Hepatitis C virus infection and assisted reproduction

BACKGROUND: In assisted reproduction, hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission may pose a risk for the baby, technicians, and gametes or embryos from non-contaminated parents. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors for HCV infection in a group of infertile couples. METHODS: HCV infection was investigated in 409 patients attending the infertility clinic at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, between 1997 and 1998. Serum was screened for anti-HCV using ELISA and for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA). HCV infection and semen viraemia was also investigated using HCV RNA detection. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 3.2% (8/248) among women and 3.7% (6/161) among men. All subjects were negative for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). From the 14 HCV-positive patients, two were lost, and serum was collected from the remaining 12 patients for assessment of HCV RNA, resulting in five HCV-positive cases (one woman and four men). Only one of the HCV-positive men had viraemia levels >500 000 RNA copies/ml. There was a significant risk associated with being HCV-positive in women with HCV-positive male partners (P < 0.001). In male patients, the correlation between use of intravenous drugs and HCV-positivity was also significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Since the risk for vertical and laboratory HCV infection is not well determined, and HCV prevalence is not negligible in this group, we recommend that infertile patients be screened before assisted reproductive techniques.     

A simple magnetic method for the purification of malarial pigment

Using a simple magnetic separation apparatus, Plasmodium berghei malarial pigment has been purified 200-fold in a single step. The technique exploits the paramagnetic properties of malarial pigment (hemozoin) and provides a simple and rapid method for the isolation of this material with high purification and yield.     

血清 ５ 项肿瘤标志物检测对肝癌的临床应用价值

：目的 探讨血清甲胎蛋白（ＡＦＰ）、甲胎蛋白异质体（ＡＦＰ Ｌ３）、甲胎蛋白异质体比率（ＡＦＰ Ｌ３％）、异常凝血酶原（ＤＣＰ）、 高尔基体蛋白 ７３（ＧＰ７３）单项及联合检测在慢性肝病、肝硬化和肝癌中的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析 ２０１９ 年 １０ 月至 ２０２０ 年 １２ 月吉林大学第一医院就诊的 ６ ２０２ 例住院及门诊患者。采用磁微粒化学发光免疫分析法检测各患者上述 ５ 项指 标。分别将肝癌治疗前及治疗后未缓解组、肝癌治疗后缓解组与慢性肝病及肝硬化组检测结果进行两独立样本的秩和检验 分析。通过 ＲＯＣ 曲线及 Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ 回归评估 ５ 项指标单项及联合检测在肝癌治疗前及治疗后未缓解组中的诊断效能及关联程 度。对 ５ 项指标单项及联合检验阳性率以及诊断肝癌的方法学进行评价。结果 肝癌治疗前及治疗后未缓解组、肝癌治疗后 缓解组该 ５ 项指标与慢性肝病及肝硬化组比较的差异均有统计学意义（Ｐ均＜０．０５）。５ 项指标诊断肝癌治疗前及治疗后未缓 解组的 ＲＯＣ 曲线下面积（ＡＵＣＲＯＣ）为 ０．８００ ～ ０．９１４，ｃｕｔ ｏｆｆ 值分别为：ＡＦＰ ７．７２ ｎｇ ／ ｍＬ，ＡＦＰ Ｌ３ ０．６０ ｎｇ ／ ｍＬ，ＡＦＰ Ｌ３％ ５．０％， ＤＣＰ ３６．７９ ｎｇ ／ ｍＬ，ＧＰ７３ ７８．９７ ｎｇ ／ ｍＬ；敏感性 ６９．０４％ ～ ８２．９４％，特异性 ７８．３４％ ～ ９８．２２％，约登指数 ０．４７６～ ０．８１２。联合检测诊 断肝癌治疗前及治疗后未缓解组的 ＡＵＣＲＯＣ为 ０．９２８～ ０．９９６，敏感性 ８３．２０％ ～９７．６７％，特异性 ９４．８９％ ～９８．１２％，约登指数 ０．８１１～ ０．９５５。单项检测阳性率分别为：慢性肝病及肝硬化组 ０． ６３％（ＡＦＰ Ｌ３％）～ ６． ３７％（ＡＦＰ），肝癌治疗前及治疗后未缓解组 ３２．０６％（ＧＰ７３）～ ７９．７７％（ＡＦＰ），肝癌治疗后缓解组 ５．７７％（ＡＦＰ Ｌ３％）～ １７．６３％（ＤＣＰ）；联合检验阳性率分别为：慢性肝病及 肝硬化组 ３．６７％（ＡＦＰ Ｌ３％＋ＧＰ７３）～ １１．８２％（５ 项联合），肝癌治疗前及治疗后未缓解组 ８５．８０％（ＡＦＰ＋ＡＦＰ Ｌ３％）～ ９９．８２％（５ 项联合），肝癌治疗后缓解组 １２．６７％（ＡＦＰ ＋ＡＦＰ Ｌ３％）～ ３２．９４％（５ 项联合）。诊断肝癌的敏感性分别为 ２２．６２％（ＧＰ７３）～ ６９．７７％（５ 项联合），特异性分别为 ８８．１８％（５ 项联合）～ ９９．３７％（ＡＦＰ Ｌ３％），总正确率 ４７．４４％（ＧＰ７３）～ ７５．９３％（５ 项联合），阳 性预测值 ９２．１６％（５ 项联合）～ ９９．３３％（ＡＦＰ Ｌ３％），阴性预测值 ３８．５９％（ＧＰ７３）～ ５９．４３％（５ 项联合）。结论 慢性肝病、肝硬 化及肝癌治疗前后 ５项血清学指标发生不同程度改变，联合检测对原发性肝癌的辅助诊断和评价疗效具有重要的临床应用价值。     

肝病患者检测血清总胆汁酸的临床意义

目的 探讨血清总胆汁酸（TBA）在常见肝病诊断中的临床意义。方法 利用全自动生化分析仪测定116例肝病患者血清中的TBA水平。结果 肝病患者血清中TBA水平均有明显升高。结论 TBA是肝脏受损的敏感指标，可广泛应用于肝功能检测。     

自身免疫性肝病临床与病理研究

目的分析自身免疫性肝病临床、病理特点,探讨早期诊断、治疗方法。方法１９９６—１９９８年收治６２例自身免疫性肝病,比较原发性胆汁性肝硬化（ＰＢＣ）、自身免疫性肝炎（ＡＩＨ）的临床症状、体征、生物化学指标及病理特征。结果自身免疫性肝病中ＰＢＣ占５９．６８％, ＡＩＨ ４０．３２％。自身免疫性肝病中８３．８％是中老年女性,男女之比１∶１０,而ＡＩＨ　１∶５,发病年龄平均３５岁。ＰＢＣ中血循环自身免疫抗体阳性率８５．２９％,ＡＩＨ　７８．９５％。在阳性病例中 ＡＭＡ, ＡＭＡ－Ｍ２阳性率 １００％, ＡＮＡ阳性率 ８０％,血清免疫球蛋白异常, ＰＢＣ　ＩｇＭ增高占８０％, ＡＩＨＩｇＧ增高占８２．２５％, Ｐ值＜０．０５和Ｐ值＜ ０．０２５。 ＰＢＣ肝脏活组织病理显示,胆管炎和胆管增生、炎症、损伤或三者共存的特征。ＡＩＨ显示门静脉区炎症、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、浆细胞浸润、坏死、纤维化。结论ＰＢＣ和ＡＩＨ是自身免疫性肝病临床上两个常见类型,其中ＡＩＨ以Ⅰ型为主;而血中ＡＭＡ－Ｍ２是ＰＢＣ特征抗体,强的松龙治疗效果ＡＩＨ优于ＰＢＣ。     

Sickle cell cholangiopathy： An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography evaluation

AIM: To evaluate the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).METHODS: Two hundred and twenty four SCD patients with cholestatic jaundice (CJ) had ERCP. The indications for ERCP were based on clinical and biochemical evidence of CJ and ultrasound findings.RESULTS: Two hundred and forty ERCPs were performed. The indications for ERCP were: CJ only in 79, CJ and dilated bile ducts without stones in 103, and CJ and bile duct stones in 42. For those with CJ only, ERCP was normal in 42 (53.2%), and 13 (16.5%) had dilated bile ducts without an obstructive cause. In the remaining 22, there were bile duct stones with or without dilation. For those with CJ, dilated bile ducts and no stones, ERCP was normal in 17 (16.5%), and 28 (27.2%) had dilated bile ducts without an obstructive cause. In the remaining 58, there were bile ducts stones with or without dilation. For those with CJ and bile duct stones, ERCP was normal in two (4.8%), and 14 (33.3%) had dilated bile ducts without an obstructive cause. In the remaining 26, there were bile duct stones with or without dilatation.CONCLUSION: Considering the high frequency of biliary sludge and bile duct stones in SCD, endoscopic sphincterotomy might prove helpful in these patients.     

入户访问健康教育在疟疾预防控制中的应用

目的 目的 探索入户访问健康教育方式在边疆少数民族地区疟疾预防和控制中的应用及效果。方法 方法 在云南省红 河州2个县, 采用多阶段整群抽样方法进行抽样调查。采取以定量调查为主, 定性访谈为辅的评估方法, 分别在健康教 育干预前、 后对项目区村民进行疟疾防治相关知识、 态度、 行为的调查, 比较评价干预前、 后的变化及效果。结果 结果 健康 教育干预后, 村民中知道疟疾症状、 传播途径、 预防知识和就医行为的比例为99.3%、98.9%、 79.9%和99.3%,均高于干预 前的39.2%、 8.2%、 47.0%和49.9%, 差异均有统计学意义 （P均＜0.01）。结论 结论 项目地区开展入户访问健康教育干预措施 后, 目标人群的疟疾相关知识、 态度和行为有明显改善。     

核糖核酸治疗慢性肝病低蛋白血症临床观察

目的 观察核糖核酸治疗慢性肝病低蛋白血症的疗效。方法 １２２例随机分为两组,治疗组６６例用核核酸静滴,对照组５６例用促肝细胞生长素静滴,现代化且基础治疗相同。分别测定两组治疗前及治疗一个月后血清白蛋白、球蛋白含量;对不同病型组治疗前后血清白蛋白和球蛋白含量进行比较;对侧定的结果进行统计学分析。结果 治疗后治疗组血清白蛋白含量明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）;慢肝中度和慢重肝病例治疗后治疗组血清白蛋白     

SysmexXT一2000i异常散点图筛检疟原虫感染的探讨

目的通过观察SysmexXT一2000i血液分析仪上白细胞分类散点图异常变化的规律,探讨使用全自动血液分析仪筛检疟原虫的方法。方法用SysmexXT一2000i血液分析仪检测发热患者的血常规,结合血液分析其它参数情况,对白细胞分类散点图异常的标本制血涂片,镜检查找疟原虫。结果在1172例发热患者中查出8例疟原虫感染。所有8例疟疾患者的白细胞分类散点图均在单核细胞区右上方出现异常散点图,同时其中3例白细胞分类散点图还呈现嗜酸性粒细胞与中性粒细胞间的间距变小;3例白细胞分类散点图呈现嗜酸性粒细胞与中性粒细胞间无间距。结论当SysmexXT-2000i血液分析仪检测发热患者血常规白细胞分类散点图出现上述异常时,结合患者血细胞分析参数（血红蛋白降低或血小板减少）的变化,提示有疟原虫感染的可能。通过特征性散点图可筛检疟原虫感染,防止疟原虫漏检,但需镜检确认。     

血液分析仪散点图异常对疟疾诊断的应用价值

目的利用疟原虫感染后患者血常规参数及散点图变化规律，探索快速简便发现疟原虫感染的方法。方法对15例疟疾患者的血常规参数及散点图进行分析，总结出疟原虫感染散点图的变化规律。结果疟疾患者外周血在SysmexXE2100的DIFF散点图和白细胞／嗜碱性粒细胞散点图中嗜酸性粒细胞、不典型淋巴细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞等特定区域出现异常散点图，并伴有不同程度的血细胞减少。结论分析血细胞分析仪的DIFF散点图和白细胞／嗜碱性粒细胞散点图时，疑有疟原虫感染，进行血涂片镜检，将提高疟原虫检出率。