超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测消毒产品中13种抗生素

目的采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立消毒产品中8类13种抗生素的检测方法。方法样品经甲醇或乙腈提取后,经Waters HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)分离,三重四级杆串联质谱仪检测。结果13种选定的抗生素在4~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.991,检出限为2~25μg/kg。在3种不同剂型的消毒产品中,低、中、高3个浓度加标水平的回收率为71.2%~130.4%,相对标准偏差均小于11.3%,满足消毒产品中抗生素违法添加的检测要求。运用建立的方法,在一份膏霜剂型的消毒产品中检测出氧氟沙星,含量为21.1 mg/kg,其余样品中均未检出相关物质。结论该方法简单、可靠、重现性好,覆盖的抗生素种类多。     

体质指数正常人群中的代谢综合征患病情况

目的 了解体质指数（BMI）正常人群多代谢异常与代谢综合征（MS）的患病情况。方法 选取2016年1月—2017年12月健康体检人群为研究对象,以2004年中华医学会糖尿病学分会制订的MS诊断标准,符合纳入标准的正常BMI对象共5 781名（男3 069名,女2 712名）。根据BMI的四分位数将调查对象分成Q1～Q4组计算性别、年龄别MS的患病率。结果 5 781名对象的MS患病率为12.71％（男性9.22％,女性16.67％,χ2 = 71.92,P＜0.001）。专业技术人员的MS患病率较其它职业人群显著增高（χ2 = 19.76,P = 0.001）,低学历人群的MS患病率较高学历人群显著增高（χ2 = 10.79,P = 0.005）。男性随BMI升高（Q1～Q4）MS患病率由3.21％增至17.54％（χ2 = 87.11,P＜0.001）;女性（Q1～Q4）MS患病率由7.32％增至29.78％（χ2 = 147.66,P＜0.001）。男性各个BMI组MS患病率均低于女性（Q1:3.21% vs 7.32%,χ2 = 10.31,P＜0.001;Q2:6.35% vs 10.26%,χ2 = 8.64, P＜0.001;Q3:9.72% vs 19.27%,χ2 = 27.39, P＜0.001;Q4:17.54% vs 29.79%,χ2 = 28.11,P＜0.001）。男性随年龄升高（≤40岁～≥60岁）MS患病率由3.43％增至13.15％（χ2 = 67.09,P＜0.001）、女性（≤40岁～≥60岁）MS患病率由10.72％增至24.25％（χ2 = 54.43,P＜0.001）;随BMI升高（Q1～Q4）,伴有MS组分异常的患病率由28.51％增至40.56％（χ2 = 77.39,P＜0.001）。结论 BMI正常人群仍有一定多代谢异常和MS患病率,要注意BMI正常人群的代谢性健康风险管理。     

Identification of quinolinic acid in rat and human brain tissue

An analytical technique for the determination of the excitotoxic compound quinolinic acid (2,3-pyridine dicarboxylic acid) in brain tissue has been developed. Following sample prepurification by ion exchange and high pressure liquid chromatography, quinolinic acid is converted to the dihexafluoroisopropyl ester and the derivative is analyzed by mass fragmentography. Using the present technique quinolinic acid has been identified in both rat and human brain tissue.     

The Genetics of Obesity: What Have Genetic Studies Told Us About the Environment

Genetic studies have shown that both childhood and adult body mass index are substantially heritable. The evidence for shared family environmental influences is largely absent, even though there are clear indications that secular changes in energy expenditure have brought about a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity. This apparent inconsistency may be explained by the dual phenomena of the near-universality of access to environments that facilitate reductions in energy expenditure (e.g., TV as a recreational pastime), together with heritable individual differences in the response to or utilization of these environments. The impact of changes in nonshared environments on body weight can be estimated from biometrical genetical studies and is found to be both small and relatively short-lived. Genetic and environmental results from longitudinal studies are consistent with what is known about the changing distribution of adiposity during adulthood and clinical experience of the difficulty of maintaining behavioral-induced weight loss.     

Impaired renal function due to raised intraabdominal pressure

A 19-year-old male developed renal failure after a laparotomy for liver trauma (urinary output of 30 ml/h, plasma creatinine 220 mol/l). Surgical decompression of the abdomen was performed without any attempt at correcting the underlying pathology. This reduced the intraabdominal pressure (IAP) from 40 to 24 cm H₂O and resulted in a massive diuresis (530 ml/h). Twenty-four hours later the plasma creatinine peaked at 280 mol/l and then returned to within the normal range. This case report confirms that there is a direct relationship between IAP and renal function.     

The contribution of bone loss to postmenopausal osteoporosis

We have addressed the relative importance of peak bone mass and subsequent rate of loss in determining postmenopausal women's bone mass in old age, by examining longitudinal measurements of radial mid-shaft bone mass on various samples of healthy white postmenopausal women. Using both the variance estimate of age-specific rates of bone loss and the population variance in bone mass, we determined that rates of loss could contribute importantly to future bone mass. However, since we found a small negative correlation between initial bone mass and rate of loss, it was necessary to estimate the effect of bone loss as the complement of the contribution of initial bone mass. We found that the influence of bone loss (relative to initial bone mass) increases as the women age, such that by about age 70, the contribution of initial bone mass and rate of loss approached equality. However, estimated rates of bone loss were not very stable over time, so it was difficult to identify long-term fast-losers. We conclude that the rate of postmenopausal bone loss is an important contributor to osteoporosis at old age, but it is difficult to identify long-term fast-losers, thereby reducing the clinical value of assessments of rates of change in bone mass early in the postmenopause.     

血清C—反应蛋白测定在女性盆腔包块鉴别诊断中的意义

目的;探讨C－反应蛋白（CRP）测定对女性盆腔包块鉴别诊断的临床价值。方法：分别测定盆腔炎性包块、良恶性肿瘤患者及无盆腔包块正常妇女血清C－反应蛋白。结果：炎性包块组、恶性肿瘤组血清CRP水平极显著地高于良性肿瘤组和正常对照组（P＜0．01）,且炎性包块组血清CRP水平升高的程度远大于恶性肿瘤组（P＜0．01）;而良性肿瘤组血清CRP与正常对照组无显著差异（P＞0．05）,两者均在正常范围。结论：血清CRP极显著升高者,首先应考虑炎性包块;较显著升高者,在排除感染,创伤及其他引起CRP升高者外要考虑盆腔恶性肿瘤的可能;CRP在正常范围者炎性包块的可能性极小。说明血清CRP测定是女性盆腔包块鉴别诊断的有用手段。     

蛋白质非酶糖基化导致理化性状改变

目的观察蛋白质糖基化后理化特性的改变。方法牛血清白蛋白(BSA)与葡萄糖在体外共同孵育后,经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)及荧光分光光度计测定荧光值和扫描荧光光谱。结果糖基化BSA荧光光谱改变,糖基化终产物(AGEs)荧光值增加;单体BSA在PAGE上向正极泳动加速,SDS-PAGE近负极段出现新的弥散带。结论蛋白质非酶糖基化可导致棕色变、阴电荷增加、分子量增大、荧光光谱改变。     

高血压病人胰岛素抵抗状态分析

目的了解高血压患者同时存在多种代谢异常时胰岛素敏感性。方法测定４１例高血压患者和４０例健康者胰岛素敏感性指数。再将高血压组分为单纯高血压、合并高血糖、合并高脂血症、合并高血糖高血脂、合并肥胖组。结果合并高血糖高血脂组胰岛素敏感性降低的发生率明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０５）。直线相关分析结果显示,无论是高血压组还是正常组的体重指数与胰岛素敏感性指数呈明显负相关（高血压组ｒ＝－０．３７,Ｐ〈０．０５;正常组ｒ