An exploration of parents’ knowledge,attitudes and practices towards the use of antibiotics in childhood upper respiratory tract infections in a tertiary Jordanian Hospital

Objectives

The present study aimed to evaluate the parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards the use of antibiotics for childhood upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), at the Jordanian University Hospital.

Measuring vaccine acceptance among Canadian parents: A survey of the Canadian Immunization Research Network

Parental decision making about childhood vaccinations is complex and multidimensional. There is a perception that the number of parents having concerns regarding childhood vaccinations has been increasing in Canada. The aim of this study was to explore vaccine hesitancy among Canadian parents and to examine factors associated with a parent’s intention to vaccinate his/her child. Informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) this study assesses potential associations between parents’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs toward vaccination and their intention to vaccinate their child in the future. A national sample of Canadian parents of children aged 24–59 months (N = 2013) was surveyed using an online survey methodology. Half of the surveyed parents strongly intended to have their child vaccinated in the future. Parents’ information needs and searches as well as parents’ trust in different institutions were associated with intention to vaccinate. Parents who reported having frequently looked for vaccine information, who considered that it was their role as parents to question vaccines, or who had previously experienced difficulty accessing vaccination services were less likely to strongly intend to vaccinate their child in the future. Parents who had a high level of trust in doctors and public health were most likely to strongly intend to vaccinate their child. Results of the multivariate analysis showed that positive attitudes (aOR = 8.0; 95% CI: 6.0, 10.4), higher perceived social support (aOR = 3.0; 95% CI: 2.3, 3.93), and higher perceived behavioural control (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.43) were associated with parents’ intention to vaccinate their child. Findings of this study suggest that trust-building interventions that promote pro-vaccine social norms and that address negative attitudes toward vaccination could enhance vaccine acceptance among Canadian parents.     

Parent support programmes and policies in the Caribbean

ABSTRACT

The authors, through a consultancy with the Caribbean Child Development Centre, the University of the West Indies Open Campus, sought to identify comprehensive parent support programmes and policies in the healthcare sector in non-Spanish-speaking Caribbean countries. As mapping researchers, the authors were contracted to map policies and programmes in the healthcare sector whose aims were to support both family wellbeing and children’s healthy development. A review of the existing literature about parenting practices and parenting support programming in the Caribbean was conducted. A catalogue of existing programmes and policies in non-Spanish speaking Caribbean countries was compiled using relevant documents and interviews from primary sources involved in the programmes and the development and implementation of policies. This article outlines the trends identified during the interviews and mapping exercise.     

青少年截瘫患者父母心理状况的调查及干预

目的了解青少年截瘫患者父母亲的心理状况和需求,探索促进其身心健康的相关因素及干预方法。方法对42例青少年截瘫患者父母亲选用自编一般情况调查表及症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行调查及分析,并与全国常模比较,并根据调查存在的心理问题与实施3个月的心理干预,并比较干预前后的差异。结果截瘫患者父母(SCL-90)中躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、恐怖显著高于我国常模值(P<0.05);经3个月的心理干预后与干预前相比其(SCL-90)的得分显著降低(P<0.05)。结论在护理和关注青少年截瘫的同时,医护人员应深入了解其父母的心理状况,并给予相应的心理指导,更好促进患者身心健康。     

早期教育对父母亲心理健康的影响

目的 调查坚持参加早教学习班的父母亲的心理健康状况.方法 采用90项症状清单（SCL-90）对常规参加早教学习训练的父母亲在婴儿4个月、6个月时进行心理健康评估,与未坚持参加早教训练的父母亲的心理健康状况作对照.结果 在婴儿4个月和6个月时,两组在躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑4个因子为筛选阳性的例数有差异,实验组4个月和6个月时例数分别为40例和20例;对照组分别是119例和81例,两组比较差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.结论 坚持参加早期教育训练班对父母亲心理健康有积极的正面影响,能有效地减轻躯体化、强迫、焦虑、抑郁的症状.     

慢性病儿童父母疾病不确定感与家庭管理状况相关性研究

目的 探讨慢性病儿童父母疾病不确定感与家庭管理状况的相关性,为慢性病儿童的治疗与康复提供干预依据。方法 采用家庭管理测量量表（FAMM）和中文版疾病不确定感家属量表（MUIS—FM）对200名慢性病儿童父母进行调查。采用Pearson相关性分析方法 分析量表间的相关性。结果 慢性病儿童父母MUIS—FM总分为（104．46±15．17）分：慢性病儿童父母FAMM总分为（195．46±11．24）分,其中,患儿认可得分为（15．46±2．14）分,照护能力得分为（38．22±6．42）分,疾病负担得分为（15．16±2．71）分,生活困难得分为（57．35±8．54）分,疾病影响得分为（37．29±5．22）分,家长关系得分为（31．35±3．18）分;Pearson相关分析显示,慢性病儿童父母疾病不确定感与家庭管理方式存在显著相关性。结论 父母疾病不确定感是影响家庭管理状况的重要因素,降低慢性病儿童父母的疾病不确定感能改善家庭管理状况．促进患儿身心康复。     

小儿外科患儿父母情绪障碍的调查研究

目的调查小儿外科患儿父母的情绪状态,为促进临床治疗及改善医患关系提供干预依据。方法采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）对200例小儿外科患儿父母进行调查,将结果与常模进行比较。结果小儿外科手术患儿父母的SAS和SDS评分分别为（38．58±7．42）分和（48．26±8．59）分,明显高于常模的（29．78±10．07）分和（41．88±10．57）分（t=9．16,5．45,P〈0.01）。结论小儿外科患儿父母存在不同程度的焦虑抑郁情绪,临床医护人员对他们应给予积极干预。     

Early intervention for autism: Who provides treatment and in what settings

Early intensive interventions have become popular. Thus, not surprisingly, the amount of research surrounding this topic has increased and evolved rapidly. The persons providing treatment, the settings in which treatment is provided, and the methods used have varied considerably. This paper reviews current trends. For example, 20–40 h of therapy weekly has consistently characterized the literature. Conversely, the role of parents has transformed as they have increasingly become co-therapists. One major concern is that little effort has been put into the transition from these intensive programs to educational settings. These factors and related parameters are reviewed and the implications are discussed.     

Role of parental occupation in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and severity

Some have suggested that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may present with less recognizable autistic-like phenotypic characteristics, leading them to highly systemizing occupations. Using secondary analysis of data from two previous studies of children with ASD, we tested associations between parental occupations and ASD diagnosis and the association of parental occupational characteristics on ASD severity. We found that fathers in healthcare (P < 0.01) and finance (P = 0.03) were more likely to have children with ASD. Additionally, joint effects of parental technical occupations were associated with communication (P < 0.01) and social impairment (P = 0.04). These results support that a “broader phenotype” and possible assortative mating in adults with autistic-like characteristics might contribute to intergenerational transmission and having offspring with greater ASD severity.