癌基因c-erbB-2、组织蛋白酶D在胃癌中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨癌基因c-erbB-2、组织蛋白酶D（Cath-D)在胃癌中的表达及其与胃癌发展的关系。方法 应用免疫组织化学方法检测102例胃癌组织的c-erbB-2、Cath-d蛋白表达，分析其与胃癌生物学行为之间的关系。结果 c-erbB-2阳性率38.2%，Cath-D阳性率81.4%。c-erbB-2阳性者Cath-D的阳性率明显高于c-erbB-2阴性者，c-erbB-2和Cath-D表达与胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移密切相关，而与组织学分型无关。Cath-D表达还与肿瘤的生长方式及脉管内癌栓有关；c-erbB-2和Cath-D表达阳性的胃癌患者5年生存率较表达阴性者低。结论 c-erbB-2和Cath-D对胃癌的生长、浸润和转移有促进作用，c-erbB-2和Cath-d可作为反映胃癌生物学行为的指标之一。     

Cytogenetic abnormalities related to histopathologic grade of astrocytic tumors

Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 7 lowgrade astrocytomas, 10 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 14 glioblastomas. Abnormal chromosome numbers were noted in all cases of high-grade astrocytomas but were rarely noted in low-grade astrocytomas (28%). The most consistent changes in high-grade astrocytomas were complete loss of chromosome 10 (61%), gain of chromosome 7 (56%), and loss of chromosome 17 (28%). Certain structural abnormalities, such as marker chromosomes and double minutes (33%), and the deletion and translocation of chromosomes 1 (33%) and 17 (17%), were also noted. These results indicate that changes in the number and/or structure of chromosomes with related inactivation of tumor suppressor gene or oncogene activation might play a critical role in the formation and anaplastic progression of astrocytic tumors.     

氧化型低密度脂蛋白诱导U937细胞凋亡及其对p53、p21和Bcl-2表达的影响

为研究单核细胞源性泡沫细胞凋亡机制,以氧化型低密度脂蛋白诱导人髓系白血病细胞U937凋亡,观察p5 3、p2 1和Bcl- 2的表达。用流式细胞术和DNA断裂分析检测细胞凋亡;用细胞免疫荧光标记结合流式细胞术检测p5 3、p2 1和Bcl- 2蛋白表达,反转录聚合酶链反应显示p5 3、p2 1和Bcl- 2mRNA表达水平。结果表明氧化型低密度脂蛋白可致U937细胞凋亡,其作用具有浓度效应;氧化型低密度脂蛋白诱导U937细胞凋亡过程中,p5 3、p2 1mRNA和蛋白表达增加,Bcl- 2mRNA和蛋白表达减少。提示氧化型低密度脂蛋白可能通过上调p5 3、p2 1基因表达,下调Bcl- 2基因,导致U937细胞凋亡。     

NET-1在子宫内膜癌中的表达及意义

目的研究NET-1在子宫内膜癌前病变及子宫内膜样腺癌组织中的异常表达,探讨其在子宫内膜癌发生、发展、浸润及转移中的作用。方法免疫组化法检测正常子宫内膜（16例）、子宫内膜增生（24例）及子宫内膜腺癌（66例）中NET-9．2％）、及子宫内膜癌（100％）中的阳性表达率不同（X^2=11．88,P〈0．01）。子宫内膜癌组织中NET-1阳性表达率高于正常子宫内膜及单纯型增生组织（X^2=36．14,10．86,P〈0．01）,子宫内膜增生组织中NET-1阳性表达率高于正常子宫内膜组织（X^2=5．29,P〈0．05）。NET-1阳性表达程度与内膜病变程度呈正相关（r=0．355,P〈0．01）。子宫内膜癌组织病理分级中NET一1阳性表达程度不同（X^2=11．04,P〈0．01）,NET．1阳性表达程度与病理分级呈正相关（r=0．406,P〈0．01）,手术病理分期中NET-1阳性表达程度不同（X^2=11．04,P〈0．01）,手术病理分期与NET-1阳性表达程度呈正相关（r=0．558,P〈0．01）;NET-1阳性表达程度在淋巴结转移者与无淋巴结转移者中的表达不同（Z=-3．74,P〈0．01）。肌层浸润程度中NET．1阳性表达程度不同（x。=15．90,P〈0．01）,NET-1的阳性表达程度与肌层浸润深度呈正相关（r=0．479,P〈0．01）,NET-1阳性表达程度在子宫内膜腺癌与子宫内膜腺癌伴鳞状细胞分化中比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。子宫内膜癌组织中绝经者与未绝经者的NET-1阳性表达程度比较差异有统计学意义（Z=-2．60,P〈0．01）。结论NET-1在子宫内膜癌组织中呈过表达,而NET-1阳性表达程度与病理分级、病理分期、手术病理分期及肌层浸润深度密切相关,其可能参与子宫内膜癌的发生、浸润与转移,NET-1是子宫内膜癌早期诊断、评估预后的指标及基因治疗靶点。     

转移相关基因nm23和P53及S100A4在晚期胃癌中的表达及与侵袭转移的相关性研究

目的探讨转移相关蛋白（nm23和P53及S100A4）在晚期胃癌转移发展过程中的意义。方法应用组织芯片和免疫组织化学方法研究nm23、P53和S100A4在74例胃癌患者的癌、癌旁、淋巴结转移、远处转移（肝脏、胰腺、卵巢等）组织中的表达。结果同癌旁组织相比，癌组织中P53和S100A4表达明显升高（P〈0．01），而nm23的表达明显降低（P〈0．05）；同癌组织相比，淋巴结中nm23的表达明显降低（P〈0．05）。远处转移组织S100A4表达明显升高（P〈0．01）。3者的阳性表达与胃癌的部分恶性生物学行为有关。癌组织中nm23^＋／P53^＋、P53^＋／S100A4^＋和nm23^＋／S100A4^＋的基因表型比例分别为48例（64．9％）、50例（67．6％）和39例（52．7％），其中P53^＋／S100A4^＋、nm23^＋／S100A4^＋和nm23^＋／P53^＋／S100A4^＋均与胃癌的高转移潜能相关。结论nm23和S100A4在肿瘤转移中发挥了重要作用；联合检测nm23、P53和S100A4的表达可用于评定胃癌的转移潜能。     

胃癌相关分泌蛋白CA11与胃癌关系的研究

目的确定CA11编码蛋白的性质,细胞水平、动物体内的功能,并探索其发挥作用的可能机制,以及与其它已知抑癌基因、癌基因的调控关系。方法将CA11克隆至pcDNA3.1/Myc-His(-)A载体。CA11与空载稳定转染胃癌细胞株7901,细胞爬片后行抗Myc标签及8种抑癌基因、癌基因的细胞免疫组织化学分析。CA11与空载稳定转染胃癌细胞株7901,分别行生长曲线及裸鼠荷瘤实验,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期。结果含有Myc标签CA11编码蛋白存在于CA11转染的胃癌细胞浆、细胞膜上及膜外。CA11稳定转染胃癌细胞株7901及裸鼠荷瘤实验表明,CA11能显著抑制其生长犤21d,(292.29±28.76)mm3与(1330.50±110.07)mm3比较,P<0.01犦,转染CA11的胃癌7901细胞G165.5、S24.7,与对照组空载转染7901细胞G150.5、S37.1相比,G1期增多而S期减少。8种已知抑癌基因、癌基因在CA11与空载稳定转染胃癌细胞株7901均无表达。结论证实CA11编码蛋白为一分泌蛋白,在细胞水平及动物体内均能明显抑制胃癌细胞的生长,它与多种已知抑癌基因、癌基因并无相互调节的关系。     

Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor variant III in laryngeal carcinoma tissues

Objectives

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) has been believed to be an attractive tumor-specific candidate for molecular targeting therapy. However, there is little literature dealing with this variant of EGFR expressed in laryngeal carcinomas. In the present study, we try to evaluate the expression of EGFRvIII, as well as EGFR, in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and its correlation with clinicopathological features.

Methods

Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) with TaqMan probes was applied to detect the expression for EGFR and EGFRvIII mRNA in the 39 pairs of samples of laryngeal carcinoma tissues and microscopically normal laryngeal mucosal tissues adjacent to the tumor. 2^−ΔΔCT method was used to obtain the relative quantity of target mRNA expression. The correlation between EGFRvIII expression and its clinicopathological features was analyzed by Pearson's chi-squared test.

Results

Among the 39 pairs of samples of laryngeal carcinoma tissues and microscopically normal laryngeal mucosal tissues adjacent to the tumor, the level of EGFR mRNA of the former (0.030 ± 0.076) was higher than that of the latter (0.011 ± 0.046) (P < 0.01). EGFRvIII mRNA was detected only in six samples of laryngeal carcinoma tissues. While, as control, in 39 samples of microscopically normal laryngeal mucosal tissues, EGFRvIII mRNA was hardly detected. As analyzing the correlation between expression of EGFRvIII and EGFR, we found the positive rate of EGFRvIII expression was higher in samples with relative EGFR mRNA value ≥0.025 than those of EGFR mRNA <0.025. The difference between them was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Expression of EGFRvIII in laryngeal carcinoma was confirmed in this study. It is tumor-specific and tends to be more frequent in EGFR-over expressing tumor tissues and poorly differentiated ones, which may in part contribute to the malignant phenotype.     

微小RNA与肿瘤研究进展

微小核糖核酸(miRNA)是一类在生物体中广泛表达的、非编码调节性小分子RNA。成熟的miRNA与RNA诱导沉默复合体结合后,通过与靶mRNA的特定序列互补或不完全互补结合,进而发挥阻遏翻译或引导酶切的功能。miRNA具有多种生物学功能,如调节细胞发育、分化、增殖、凋亡、免疫与应激反应等,并且具有肿瘤抑制因子及癌基因的作用,可能是诊断、治疗肿瘤的一种潜在手段。     

凋亡相关基因bcl-2及bax在肝癌的表达及意义

目的 :探讨凋亡抑制基因和凋亡促进基因 bax表达与肝癌生物学行为的关系及对肝癌预后的关系。方法 :用免疫组化L SAB法测定 40例肝癌细胞和 16例正常肝组织的 bcl- 2和 bax蛋白表达水平。结果 :bcl- 2及 bax蛋白表达阳性率在正常肝组织和肝细胞癌分别为 12 .5 % (2 / 16 )、45 .0 % (18/ 40 )、87.5 % (14/ 16 )、5 2 .5 % (2 1/ 40 ) ,两组间差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。 bcl-2、bax蛋白表达与肿瘤病理分级、分期、淋巴结转移及患者预后相关。结论 :Bcl- 2和 Bax蛋白的表达参与了肝癌的发生及进展 ,并存在相互作用的关系。 Bcl- 2蛋白表达在肝癌有独立预后价值。