Reference ranges for haematology, biochemical profile and electrophoresis in a single herd of Ragusana donkeys from Sicily (Italy)

Donkeys, an endangered species, have recently gained a new application with the use of their milk to feed humans with allergic processes. The Ragusana donkey breed from Sicily is used to produce milk for humans with allergic diseases. In order to evaluate the hygienic, nutritional and management measures on a farm of Ragusana donkeys, complete blood counts, extended biochemical profiles and serum protein electrophoresis, as part of metabolic profile test (MPT), were performed in Ragusana donkeys. Fifty-four donkeys were studied and grouped according to their age, (1) 29 females and a single stallion (n=30), (2) young females, 1 – 3 years old (n=10) and (3) young of both sexes under 1 year old (n=14). The RBC count, RDW value, Lymp, and Mono counts, and PDW values were statistically greater in donkeys under one year old than in adult donkeys, while the Seg Neu count was lower. The CPK, ALP, iPhos, and HCO₃, values were statistically higher in the group of donkeys under 1 year of age than adult donkeys while Cl and LDH values were statistically lower in donkeys under 1 year than adult donkeys. Additionally, statistically significant increased values for CPK, ALP, Alb, Chol, iPhos, HCO₃, and UIBC in young donkeys under 1 year when compared with young donkeys, 1 – 3 years were observed. A statistically significant decreased value for Urea and an increased value for Crea in young donkeys, 1 – 3 years old were found as compared to adults. The serum protein fractions recognised by electrophoresis were: albumin, alpha globulin (subdivided into alpha-1 and alpha-2-globulins), beta globulin, and gamma globulin. In the alpha-1-globulin region three small peaks were constantly noticed, and alpha-2-globulins were statistically different between the three groups being greater in young donkeys under 1 year of age. The results obtained were used both to establish reference ranges and a data bank for the farm of Ragusana donkeys for future needs in assessing the metabolic status and health of the animals.     

体外反搏对血液流变性和血小板聚集性的影响

观察４０例心脑血管疾病患者体外反搏前后血液流变性和血小板聚集性变化。结果表明，反搏后全血比及还原比粘度、血浆粘度有不同程度的下降（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。反搏治疗后，１～５ｍｉｎ血小板聚集率、最大聚集率和最大聚集速度较反搏前均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），而５ｍｉｎ解聚率则明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示体外反搏治疗不仅影响血液动力学，而且明显降低血液粘度，对血小板聚集功能有明显抑制作用。     

急性脑梗塞患者血浆内皮素与血小板内钙含量和聚集关系的探讨

本文用放射免疫分析测定了１６例急性脑梗塞病人的血浆内皮素，用比浊法测定了血小板聚集，用Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ荧光技术测定了血小板内游离Ｃａ＾２＋含量。急性脑梗塞病人血浆内皮素明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），血小板聚集率增设增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），血小板内Ｃａ２＾＋含量增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），且观察到ＡＤＰ诱导的血小板聚集与血小板内Ｃａ＾２＋含量之间呈正相关（ｒ＝０．７８，Ｐ〈０．０１），而血浆内皮素与血小反聚集     

病毒载量和T淋巴细胞计数在HIV感染者临床治疗疗效观察中的应用

目的 研究病毒载量检测和CD4^ 计数在评价人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者疗效中的应用效果。方法 对HIV感染者临床病例73例进行了实验室和临床观察，其中包括6例鸡尾酒治疗病例、36例中药试验性治疗病例及31例未进行治疗的感染者。主要实验室指标包括血浆病毒载量及T淋巴细胞亚群计数。结果 在进行治疗后3个月时联合治疗组的病毒载量明显低于其他两组，并且在其后保持在很低的水平，CD4^ 计数水平明显高于其他两组并在其后持续升高。在整个观察期间，中药治疗组的病毒载量检测和CD4^ 计数水平与未治疗组差异无显著性，但在临床症状观察中中药治疗组较未治疗组有明显改善。结论 病毒载量检测和CD4^ 计数试验是评价抗HIV治疗疗效的有效方法。     

新生儿高间接胆红素血症患儿凝血象的研究及临床意义

目的　探讨凝血因子、血小板和新生儿高间接胆红素血症的关系 ;方法　用散射比浊法测定新生儿高间接胆红素血症患儿 6 0例和正常足月新生儿 2 0例的凝血酶原时间 (PT)、激活的部分凝血活酶时间 (APTT) ,同时检查血小板计数和肝功能 ;结果　新生儿高间接胆红素血症患儿的PT、APTT比正常足月新生儿组明显升高 ,有显著性差异 ,P值均 <0 .0 5 ,而血小板计数和肝功能两组间比较 ,无显著性差异 ,P值 >0 .0 5 ;结论　新生儿高间接胆红素血症患儿临床上常出现脐部渗血、穿刺部位出血不止等表现与新生儿血小板数量无关 ,而与PT、APTT延长有关 ,可能由于母乳喂养的推广和生后没有进行常规维生素K预防。因此 ,我们建议在治疗新生儿高胆红素血症的同时 ,要注意预防维生素K的缺乏。     

Vortex Shedding in Steady Flow Through a Model of an Arterial Stenosis and Its Relevance to Mural Platelet Deposition

In this study, the development of unsteady vortical formations in the separated flow region distal to a stenosis throat is presented and compared with the platelet deposition measurements, to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in platelet kinetics in flowing blood. Qualitative and quantitative flow visualization and numerical simulations were performed in a model of a streamlined axisymmetric stenosis with an area reduction of 84% at the throat of the stenosis. Measurements were performed at Reynolds numbers (Re), based on upstream diameter and average velocity, ranging from 300 to 1800. Both the digital particle image visualization method employed and the numerical simulations were able to capture the motion of the vortices through the separated flow region. Periodic shedding of vortices began at approximately Re=375 and continued for the full range of Re studied. The locales at which these vortices are initiated, their size, and their life span, were a function of Re. The numerical simulations of turbulent flow through the stenosis model entailed a detailed depiction of the process of vortex shedding in the separated flow region downstream of the stenosis. These flow patterns were used to elucidate the mechanisms involved in blood platelet kinetics and deposition in the area in and around an arterial stenosis. The unsteady flow development in the recirculation region is hypothesized as the mechanism for observed changes in the distribution of mural platelet deposition between Re=300, 900, and 1800, despite only a marginal variation in the size and shape of the recirculation zone under these flow conditions. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC99: 8719Uv, 8710+e     

Ultrastructural myeloperoxidase activity and expression of myeloid-associated antigens in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Ultrastructural myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and myeloid-associated antigen (MyAg) expression were investigated in 12 adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Ultrastructural MPO was detected by 3 different methods. Immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry, using a series of monoclonal antibodies. Ultrastructural MPO-positive blast cells were detected in 6 patients (50%). In 5 of these 6 patients, the methods detecting both MPO and platelet peroxidase (PPO) activities found MPO-positive blast cells more frequently than those detecting MPO activity alone. In 2 patients (17%), at least one kind of MyAg was positive. Ultrastructural MPO activity was detected more frequently than MyAg expression in ALL patients. This method of detecting PPO and MPO is recommended for detection of ultrastructural MPO-positive ALL.     

An enzymatic cow immunity-targeted approach to reducing milk somatic cell count: 3. A comparative field trial

The effectiveness of lysosubtilin and lysozyme, a combination thereof and a combination of these enzyme preparations (each alone and in combination) with vitamins as possible coimmunostimulants, which reduced the milk somatic cell count (SCC), were compared in a field trial. Seventy second to third lactation Lithuanian Black and White cows with a similar milk SCC ([750±200]×10³?cells?ml^?1) and of a similar weight (550±50?kg) were involved in the trial and were randomly allocated into seven groups (n=10). Lysosubtilin and/or lysozyme at doses of 0.02?g?kg?wt^?1 and 0.2?g?kg?wt^?1, respectively, and vitamins A, C and E (if any) at doses twice as high as required for nutritional adequacy were given, except for control group cows, once daily with feed for ten successive days. After four-, seven-, and ten-day periods of giving enzymes (with or without vitamins) a significant reduction of SCC (p<0.001) was observed in the milk of cows that received a combination of lysozyme with vitamins. On the tenth day a significant reduction of SCC (p<0.001) was also observed in the milk of cows that received lysozyme and lysosubtilin (each alone; without vitamins) or lysosubtilin in combination with vitamins. At the end of the trial (on the 15th day) SCC in milk of cows of all of the study groups was significantly lower (p<0.001) when compared with that of the control group.     

Functional variation of HIV-1 Rev Response Element in a longitudinally studied cohort

We showed previously that HIV-1 Rev Response Element (RRE) contains a certain degree of structural variation, and in a set of limited samples, RRE from HIV-1 natural isolates were found to have functional variability. The significance of the RRE heterogeneity is addressed further by analyzing the functional variation of RREs in a longitudinal cohort. While the RRE activity at early time points was not a good predictor of disease outcome, the RRE activity at late time points was correlated with rates of CD4+ count decline. These data suggest that RRE heterogeneity may be important in viral pathogenesis and disease progression.     

探讨血小板计数在血泵离体实验中的意义

为了探讨血小板计数在血泵离体实验中的意义。我们用两种滚压泵分成两组，作5对16小时离体长时间转流实验，血样本为转前作对照组、转流4h后每隔2h抽1次。测定项目：血小板计数、游离血红蛋白。结果：两组血小板计数值均随转流时间延长而呈线性逐渐增加，各时点值与前时点比（P＜0．05），有显著差异，两组游离血红蛋白量也随转流时间延长而呈线性增加。血小板计数与游离血红蛋白呈直线回归相关关系。结论；在血泵离体转流实验中，血小板计数可反映血细胞碎片的数量，因此可作为一项评价血泵离体溶血性能的客观指标。