重庆市农村未婚年轻成人父母对给未婚青年提供生殖健康服务的态度调查

目的：通过向未婚年轻成人的父母了解未婚年轻成人未得到生殖健康需求服务的成因，以确定给未婚年轻成人提供生殖健康服务的最佳途径和可行方法。方法：采用小组访谈法，对重庆市农村地区18-24岁有婚前性行为年轻成人的父母分别访谈，讨论的内容包括父母对未婚年轻成人婚前性行为的态度，父母对婚前性行为和人工流产影响未婚年轻成人健康的认识，父母对给未婚年轻成人提供教育和服务的态度等。结果：农村父母也给子女提一些忠告，但对子女因婚前性行为导致未婚先孕，普遍采取事后补救等被动措施表现出极大忧虑。父母赞成向子女提供有针对性的相关教育和服务，希望政府和社会机构给予重视，结论：农村未婚年轻成人婚前性行为和人工流产的普遍，与其自身文化水平和科学知识不足，家庭观念落后，如父母，教师和社会相关人员生殖健康知识水平不高及社会未重视有关，建议成立青少年生殖健康促进中心，制订相应的媒体法规及将青少年生殖健康教育和生殖健康服务纳入计划生育服务范畴，将有利于保障青少年生殖健康的需求。     

Does parenting mediate the effects of exposure to violence on violent behavior? An ecological–transactional model of community violence

Three waves of longitudinal data from a high poverty sample of 1544 African American youth were used to test an ecological–transactional model of violence. SEM analyses were conducted to determine whether parenting (Time 2) mediated the effects of exposure to violence (Time 1) on violent behaviors (Time 3). Findings supported the specified model. Multigroup SEM analyses indicated that neither family structure nor developmental stage (early versus middle/late adolescence) moderated these effects. However, exposure to violence had a larger effect on violent behaviors in female versus male youth, although the difference was simply in magnitude, not direction. A final model that predicted change scores also provided support for the hypothesized ecological–transactional model of violence.     

Factors underlying parental decisions about combination childhood vaccinations including MMR: A systematic review

Suboptimal childhood vaccination uptake results in disease outbreaks, and in developed countries is largely attributable to parental choice. To inform evidence-based interventions, we conducted a systematic review of factors underlying parental vaccination decisions. Thirty-one studies were reviewed. Outcomes and methods are disparate, which limits synthesis; however parents are consistently shown to act in line with their attitudes to combination childhood vaccinations. Vaccine-declining parents believe that vaccines are unsafe and ineffective and that the diseases they are given to prevent are mild and uncommon; they mistrust their health professionals, Government and officially-endorsed vaccine research but trust media and non-official information sources and resent perceived pressure to risk their own child's safety for public health benefit. Interventions should focus on detailed decision mechanisms including disease-related anticipated regret and perception of anecdotal information as statistically representative. Self-reported vaccine uptake, retrospective attitude assessment and unrepresentative samples limit the reliability of reviewed data – methodological improvements are required in this area.     

Parental Response to Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Availability: Uptake and Intentions

This study examined parental responses to the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine approximately 2 years post-licensure. Correlates of vaccine uptake included daughter age, physician recommendation, and parental knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes. Correlates of vaccination intentions were consistent with previous research. Findings can inform future efforts aimed at promoting HPV vaccination.     

危重症患儿父母对复苏陪伴的态度及其影响因素分析

目的探讨危重症患儿父母对复苏陪伴的态度及影响因素,旨在为改善患儿及家属在复苏过程的体验提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法,方便抽样选取郑州大学附属儿童医院2018年8月—2019年8月住院的危重症患儿父母为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、家属版复苏陪伴利弊评估量表(FPDR-BRS)对危重症患儿父母对复苏陪伴的态度进行调查,并分析其影响因素。共发放问卷200份,回收有效问卷189份,有效回收率为94.5%。结果189名危重症患儿父母FPDR-BRS总分为(74.75±22.54)分;单因素分析显示,危重症患儿父母FPDR-BRS总分在与患儿的关系、父母职业、文化水平、有无复苏经历方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多重线性回归分析显示,与患儿的关系、父母职业和文化水平是复苏陪伴态度的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论危重症患儿父母对复苏陪伴的认同度处于中等水平,与患儿的关系、父母职业和文化水平是影响复苏陪伴态度的因素,医护人员应根据复苏陪伴态度的影响因素制订针对性的干预措施以改善患儿及家属在复苏过程中的体验。     

Neonatal intensive care nurses’ perceptions of implementing parent discharge preparation tools

BackgroundStandardized tools for discharge education can facilitate transitions from the neonatal intensive care unit to home. Perceptions of nurses regarding parental discharge preparation and relevant tools can inform implementation.PurposeTo describe nurses’ perceptions of discharge preparedness and implementation of a standardized tool to facilitate nurse-parent engagement in discharge education.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with seven nurses meeting eligibility criteria. Interviews were conducted using an interview guide developed for this study and were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed.ResultsThree major themes emerged: 1) Discharge Education is an Ongoing and Evolving Process; 2) Nurse-Parent Partnerships; and 3) Importance of Context to Implementation of Standardized Tools. Sub-themes emerged from the data to support each major theme.ConclusionStandardized tools can improve parent discharge preparedness and implementation of these tools is facilitated by well-described processes, partnerships between nurses and parents, and tailoring to the unit context.     

Parents’ experiences and needs regarding physical and occupational therapy for their young children with cerebral palsy

ObjectiveTo explore the experiences and needs of parents of young children (aged 2–4 years) with cerebral palsy (CP) regarding their child's physical and occupational therapy process in a rehabilitation setting.MethodsA qualitative design was used involving semi-structured interviews with 21 parents of young children with CP. Interviews were conducted until informational redundancy was achieved.ResultsThree major themes were identified: Information, communication and partnership. A fourth, overarching theme emerged: The process of parent empowerment. Experiences and needs differed between parents and changed over time.ConclusionThis study suggests that various themes play a key role in the experiences and needs of parents of young children with CP. The identified themes provide important insights into how and why service providers might change their approach.Practice implicationsBecoming empowered is a dynamic process for parents, in which both parents and service providers play a role. Service providers should continually adapt their role to parents’ needs of information, communication and partnership, and they should support and facilitate parents in becoming empowered. For that, service providers should be educated on the process of parent empowerment, on ways to facilitate this process and on the importance of involving and interacting with parents.This allows families of young children with CP to be provided with services that best suit their needs.     

广州市儿童发生意外伤害与其父母知识、态度和行为的相关性研究

目的了解广州市1～7岁儿童意外伤害发生的情况及其父母对意外伤害的知识、态度和行为,并确定相关的危险因素.方法采取描述性相关性研究的方法, 对202名1～7岁儿童及其父母进行问卷调查,运用SPSS软件包进行数据的统计分析.结果意外伤害的发生率为34.7%;伤害的发生与儿童的年龄,父母的职业、文化程度及接受安全教育的情况有关;父母的知识与其行为有关,接受安全教育的情况与其知识和行为有关.结论儿童年龄越小越容易发生意外伤害;经常接受安全教育可减少伤害的发生;掌握安全知识可减少不良行为,经常接受安全教育可改善父母的知识和行为.社区护士应加强对父母的健康教育以减少儿童意外伤害的发生.     

A Pan-European evaluation of residential burns camps for children and young people

Introduction

Residential camps for children who have experienced a severe burn have existed for over 20 years. The idea stemmed from recognition that children with burns face additional challenges, both physical and psychological, and therefore need long-term psychosocial support away from the acute care setting. Whilst individual programmes have published positive evaluation findings, there have been no cross-regional evaluations undertaken to date.

Methods

Five European burn camp programmes agreed to take part in a cross-regional study to assess the benefits as reported by participants. Shared objectives included: giving children the opportunity to experience success through overcoming challenging activities, enhancing self-esteem and confidence and enabling children to share their experiences of having a burn with peers and staff in a supportive environment. Each site collected qualitative feedback from children, parents and staff using a common framework. Simple Likert scale data were also collected. Each site coded responses into themes which were then collated at one site.

Results

104 children, 57 parent/carers and 50 staff took part in the cross-regional evaluation. Children were aged between 5 and 18 years. 98% of children reported that they had enjoyed camp, in particular the activities and the sense of achievement they brought, along with the ability to gain support and friendship from peers and staff. A large proportion felt that they had benefitted from having the opportunity to share their experiences of having a burn with peers, leaving them feeling less isolated. In addition some comments related to boosting confidence and self-esteem and mastering new skills.Parent/carers again cited the increase in their child's confidence in self and appearance as key benefits of the camps. Staff reports also included the benefits for burn care teams by increasing awareness of patient needs and improving multidisciplinary team working.

Discussion

The study highlighted the generic benefits of burn camps by collapsing themes across five different sites. Whilst this minimised the localised differences between camps, further research could be used to analyse these subtle differences in greater detail. Some consideration was made of the language barriers between sites which could have effected the interpretation of some of the individual themes. A multi-methodological approach could be used to reduce this effect in future.