CO2气腹对胃癌细胞周期及细胞周期蛋白的影响

目的 通过检测不同压力CO2气腹环境下胃癌细胞周期及其相关蛋白表达的变化,探讨CO2气腹对胃癌细胞生长增殖的影响.方法 将胃癌MKN-45细胞置于0、10、12和15 mm Hg CO2气腹环境下培养4 h,然后用流式细胞法检测胃癌细胞周期的变化,再用Western blot方法检测细胞周期蛋白Cyclin D1、CDK4、Rb和pRb的表达,最后用免疫沉淀法检测细胞Cyclin D1/CDK4结合力.结果 0、10、12 mm Hg CO2气腹组胃癌细胞增殖指数与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),15 mm Hg CO2气腹组胃癌细胞增殖指数(27.4%4±3.7%)与对照组(36.4%±3.3%)比较显著下降(P<0.05).0、10、12 mm Hg CO2气腹组CDK4、Cyclin D1、pRb蛋白表达以及Cyclin D1和CDK4的结合能力与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),15 mm Hg CO2气腹组CDK4、Cyclin D1、pRb蛋白表达以及Cyclin D1和CDK4的结合能力(0.71%±0.12%、0.93%±0.21%、0.54%±0.11%、0.18%±0.02%)与对照组(1.05%±0.16%、1.40%±0.24%、0.75%±0.14%、0.31%±0.02%)比较显著下降(P<0.05).0、10、12、15 mm Hg CO2气腹组Rb蛋白表达与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 临床常用压力的CO2气腹对胃癌细胞周期无显著影响,15 mm Hg CO2气腹抑制细胞增殖,其原因可能与Cyclin D1和CDK4的表达下调有关.     

气腹性肺损伤的机制与防治策略

背景 腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、恢复快等特点.但手术过程中建立CO2气腹会造成腹腔内高压和酸碱平衡失调,引起不同程度的肺组织损伤,导致术后肺功能不全,严重者甚至可以发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS). 目的 阐述气腹性肺损伤的机制和防治研究新进展. 内容 气腹性肺损伤的发生机制很复杂,可由通气/血流比例失调、氧化和抗氧化系统失衡、缺血/缺氧、缺血/再灌注损伤、促炎和抗炎反应失衡等因素引起.通过小潮气量联合呼气末正压通气的肺通气模式,允许性高碳酸血症,气腹前预处理和药物的应用可以减轻气腹引起的肺损伤. 趋向 通过对CO2气腹引起肺损伤的发生机制及防治策略进行综述,期望为气腹性肺损伤的预防及治疗提供新的思路.     

气腹对腹腔镜胆囊切除患者血压的影响分析

目的:探讨气腹对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)患者血压的影响。方法:选取2010年1月至2013年1月87例行LC的患者,根据患者血压状况分为3组,每组29例。A组有高血压病史但术前未进行规律治疗,入院时血压符合高血压病诊断;B组有高血压病史并规律治疗,入院时血压正常;C组无高血压病史。对比3组患者气腹前(T1)、气腹后1 min(T2)、5 min(T3)、10 min(T4)、20 min(T5)及气腹解除后10 min(T6)的平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)、收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)及舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)。结果:T1、T2时,3组患者MAP、SBP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T3、T4、T5、T6时,A组患者MAP、SBP均高于B、C组,各期差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、C组两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T1时,3组患者DBP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T2、T3、T4、T5、T6时,A组患者DBP均高于B、C组,各期差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B、C两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:气腹对未规律治疗的高血压患者影响较大,术前应掌握好LC适应证,注意加强术前准备及术后监护,麻醉期间加强循环、呼吸功能监护,术中严格控制气腹压力、缩短手术时间。非急诊手术患者,待血压控制满意后施术。     

后腹腔镜手术CO2气腹对脑氧供需平衡的影响

目的探讨后腹腔镜CO2气腹对脑氧供需平衡的影响. 方法选择后腹腔镜下肾及肾上腺肿瘤切除术20例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,分别于气腹前,气腹后10、30、60 min和关气腹后30 min,抽取颈静脉球血和桡动脉血进行血气分析,比较不同时点动脉血PH(aPH )、颈静脉球PH(jvPH)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、动脉血糖(aGS)、动脉血乳酸(aLac)、颈内静脉血氧分压(PjvO2)、颈内静脉血氧饱和度(SjvO2)、颅内动静脉氧含量差(AjvDO2)、颈内静脉血二氧化碳分压(PjvCO2)、血糖(jvGS)和乳酸(jvLac)的变化. 结果与气腹前比较,气腹后各时间点aPH、jvPH显著降低(P＜0.05);PaCO2、PjvCO2气腹后各时间点与气腹前相比显著升高(P＜0.05);AjvDO2气腹后各时点与气腹前相比显著下降(P＜0.05);jvLac气腹后各时间点与气腹前相比有降低趋势,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05);aGS、 jvGS气腹前后无显著变化(P＞0.05). 结论后腹腔镜手术期间,脑血流量显著增加,未发现脑无氧代谢增加的证据.     

术前渐进性气腹联合A型肉毒毒素在巨大切口疝修补术中的应用价值

背景与目的 巨大切口疝修复通常是一项具有挑战性的手术,由于关闭巨大缺损可能会产生严重的病理生理后果,甚至发生腹腔室隔综合征（ACS）等危及生命的并发症。术前渐进性气腹（PPP）可以扩大患者腹腔,促进疝内容物重新回纳,而A型肉毒毒素（BTA）可以可逆性松弛腹壁肌肉,两者联合用于巨大切口疝修复术的术前准备可能起到互补作用。因此,本研究探讨PPP联合BTA在巨大切口疝修补术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2018年6月—2021年12月中山大学附属第六医院采用PPP联合BTA行腹腔镜下腹腔内补片植入术（IPOM）术前准备,治疗的巨大切口疝患者7例临床资料。患者术前在超声引导下进行侧腹壁肌肉BTA注射以及腹腔置管建立PPP,利用CT软件测量患者PPP+BTA处理前后侧腹壁肌肉长度、厚度以及疝囊容积（VIH）和腹腔容积（VAC）变化,记录PPP+BTA处理后的不良反应,术中、术后并发症及随访情况。结果 患者7例中,男4例、女3例,中位年龄59（44~71）岁,中位体质量指数25.6（21.3~31.2）kg/m²;6例患者为初发疝、1例患者为复发疝;合并基础疾病2例。PPP+BTA处理后,患者平均每边侧腹壁肌肉长度增加3.5 cm;平均每边侧腹壁肌肉厚度减小0.3 cm;VIH平均增加量为829 mL、VAC平均增加量为2 982 mL、VIH/VAC比值降低1.7%;患者的疝内容物均有不同程度自行回纳腹腔。在PPP+BTA准备过程中,2例患者出现腹胀腹痛,1例患者出现肩背部疼痛,1例患者出现皮下气肿,均自行缓解。患者均顺利完成IPOM治疗,平均手术时间为（186±114）min,术后住院时间为（6.4±1.1）d。术后患者VAS评分均低于3分,无需使用镇痛药物。术后1例患者出现低位小肠梗阻,予以对症处理后缓解,未出现ACS等严重并发症。平均随访时间（10.4±8.8）个月,未出现慢性疼痛、复发及补片感染等并发症。结论 PPP+BTA行术前准备能够明显增加巨大切口疝患者的腹腔容积、延长侧腹壁肌肉长度,有利于巨大缺损关闭和减少术后严重并发症发生,值得临床推广应用。     

Protective effects of dexmedetomidine in pneumoperitoneum-related ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rat ovarian tissue

Objectives

To determine the effects of dexmedetomidine on pneuomoperitoneum-related ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovarian tissue.

Study design

Animals were randomized into three groups: Group S (n = 8), no pneumoperitoneum; Group C (n = 8), pneumoperitoneum; and Group D (n = 8), 100 μg intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine 30 min before pneumoperitoneum. Ovarian tissue was collected from all rats 30 min after desufflation, and fresh frozen for histological and biochemical evaluation.

Results

Body weight was similar in all three groups (202.62 ± 28.86, 211.00 ± 14.45 and 212.87 ± 15.71 g in Groups S, D and C, respectively). The mean malondialdehyde level was higher in Group C than the other groups (p < 0.03). When the histological samples of ovarian tissue were compared, vascular congestion, haemorrhage, follicular cell degeneration and infiltrative cell infiltration scores were higher in Group C compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). Significantly lower scores for the histological parameters were found in Group D compared with Group C (p < 0.05). Similar scores for follicular cell degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration were found in Group D and Group S (p > 0.05). Although vascular congestion and haemorrhage scores were significantly lower compared with Group C, higher scores were found for Group D compared with Group S (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Pneumoperitoneum caused oxidative injury in rat ovarian tissue. Dexmedetomidine reduced oxidative stress and histological injury related to I/R.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对患者氧化应激水平的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）对患者机体氧化应激水平的影响。方法选择2011年6月～2012年6月在达州市中心医院拟行胆囊切除术患者60例,随机分为LC组和开腹胆囊切除术（OC）组,每组各30例。分别于术前、手术结束即刻及术后24h检测两组血丙二醛（MDA）水平、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）活性水平并进行比较分析。结果与各自术前相比较,LC组手术结束即刻MDA水平升高较明显（P〈0．05）,术后24h与术前相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;OC组手术结束即刻血MDA水平较术后24h较明显升高（P〈0．05）。与OC组相比,LC组患者血MDA水平在手术结束即刻显著升高（P〈0．05）,而术后24h明显低于OC组（P〈0．05）。与各自术前相比较,LC组手术结束即刻血SOD活性明显下降（P〈0．05）．术后24h恢复至术前水平;OC组SOD活性在术后24h显著降低（P〈0．05）。与OC组相比,血浆中SOD活性明显降低（P〈0．05）,但在术后24h明显升高（P〈0．05）。与各自术前相比较,LC组手术结束即刻血GSH—Px活性明显下降（P〈0．05）,术后24h恢复至术前水平;OC组血GSH—Px活性在术后24h显著降低（P〈0．05）。与OC组相比,LC组血GSH—Px活性明显降低（P〈0．05）,但在术后24h明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中由于CO2气腹导致氧化应激产生,但术后恢复速度比开腹胆囊切除术快。     

Effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the basilar artery

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery provides many benefits to the patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cerebral blood flow changes and the possibility of ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring during carbon dioxide (CO(2)) pneumoperitoneum. METHODS: Forty-eight New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four experimental and two control groups. Rabbits were subjected to CO(2) pneumoperitoneum with an intraabdominal pressure of 8 and 15 mmHg for 60 or 180 min as designed for experimental groups. We then assessed the changes in physiological and transcranial Doppler ultrasonographic parameters, as well as brain malondialdehyde levels. RESULTS: Transcranial Doppler sonography of the basilar artery revealed elevated mean velocity and decreased resistance index and pulsatility index values with the longer-duration and higher-pressure CO(2) pneumoperitoneum. However, there were no statistically significant difference in m alondialdehyde values. CONCLUSION: Elevated intraabdominal pressure by CO(2)-pneumoperitoneum, which does not lead to ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain tissue, results in increased cerebral blood flow and reduced cerebrovascular resistance as an autoregulatory cerebral answer for CO(2).     

Open port placement of the first laparoscopic port: a safe technique.

BACKGROUND: Blind insertion of the Veress needle and of the first trocar is a significant cause of complications in laparoscopic surgery. Despite this risk, the closed technique is still more popular than the open one. Our aim is to report the results of our experience with the routine use of the modified open technique in laparoscopic surgery and to describe the technical details of the creation of pnuemoperitoneum by the open technique that we used. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in the department of surgery at Maulana Azad Medical College and associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi. A modified method of open laparoscopy was performed on 755 consecutive patients requiring laparoscopy or laparoscopic surgery over a 5-year period from August 1998 to February 2003 in 1 surgical unit. RESULTS: The mean time taken was 4 minutes (range, 2 to 10). No intraoperative complications occurred during trocar insertion. Forty-nine (6.49%) patients had minor umbilical sepsis, 22 (2.91%) had periumbilical hematoma, but none had umbilical hernia during 3 months of follow-up after surgery. CONCLUSION: Based on our own experience, we recommend open laparoscopy as a safe and easy approach for routine laparoscopic interventions.