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31.
Antimicrobial dressings such as those containing silver are now being used widely to control wound bioburden, and tests to demonstrate their efficacy predominantly involve in vitro models using free-living or planktonic bacteria. In this present study a wide range of antibiotic-sensitive and resistant bacteria were tested in their quasi-sessile state using a standard agar assay and a second method used a poloxamer gel (true biofilm state - poloxamer encourages microorganisms to exhibit a more clinically relevant biofilm phenotype) technique. The antimicrobial activity of two silver dressings, a silver-containing Hydrofiber (SCH) dressing and a nanocrystalline silver-containing dressing (NCS), were evaluated on a variety of microorganisms, using a zone-of-inhibition (ZOI) test. When grown on agar (presenting a quasi-sessile state of each organism), the antibiotic-susceptible microorganisms were generally more susceptible to the SCH dressing compared with the NCS. ZOIs associated with SCH dressing ranged between 5.7 and 17.5 mm; those for the NCS against the same group of organisms ranged between 1.9 and 8.6 mm. When grown on poloxamer gel, (presenting the biofilm state of each organism) the same group of microorganisms were less susceptible to both dressings. The SCH dressing was most effective against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI range: 2.6-6 mm); the NCS was most effective against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli (i.e. ZOI range: 1-2.8 mm). Similarly to the antibiotic-susceptible microorganisms, nine of ten antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains when grown on agar were more susceptible to the SCH dressing compared with the NCS. Although the microorganisms tested were universally less susceptible to the silver dressings when in their biofilm state, in the majority of cases, the SCH dressing demonstrated greater biofilm-inhibiting activity than the NCS. 相似文献
32.
目的研制一种以泊洛沙姆为基质、含有盐酸丁卡因的胶浆,并制定质量控制标准。方法采用分光光度法对盐酸丁卡因进行含量测定。结果盐酸丁卡因的平均回收率为99.87%。RSD为0.45%。结论用分光光度法测定盐酸丁卡因胶浆中盐酸丁卡因的含量是可行的.本法简便、准确、重现性好。尤其适用于医院制剂快检。 相似文献
33.
泊洛沙姆407在制剂中的应用进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
泊洛沙姆407是医药领域应用非常广泛的一种辅料.本文主要介绍了泊洛沙姆407的理化性质,总结了其在眼部给药、经皮给药、直肠给药、阴道给药、注射给药中的应用情况、存在的问题和发展前景. 相似文献
34.
Improved solubility and in vitro dissolution of Ibuprofen from poloxamer gel using eutectic mixture with menthol 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To improve the solubility and in vitro dissolution of poorly water-soluble ibuprofen with poloxamer and menthol, the effects of menthol and poloxamer 188 on the aqueous solubility of ibuprofen were investigated. The dissolution study of ibuprofen delivered by poloxamer gels composed of poloxamer 188 and menthol were performed. In the absence of poloxamer, the solubility of ibuprofen increased until the ratio of menthol to ibuprofen increased from 0:10 to 4:6, followed by an abrupt decrease in solubility above the ratio of 4:6, indicating that 4 parts of ibuprofen formed eutectic mixture with 6 parts of menthol. In the presence of poloxamer 188, the solutions with the same ratio of menthol to ibuprofen showed abrupt increase in the solubility of ibuprofen. Furthermore, the solution with ratio of 4:6 showed more than 2.5- and 6-fold increase in the solubility of ibuprofen compared with that without poloxamer and that without menthol, respectively. The poloxamer gel with menthol/ibuprofen ratio of 1:9 and higher than 15% poloxamer 188 showed the maximum solubility of ibuprofen, 1.2 mg/ml. Menthol improved the dissolution rates of ibuprofen from poloxamer gels. Dissolution mechanism showed that the dissolution rate of ibuprofen from the poloxamer gels without menthol was independent of the time, but the drug might be dissolved from the poloxamer gels with menthol by Fickian diffusion. Thus, the poloxamer gels developed using eutectic mixture with menthol, which gave the improved solubility and dissolution of drug, are potential candidates for ibuprofen-loaded transdermal and rectal delivery system. 相似文献
35.
Preparation of ibuprofen-loaded liquid suppository using eutectic mixture system with menthol 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chul Soon Yong Yu-Kyoung Oh Se Hyun Jung Jong-Dal Rhee Ho-Dong Kim Chong-Kook Kim Han-Gon Choi 《European journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2004,23(4-5):347-353
To prepare an ibuprofen-loaded liquid suppository using eutectic mixture with menthol, the effects of menthol and poloxamer 188 (P 188) on the aqueous solubility of ibuprofen were investigated. The physicochemical properties such as gelation temperature, gel strength and bioadhesive force of various formulations composed of ibuprofen, menthol and P 188 were investigated. Then, the pharmacokinetic study of ibuprofen delivered by the liquid suppositories composed of P 188 and menthol were then performed. In the absence of P 188, the solubility of ibuprofen increased until the ratio of menthol to ibuprofen increased from 0:10 to 4:6 followed by an abrupt decrease in solubility above the ratio of 4:6, indicating that four parts of ibuprofen formed eutectic mixture with six parts of menthol. In the presence of P 188, the solutions with the same ratio showed abrupt increase in the solubility of ibuprofen. Furthermore, the solution with ratio of 4:6 showed more than 2.5- and 6-fold increase in the solubility of ibuprofen compared with that without additives and that without menthol, respectively. The poloxamer gel with menthol/ibuprofen ratio of 1:9 and higher than 15% poloxamer 188 showed the maximum solubility of ibuprofen, 1.2mg/ml. Ibuprofen increased the gelation temperature and weakened the gel strength and bioadhesive force of liquid suppositories. However, menthol did the opposite due to forming the eutectic mixture with ibuprofen. The ibuprofen-loaded liquid suppository [P 188/menthol/ibuprofen (15/0.25/2.5%)] with the maximum ibuprofen solubility of 1.2mg/ml was administered easily to the anus and to remain at the administered site without leakage after the dose. Furthermore, it gave significantly higher initial plasma concentrations, Cmax and AUC of ibuprofen than did solid suppository, indicating that the drug from poloxamer gel could be more absorbed than that from solid one in rats. Thus, the liquid suppository system with P 188 and menthol, a more convenient and effective rectal dosage form for ibuprofen will be expected to enhance the rectal bioavailability of ibuprofen. 相似文献
36.
温度敏感型盐酸小檗碱眼用原位凝胶的制备研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 制备温度敏感型盐酸小檗碱眼用原位凝胶.方法 以泊洛沙姆407和188为温敏材料,采用搅拌子法测定溶液-凝胶相转变温度优化处方;采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸小檗碱.结果 温度敏感型原位凝胶的胶凝温度随泊洛沙姆407浓度增大而降低,随泊洛沙姆188浓度增加先升高后降低,模拟泪液的稀释可使胶凝温度升高,建立了泪液稀释后相变温度与泊洛沙姆浓度的拟合方程,经Design-Expert软件优化盐酸小檗碱温敏型眼用原位凝胶的处方为25%泊洛沙姆407和4.19%泊洛沙姆188;优化处方在29.7℃为自由流动的液体,泪液稀释后在34.5℃能够发生相变形成凝胶.结论 该眼用温度敏感凝胶符合眼部应用要求,体现出良好的眼部应用前景. 相似文献
37.
Thomas P. Johnston Helen Beris Zjumira G. Wout John L. Kennedy 《International journal of pharmaceutics》1993,100(1-3):279-284
The nonionic surfactant poloxamer 407, NF (PIuronic ® F-127, NF) has previously been shown to produce marked hyperlipidemia in rats at a dose of 1.5 g/kg for greater than 96 h following a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (Wout et al. J. Parenter. Sci. Technol., 46 (1992) 192–200). In an effort to characterize any potential toxicity of the polymeric vehicle to various organ systems in the rat following multiple i.p. injections, a dose of 0.33 g/kg per day (10% w/w solution) or 1.0 g/kg per day (30% w/w solution) of poloxamer 407 was administered once daily for 4 consecutive days. When compared to control (non-injected) animals, rats injected with 0.33 g/kg per day of poloxamer 407 did not show a significant (p > 0.05) increase or decrease in spleen, liver, or total body weight. A complete blood count (CBC) with a white blood cell (WBC) differential was performed on blood samples collected on day five from rats injected with poloxamer 407 at both doses. The CBC with WBC differentia] was conducted to assess any changes in the WBC count, percent lymphocytes (LY), percent monocytes (MO), percent granulocytes (GR), red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB), percent hematocrit (HCT), and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) following administration of poloxamer 407. Rats injected i.p. with a dose of 0.33 g/kgper day of poloxamer 407 for 4 days demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the number of MO when compared to controls. Administration of 1.0 g/kg per day of poloxamer 407 to rats for 4 days demonstrated distinct splenomegaly when compared to non-injected control animals. In addition, a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in body weight and significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the percent LY, RBCs, HGB, and percent HCT were noted. Lastly, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the number of WBCs and the percent MO was observed in this same group of rats. However, rats administered 1.0 g/kg per day of poloxamer 407 for 4 days were observed to have no detectable changes in the values of the MCV, the percent GR, or liver-to-body weight ratio when compared to control animals. Thus, repetitive i.p. injections of poloxamer 407 to rats at a dose of 1.0 g/kg per day for four days results in splenomegaly and a reduction in total body weight. Splenomegaly in rats administered poloxamer 407 at a dose of 1.0 g/kg per day resulted from red pulp expansion due to infiltration of macrophages which contained phagocytized lipids. 相似文献
38.
Na Young Yoon Hyeung Rak Kim Hae Young Chung Jae Sue Choi 《Archives of pharmacal research》2008,31(12):1564-1571
We conducted this study to isolate novel anti-hyperlipidemic agents derived from natural marine products. To accomplish this,
we investigated the effects of ethanolic (EtOH) extracts of Ecklonia stolonifera and its phlorotannin constituents, eckol and dieckol, on serum lipid levels in rats with hyperlipidemia that was induced
by a high-cholesterol diet or poloxamer 407. Treatment with the EtOH extracts of E. stolonifera and its phlorotannin-rich ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH) fractions induced a significant reduction in triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
(LDL-C) levels, as well as a significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) level in hyperlipidemic
rats. However, treatment with the water (H2O) fraction did not exert any significant effects on the serum levels of hyperlipidemic rats. In addition, eckol and dieckol
isolated from the active EtOAc fraction induced a significant reduction in serum TG, TC, and LDL-C levels, as well as in the
atherogenic index (A.I.). Furthermore, treatment with dieckol induced a greater decrease in the serum TG, TC, and LDL-C levels
of hyperlipidemic rats than eckol or lovastatin, as well as an increase in the serum HDL-C levels. Taken together, these results
suggest that phlorotannins such as eckol and dieckol have the potential for use for the prevention of hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis. 相似文献
39.
Tianyuan Ci Luo Yuan Xiaoyan Bao Yuting Hou Hao Wu Haifeng Sun 《Journal of drug targeting》2018,26(9):829-839
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a typical kind of vaginal mucosal infection. Herein, we developed a novel vaginal delivery system of amphotericin B (AmB) nanosuspension-loaded thermogel (AmB NPs/thermogel) utilising pharmaceutical technique of high-pressure homogenisation and Poloxamer P407/P188 hydrogel. The stabiliser and hydrogel materials of the formulation were tested to maintain proper sol–gel transition as well as the relative stability of the particle size of AmB nanosuspension in the thermogel. The particle size of AmB nanosuspensions in the hydrogel was ~247?nm. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the round-shape morphology of AmB nanoparticles in AmB NPs/thermogel, while that of irregular morphology of merely AmB nanosuspensions without stabiliser and hydrogel materials. AmB could be sustained release for ~12?h in vitro. In vivo drug content in the vaginal tissue was also evaluated with 87, 47, 33 and 6.7% drug remaining after 1, 3, 6 and 12?h, respectively. The in vivo anti-Candida test was conducted on candidiasis-infected mice model. In the same drug dose of 2.5?mg/kg, AmB NPs/thermogel showed better anti-Candida efficiency compared with commercial AmB effervescent tablet. This delivery system might show some insights for the vaginal formulation development of other hydrophobic antifungal drugs. 相似文献
40.
Yuhua S Ligen L Jiake C Tongzhu S 《Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries》2012,38(1):95-101