Detection of contamination with antineoplastic agents in a hospital pharmacy department

The contamination with fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide and methotrexate was studied in a hospital pharmacy department where these drugs were prepared. In the preparation room, air samples were taken before and during preparation of the drugs. Methotrexate was detected in one sample which was collected during preparation (0.3g/m³). Spot samples were taken in the vertical laminar airflow safety hood before and after preparation of the drugs and after cleaning of the hood. Contamination of the laminar airflow hood was: cyclophosphamide: 1–160 ng/cm²; fluorouracil: 10–62 ng/cm² and methotrexate: 2–633 ng/cm². Spot samples from the floor in front of and beneath the laminar airflow hood showed contamination with especially fluorouracil (48–236g/m²). The gloves used during preparation of the drugs were contaminated mainly with fluorouracil (5–980 ng/cm²). Urine samples from two workers involved in the preparation of the drugs were analysed for unmetabolized cyclophosphamide; it was not detected. Although no uptake of cyclophosphamide was established, it is shown that the methods for measurement of cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil and methotrexate in the preparation room are applicable for the control of occupational exposure to these drugs.     

两种慢作用抗风湿药联合治疗类风湿关节炎临床观察

目的　观察两种慢作用抗风湿药联合治疗类风湿关节炎 (RA)的疗效及安全性。方法　 50例活动期RA患者随机分为两组 ,每组 2 5例 ,第 1组服用甲氨蝶呤 (MTX) 1 0mg/周 +雷公藤多甙 2 0mg ,每日 3次 ;第 2组服用MTX 1 0mg/周 +柳氮磺吡啶 (SASP) 1 0g ,每日 2次 ,观察 3个月。 结果　MTX +雷公藤多甙组在 6、1 2周的有效率分别为 84% ,92 % ,不良反应发生率为 36 % ,MTX +SASP组为 56 % ,88% ,不良反应发生率为 2 8%。结论　MTX +雷公藤多甙组及MTX +SASP组治疗RA的疗效相似 ,均优于单独应用MTX ,副作用无明显增加     

以泼尼松为主联合治疗多发性肌炎和皮肌炎32例

目的：比较泼尼松联合疗法和单用治疗多发性肌炎 (PM) 和皮肌炎 (DM)的疗效。方法：PM和DM患者67例分为对照组(单用糖皮质激素)35例，给予泼尼松1 mg·kg 1·d 1，qd。治疗组 32例，给予泼尼松1 mg·kg 1·d 1， qd，加甲氨蝶呤片 7.5～10.0 mg，po，每周1次；加火把花根片3片，tid。疗程4周。主要观察指标有肌力变化，皮疹，血清 ALT、AST、LDH、CK的水平及药物副作用发生率。结果∶治疗后两组患者的肌力均有不同程度改善，肌力改善幅度≥2级患者在对照组中占54.3%，在治疗组中占62.5%，二者差异无显著性(P＞0.05)。两组患者在治疗后血清 ALT、AST、LDH、CK水平均比治疗前有明显下降，差异有极显著性(P＜0.01)。治疗组患者的血清ALT、AST、LDH、CK下降的幅度明显大于对照组，差异有显著性(P＜0.05)。结论：与单用糖皮质激素的疗法相比，联合治疗方法能够使血清肌酶更快地下降，对PM和DM有更好的近期疗效。     

米非司酮保守治疗异位妊娠临床观察

目的:以氨甲蝶呤(MTX)为对照,探讨米非司酮在异位妊娠保守治疗中的作用。方法:将70例患者随机分为米非司酮组和氨甲蝶呤组进行比较。以氨甲蝶呤(MTX)为对照,观察米非司酮(Mif)治疗异位妊娠的效果。结果:2组均于治疗后10天血人绒毛膜促性腺激素开始明显下降,治疗后15天包块平均直径明显缩小,与治疗前比较差异显著(P<0.05)。米非司酮和氨甲蝶呤治疗成功率分别为91.43%和74.29%。两者比较有显著差异。结论:米非司酮治疗异位妊娠的效果优于氨甲蝶呤,且MTX有一定的不良反应,而米非司酮无1例发生不良反应,且给药方便,作为异位妊娠保守治疗的药物,有一定的临床意义和应用前景。     

序贯用药治疗异位妊娠132例临床分析

目的:观察使用甲氨蝶呤(m ethotrexate,MTX)与米非司酮(m ifepristone)序贯给药治疗异位妊娠的可行性。方法:异位妊娠确诊患者132例,按MTX 40 mg/m2的剂量肌注,12~24 h再给予米非司酮300 mg顿服;间隔3~5天,如疗效不显著可重复治疗,最多用药可达4次。采用免疫荧光法(参考值≤2.9 IU/L)检测治疗前后血β-HCG的变化。结果:大部分病例给药后血β-HCG有不同程度的下降,132例患者中有119例达到治愈标准,占90.1%。结论:应用MTX与米非司酮序贯给药是治疗异位妊娠的有效方法。     

异位妊娠MTX保守治疗过程中破裂出血病例的临床分析

目的:评价异位妊娠在MTX保守治疗过程中发生破裂出血的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析100例MTX保守治疗的异位妊娠妇女,主要测量指标为血浆HCG水平。结果:异位妊娠MTX保守治疗前、后HCG水平的上升速度与输卵管破裂出血密切相关;保守治疗给药前48 h HCG上升超过66%或给药后HCG仍持续性升高,则提示输卵管破裂可能性大;65%异位妊娠破裂出血在峡部。结论:MTX治疗前、后HCG上升的速度是预示输卵管破裂出血的良好指标;保守治疗给药前HCG上升速度超过66%/48 h或用药后HCG仍持续性升高,提示可能需要外科手术治疗;妊娠囊的着床部位也是输卵管破裂的高危因素。     

MTX预防持续性异位妊娠的分析

目的:探讨甲氨蝶呤(MTX)不同剂量作为输卵管妊娠腹腔镜保守手术辅助药物来预防持续性异位妊娠(PEP)的作用。方法:将170例行腹腔镜保守治疗输卵管妊娠未破裂患者随机分成两组,病灶残腔注射MTX 20 mg组96例为观察1组,病灶残腔注射MTX 10 mg组74例为观察2组。结果:170例患者中有4例发生PEP,发生率为2.35%。异位妊娠保守性手术中预防性应用MTX 10 mg后PEP发生率为2.7%,而20 mg组PEP发生率为2.1%,两组发生率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。术后第1天两组血-βHCG均有大幅度下降,术后1、3、12天血-βHCG下降两治疗组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。术后第1天PEP组血清-βHCG下降率低于50%,与非PEP组下降率比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),术后3、12天PEP组血清-βHCG下降率明显低于非PEP组(P<0.05)。结论:输卵管妊娠保守性手术的同时,绒毛种植部位注射MTX可降低PEP率。两剂量均可用于PEP的预防。     

Successful management of a cornual pregnancy with a single high-dose laparoscopic methotrexate injection

Cornual (interstitial) pregnancy, a very rare form of ectopic pregnancy, accounts for 2–4% of all tubal pregnancies in which conception is located in the proximal interstitial portion of the fallopian tube. Cornual resection by laparotomy is generally the preferred method of treatment, although more conservative approaches have also been described. We report a case of cornual pregnancy that was successfully treated with a single dose of 100 mg methotrexate injected into the mass of the ectopic cornual pregnancy. The serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level decreased to undetectable levels on the 60th post-operative day.