4%) patients. Using machine learning, 95.2% (59/62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.8–100%), 83.9% (52:67; 95% CI: 74.7–93.0%) and 77.4% (48/62; 95% CI: 67.0–87.8%) of the 62 test patients were correctly classified as either having PDAC or AIP with thin-slice venous phase, thin-slice arterial phase, and thick-slice venous phase CT, respectively. Three of the 29 patients with AIP (3/29; 10.3%) were incorrectly classified as having PDAC but all 33 patients with PDAC (33/33; 100%) were correctly classified with thin-slice venous phase with 89.7% sensitivity (26/29; 95% CI: 78.6–100%) and 100% specificity (33/33; 95% CI: 93–100%) for the diagnosis of AIP, 95.2% accuracy (59/62; 95% CI: 89.8–100%) and area under the curve of 0.975 (95% CI: 0.936–1.0).ConclusionsRadiomic features help differentiate AIP from PDAC with an overall accuracy of 95.2%.     

妊娠期甲状腺癌多学科综合治疗

妊娠期甲状腺癌的诊治是目前甲状腺疾病诊治的热点和难点问题之一。妊娠期发现甲状腺癌对临床医生和孕妇都是一个极大的挑战，应通过多学科协作，尽快明确诊断，全面、合理的评估孕妇和胎儿的情况，选择最合适的治疗和随诊方式，避免对孕妇和胎儿产生副反应，维持正常孕期，获得最佳的治疗效果。