女性年龄与卵细胞染色体非整倍体异常的相关关系

目的 :直接从卵细胞水平研究女性年龄与其卵细胞染色体非整倍体间的相关关系。方法 :取试管婴儿助孕技术后未能受精成功的卵细胞 ,采用多色荧光原位杂交方法检测卵细胞 13,16 ,18,2 1和 2 2号染色体的情况。结果 :卵细胞的非整倍体率为 2 7.1% ,随着女性年龄的增加 ,卵细胞的非整倍体率也随之上升 ,两者呈较强的正相关关系 ( r=0 .88,P<0 .0 0 1)。结论 :女性年龄与其染色体非整倍体异常间存在相关性 ,对于 35岁以上行试管婴儿助孕术的妇女应同时进行遗传咨询     

MATERNAL ANEMIA AND POSTPARTUM WEIGHT CHANGE ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED MATERNAL-INFANT INTERACTION IN A RURAL KENYAN POPULATION

Associations between maternal nutritional factors including energy intake, body mass index, postpartum weight change, and anemia status and maternal-infant interactions were examined in 124 mother-infant pairs from a marginally malnourished, rural Kenyan population. Anemic mothers spent less time holding and caring for their infants than nonanemic mothers. Mothers who retained their pregnancy weight gain or were able to gain weight postpartum spent more time looking at their infants than mothers who lost weight postpartum. Maternal food intake per se was not associated with patterns of infant interaction. Lower birth weight infants were held more, cared for more, and looked at face-to-face more by their mothers. Older sisters tended to be more involved in infant interactions with higher birth weight infants.     

Human resources and access to maternal health care.

The lack of human resources is one of the main bottlenecks to achieving the Millennium Development Goals on maternal and child health. A coherent national policy, recognized across government, needs to be in place to overcome this especially in countries severely affected by HIV/AIDS. Such a policy should cover selection of pre-service students, the qualifications of trainers and training sites, supportive supervision, career path development, a package of carefully thought-out incentives for the retention of staff, strategies for interaction with communities, and an agreed-upon health staff HIV/AIDS policy. Without such coherent human resource planning, a large number of countries will fail to reduce maternal and newborn mortality.     

流动人口孕妇社区管理研究

目的了解北京市流动人口孕产妇社区管理现状,建立适合流动人口特点的孕妇保健社区管理模式。方法在北京市朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区的城乡结合部5个社区,采用专题小组讨论的方法,了解现有社区孕产妇保健管理情况采用社区流动车,为686名流动人口孕妇提供免费卫生服务。结果研究地区妇幼保健人员数量不足,管理流动人口难度大,而社区计划生育部门网络健全。在社区相关部门的配合下,实施社区流动检查车服务形式,定期到社区为流动人口孕妇提供免费服务,受到群众的欢迎,取得良好效果。结论各级政府应为流动人口孕产妇保健给予政策上的支持和必要的资金、人力投入,建立社区流动人口管理协作机制,使流动车持续发展下去。     

母亲声音刺激对缓解住院新生儿操作性疼痛的效果观察

目的 探讨母亲声音刺激对于新生儿足跟采血操作性疼痛的影响。方法 将72名新生儿监护室住院新生儿随机分成干预组（n=35）和对照组（n=37）。对照组实施常规的足跟采血操作,干预组在常规操作的基础上于操作前1 min至操作结束播放预先录制的母亲声音。记录两组新生儿穿刺前后的疼痛评分、啼哭发生和生命体征变化情况。结果 与对照组比较,干预组新生儿穿刺过程中的心率显著降低,血氧饱和度显著增高,哭闹发生率和疼痛评分显著降低（P < 0.05）。结论 母亲声音刺激有利于减少新生儿操作性疼痛,保持生命体征稳定。     

睡眠呼吸障碍对妊娠妇女母婴结局影响的研究进展

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是最常见的睡眠呼吸障碍疾病,该病主要通过间歇性低氧和睡眠片段化对人体呼吸、循环、代谢等多系统产生损害。妊娠期特有的激素水平和生理状态可能诱发或恶化OSAHS,从而增加孕妇的OSAHS患病率。目前,妊娠期OSAHS对孕妇及胎、婴儿妊娠结局的影响已经成为国内外研究热点,但并没有得...     

妊娠期母体／胎儿皮质醇的代谢及调节

皮质醇是妊娠期母体代谢与胎儿发育代谢不可缺少的物质。母体内与胎体内的皮质醇浓度梯度提示,胎盘是阻止母体皮质醇到达胎儿的屏障,11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶（11β—HSD）在这个屏障中起主导作用。在妊娠不同阶段,皮质醇代谢与调节存在差异。母体的皮质醇能在妊娠中晚期通过胎盘。多种因素会影响11β—HSD的活性,进而影响皮质醇在母体与胎儿问的代谢调节。     

The maternal pheromone and bile acids in the lactating rat

Bile was drawn from virgin rats and from postpartum rats that were with young for 5, 12, 21, and 30 days, respectively. The bile thus drawn was analyzed enzymatically after chromatographic separation to test an hypothesis relating cholic acid and one of its metabolites, deoxycholic acid, to the appearance of the maternal pheromone. Our finding that cholic acid, but not deoxycholic acid, reached a peak that was tied specifically to the period of pheromonal emission led us to advance a revised hypothesis. We now think that cholic acid alone, or more likely a cholic metabolite other than deoxycholic acid, underlies the appearance of the pheromone.     

孕产期保健对降低产科并发症发生率的效果分析

目的研究并分析孕产期保健对降低产科并发症发生率的效果。方法 166例孕妇作为研究对象,利用随机的方式分为研究组(85例)和对照组(81例)。对照组孕妇进行不定期孕产期保健,研究组孕妇进行系统性孕产期保健举措。比较两组孕妇妊娠期并发症发生情况及孕产期保健指标。结果研究组孕妇妊娠期并发症发生率为8.24%(7/85),低于对照组的50.62%(41/81),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组孕妇的产前检查、早孕检查、家庭访视、住院分娩的占比分别为91.76%、96.47%、91.76%、96.47%,均高于对照组的71.60%、74.07%、70.37%、87.65%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组孕妇的剖宫产率9.41%和低体重儿率5.88%均低于对照组的32.10%、19.75%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对处于孕产期的孕妇进行规范的系统的保健措施,可以有效降低相关并发症的发生率,进而使孕产妇能一直保持良好状态,是值得临床推广和应用。