数字技术在X线影像方面的应用

随着电子学、计算机和图像处理等高新技术的迅猛发展及其在医学影像方面的广泛应用,X线诊断装置的功能和图像质量在不断的提高。电子线路集成度大大提高,使得关键部位体积更小,运用更加灵活,尤其是计算机网络及多媒体运用于医学中,为多种疾病的早期诊治提供了重要条件。     

Integrating learning contexts in a medical informatics program—preparing for the introduction of PACS

This paper analyzes the possibilities to extend learning contexts within a one-year medical informatics educational program (MIP) at a Radiology Department in Sweden¹. The MIP was carried out within a theoretical framework based upon the integration of four learning contexts, which were inspired by Nonaka's theory of organizational knowledge creation. A summary of organizational knowledge creation theory and the ideas behind the learning contexts are presented. The main objective of the study was to investigate what would be the major benefits from the use of various learning contexts in a one-year medical informatics program? The MIP was found to form a basis for better learning conditions by increasing the flexibility, accommodating greater numbers of students as well as offering better possibilities for continuous learning. Evaluation of the MIP revealed that 98% of radiology department staff as compared to 39% of the intensive care unit staff, who had followed the hospital routine program, felt competent enough to independently use the functions of a new medical system. Although there are good reason to believe that the superior confidence for information technology (IT) is due to the integration of learning contexts, it can not be excluded that it may be due to other reasons also.     

Teaching students with autism to read pictures

This study examined the use of teaching three students with autism how to comprehend pictures. Students were elementary-aged, did not speak, and needed communication training. Students were provided systematic visual literacy instruction. Visual literacy instruction consisted of comprehending familiar people, objects, actions, and sequences through motor demonstration. Students successfully acquired how to read pictures and generalize its understanding. Visual literacy skills were maintained at a 100% level for up to nine weeks.     

副神经移位修复C5上干组织学和图像研究

[目的]通过小间隙副神经移位修复C5、上干后再生神经的组织学和图像分析以了解其移位效果及节省动力神经源的可行性。[方法]40只雄性wistar大鼠，随机分成两组，A组：自体颈静脉桥接行副神经小间隙（2mm）移位于C5神经根，B组：自体颈静脉桥接行副神经小间隙（2mm）粤合于上干，两组的左侧为对照侧。术后12周行组织学和图像分析。[结果]A组有髓神经纤维计数、轴突直径和髓鞘厚度左右侧相比差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05），而B组左右侧差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。I结论]副神经移位于C5后神经再生明显优于移位于上干。     

大鼠长期脾虚和热证造模的舌象观察

观察大鼠长期 (2 6周 )脾虚造模和热证造模的活体舌象和舌组织病理。见舌背隆起前固有层乳头密度无变化 ,背隆起后固有层乳头密度热证组有增加趋势。基底层细胞核分裂相频数 ,热证组大于对照组和脾虚组。大鼠长期脾虚和热证模型表现出基本趋势相反的舌组织病理变化。     

一种分形方法在医学图像压缩中的应用

采用了一种新的基于分形的图像压缩方法对一脑CT图像进行了图像压缩。结果表明 :压缩比为 45 .0 2 ,峰值信噪比PSNR为 2 7.5db ,运算时间为 0 .75h。利用分形实现图像数据压缩处理可以获得高的压缩比 ,压缩后能够保持信号与图像特征基本不变 ,有较广的应用前景。     

Visual persistence from brief letters and pictures

The visual persistence from briefly presented letters and pictures was assessed by the popular probe-matching procedure over a range of background and target luminance levels and for several color conditions. It was determined that the fading visible persistence measured in this way increased with increasing target luminance and with decreasing background luminance. For small foveal presentations, photopically-matched targets of differing wavelength produced equivalent persistences; but for larger, parafoveal presentations, scotopically-matched targets of differing wavelength produced equivalent persistences. This was true for both letter and picture targets. Results were discussed in terms of an early sensory locus to such persistence effects. The strong consistency of these findings to some previous work and the apparent inconsistency with other work were treated in terms of different kinds of visual persistence effects assessed by different experimental methods.     

Limb salvage by extended profundaplasty of occluded deep femoral arteries

This report presents our experience with extended profundaplasty as an outflow procedure for limb salvage in patients with occluded common and profunda femoris arteries. During a 5 year period at Salem Hospital, 15 limbs in 11 patients were revascularized by a variety of inflow procedures combined with extended endarterectomy and patch grafting of an occluded profunda femoris artery. All patients presented with rest pain, ischemic ulcers, or gangrenous toes. Patients with acute embolic disease or thrombosis of a limb of a graft which required immediate reconstruction were excluded from this study. Preoperative arteriograms revealed no patent femoral or graftable popliteal vessels but did demonstrate collateral circulation, specifically portions of the circumflex femoral arteries and muscular branches of the profunda. Operation was undertaken to disobliterate the profunda and reinstitute direct perfusion of the collateral bed. In all cases it was possible to endarterectomize the profunda to eliminate distal spared vessel and to open most of the profunda branches.There was no operative mortality. Follow-up revealed 87 percent limb salvage and 80 percent patency at 1 year. At 2.5 years limb salvage was 77 percent and reconstruction has remained patent in 60 percent of the limbs.These results compare favorably with series that have reported reconstructions for profunda stenosis alone. These preliminary data suggest that endarterectomy and long patch grafting of the proximally occluded profunda may have merit in providing worthwhile palliation in a small subset of patients with advanced occlusive disease.     

A practical alternative for the treatment of tantrum and self-injurious behavior

This case study reports the successful treatment of tantrum and self-injurious behavior in a 32-yr-old institutionalized female. The subject was trained to make the appropriate response to the verbal instruction “sit”, which could then be administered whenever a tantrum occured. A multi-element baseline design which followed training suggested that tantrums were very brief after the subject was told to sit. When tantrums stopped there was also a cessation of self-injurious behavior. Results are discussed in terms of the ethics and practicality of the technique for ward use.