In vitro activity of new fluoroquinolones and linezolid against non-tuberculous mycobacteria

The objective of the study was to determine the activity of new fluoroquinolones and linezolid against 108 clinical isolates of different species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated in Spain. Gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin were found to be more effective than levofloxacin. Mycobacterium kansasii was more susceptible to the fluoroquinolones tested than M. avium complex and M. fortuitum was more susceptible than M. chelonae. Linezolid was more active against M. kansasii than against M. avium complex. A better understanding of the relationship between the in vitro activity of these compounds and their usefulness in the treatment of these infections is needed. The new fluoroquinolones exhibit good activity against M. kansasii and M. fortuitum and linezolid is active against M. kansasii.     

Disseminated Nocardia farcinica infection in a patient with myasthenia gravis successfully treated by linezolid: a case report and literature review

Nocardiosis is increasingly being diagnosed because of a growing population of immunocompromised hosts and improvements in the detection of Nocardia species in clinical laboratories. Historically, sulphonamides have been the first-line therapy for the treatment of nocardiosis, but sulphonamides tend to have a high rate of drug allergy in clinical settings. In this report, we described a disseminated Nocardia farcinica infection that occurred in a patient with myasthenia gravis who suffered from multiple drug allergies and was successfully treated using linezolid. We undertook a review of the literature of previously reported cases of nocardiosis treated with linezolid. To date, only 15 cases of nocardiosis treated with linezolid have been published. All cases exhibited long-term tolerance of linezolid, and 14 of 15 cases showed either an improvement in or complete clearance of the infection. According to the literature review, linezolid is an attractive alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of disseminated nocardiosis, despite limited clinical evidence to support this claim.     

利奈唑胺对革兰阳性球菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的检测利奈唑胺对临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌等革兰阳性球菌的体外抗菌活性,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法采用VITEK-32全自动微生物分析仪和ATB自动微生物分析仪鉴定和药敏系统对临床分离的常见革兰阳性球菌267株进行鉴定和药敏试验．根据其药敏结果比较8种抗菌药物对葡萄球菌、肠球菌的抗菌活性。结果在临床分离的267株菌中金黄色葡萄球闺111株,MRSA74株（占66．7％）,凝同酶阴性葡萄球菌96株（表皮葡萄球菌57株、溶血葡萄球菌39株）,MRCNS有80株（占86．0％）,粪肠球菌45株、屎肠球菌13株。利奈唑胺对207株葡萄球菌、58株肠球菌体外抗菌活性分别为100％,93．1％,与万古霉素相当,明显高于其他常用的抗生素（如红霉素、头孢唑林、环丙沙星等）。其对金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、肠球菌的MIC50和MIC90分别为1．1mg／L;1.1mg／L：2.4mg／L。结论耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌发生率高,多重耐药严重,利奈唑胺对葡萄球菌的抗菌活性与万古霉素相当．对肠球菌也有较强的抗菌活性。葡萄球菌、肠球菌对左氧氟沙星、四环素、红霉素均产生了不同程度的耐药性。     

强化期利奈唑胺替代乙胺丁醇治疗药物敏感肺结核的临床效果观察

目的 探讨在抗结核标准治疗方案中使用利奈唑胺代替乙胺丁醇方案治疗药物敏感肺结核的效果.方法 将2018年1月—2020年7月在盘锦市传染病医院就诊的43例药物敏感肺结核患者随机分为对照组和利奈唑胺组.对照组给予标准抗结核方案治疗.利奈唑胺组使用利奈唑胺替代标准抗结核治疗方案中的乙胺丁醇进行治疗.比较两组的治疗效果、治疗...     

Successful treatment of linezolid-induced severe lactic acidosis with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration: A case report

Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic. Linezolid-associated lactic acidosis has been reported in 6.8% of linezolid-treated patients. Lactic acidosis is associated with poor clinical outcomes, with high blood lactate levels resulting in organ dysfunction and mortality. This case report describes the development of lactic acidosis in a 64-year-old Chinese woman who had received 33 days of treatment with antituberculosis drugs and 28 days of treatment with oral linezolid for tuberculous meningitis. Severe lactic acidosis was reversed by withdrawing antituberculosis drugs and using continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVH). When the patient's condition was stable, she was transferred to the infectious disease department, and antituberculosis drugs, with the exception of linezolid, were reintroduced. This did not result in recurrence of lactic acidosis. The causal relationship between lactic acidosis and linezolid was categorized as ‘probable’ on the Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale. This case demonstrates that CVVH has potential as an alternative to discontinuation of linezolid alone for rapid reversal of linezolid-associated severe lactic acidosis.     

利奈唑胺与万古霉素治疗医院获得性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌肺炎的疗效比较

目的:比较利奈唑胺与万古霉素治疗医院获得性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)肺炎的疗效和安全性。方法:将72例医院获得性MRSA肺炎患者随机均分为两组,利奈唑胺组患者静脉滴注利奈唑胺600 mg,q 12 h;万古霉素组患者静脉滴注万古霉素500 mg,q 8 h。两组患者疗程均为14 d。评价和比较两组患者的临床疗效、细菌学疗效及不良反应情况。结果:利奈唑胺组患者总有效率和细菌清除率显著高于万古霉素组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而不良反应发生率与万古霉素组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对于医院获得性MRSA肺炎的治疗利奈唑胺总体疗效优于万古霉素,而安全性相似。     

利奈唑胺相关性血小板减少的主动监测研 究简

目的：研究应用计算机辅助筛查技术实现主动监测药物相关性血小板减少的可行性.方法：基于住院患者药品不良事件主动监测与评估警示系统,针对利奈唑胺相关性血小板减少制订为期10 个月的回顾性监测计划,设置事件配置器参数,分析系统的阳性预测值和利奈唑胺相关性血小板减少的发生规律.结果：系统自动监测899 例次利奈唑胺用药患者,共耗时5 分41 秒,经临床药师分层评估常规病例的阳性预测值为60.98%,预排除病例（疑难病例）的阳性预测值为13.33%,利奈唑胺相关性血小板减少的发生率为15.72%,年龄、体质量、体质量指数、是否危重症患者对事件发生的影响存在-定的差异.结论：住院患者药品不良事件主动监测与评估警示系统可以实现药物相关性血小板减少的快速识别和辅助评估,并且能够初步测算发生特征和危险因素,有助于严重药源性疾病的早期防控,具有实际应用价值.     

利奈唑胺葡萄糖注射液致白细胞增多1例

1 病例资料 患儿,男,3岁2个月,体质量16 kg.因"不明原因咳嗽,气促,憋喘明显伴发热5d"于2019年12月5日至山东大学齐鲁儿童医院治疗.患儿于人院前5d无明显诱因出现发热,体温不详,当地社区给予退热、灌肠等治疗,效果不佳.人院查体:体温37.0℃,呼吸每分钟60次,脉搏每分钟160次,血压122/79 mm...     

利奈唑胺与万古霉素治疗老年呼吸机相关性肺炎的疗效与安全性研究

目的探讨利奈唑胺与万古霉素治疗老年呼吸机相关性肺炎的疗效与安全性。方法选取我院2015年6月23日~2017年6月24日收治的因呼吸机导致的老年肺炎50例,采用电脑随机抽签的方式把患者分为对照组与观察组,对照组25例患者采用万古霉素进行治疗,观察组25例患者采用利奈唑胺进行治疗,对比两组治疗总有效率、细菌清除率及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组治疗总有效率与细菌清除率分别为92.00%与84.00%,对照组治疗总有效率与细菌清除率分别为68.00%与60.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗期间两组患者不良反应发生率均为8.00%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在老年呼吸机相关性肺炎的治疗中,利奈唑胺的治疗总有效率以及细菌清除率要优于万古霉素,且不良反应少,具有较高的安全性,值得推广。