Intelligence and temperament as protective factors for mental health. A cross-sectional and prospective epidemiological study

The Sjöbring system of personality dimensions measuring intellectual capacity, activity, impulsivity and sociability was used to study possible salutogenic (i.e. causes of health) effects. The study comprised 590 subjects investigated in 1947, 1957, 1972 and 1988–1989 in the Lundby project, an epidemiological study in Sweden. Psychiatric diagnoses were made in 1947, 1957 and 1972. Mental health was estimated in 1988–1989 using the concept love well, work well, play well and expect well. The Sjöbring dimensions were clinically assessed in 1972. Both in the concurrent study in 1972 and in the prospective study in 1988–1989 super capacity (high intellectual function), super validity (high activity level) and super solidity (low impulsivity) were statistically associated with lower frequencies of certain psychiatric diagnoses and a higher frequency of positive mental health. These variables are proposed to increase coping capacity, and therefore increase stress resilience.     

皮层下动脉硬化性脑病的智能障碍分析

目的：探讨皮质下动脉硬化性脑病对智能活动的影响。方法：采用韦氏成人智力量表对３４例皮质下动脉硬化性脑病患者和４３例正常人进行比较分析。结果：病人各组分测验成绩明显低于对照组,且随ＣＴ显示白质损害程度的加重逐渐减少。智商比较病人各组与对照组差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。当合并脑萎缩时智能损害更为严重,而多发腔隙性脑梗塞对智能影响不大。结论：皮质下动脉硬化性脑病的智能障碍的病理生理基础为侧脑室周围及半卵园中心等白质损害,其损害范围和程度与智能障碍的程度呈正相关,脑萎缩的出现在其智能障碍发展过程中起一定作用。     

Long-term outcome in 134 patients with galactosaemia

In a retrospective study 134 galactosaemic patients, born between 1955 and 1989 in the Federal Republic of Germany were traced and their long-term outcome evaluated. We investigated 83 galactosaemic patients (78 homozygotes, 5 compound heterozygotes) by clinical, psychometric and laboratory testing; 31 patients were evaluated by medical history, the remaining 20 patients had died due to sequelae of the underlying disease. In 48 out of 78 classical galactosaemia patients galactose-free therapy had been started before the 15th day, in 19 between days 15 and 56 and in 11 patients after the 56th day. Physical findings revealed that puberty was delayed in 1 out of 18 males and 6 out of 11 females. Neurological abnormalities included ataxia (n=6), intention tremor (n=11) and microcephaly (n=10). Speech abnormalities were found in 43 out of 66 patients over 3 years of age and disturbance of visual perception and/or arithmetic deficits in 29. Intelligence declined with age, i.e., a DQ or IQ less than 85 was found in 4 out of 34 patients less than 6 years of age (12%), in 10 out of 18 between 7 and 12 years (56%) and in 20 out of 24 older than 12 years (83%). Metabolite patterns (RBC galactose-1-phosphate and UDP-galactose, plasma and urinary galactitol) did not correlate with DQ or IQ. Dietary compliance was good in almost all patients. Compound heterozygotes (n=5) had normal mental and growth development and all laboratory parameters were in the normal range. The cause of the unsatisfactory outcome of well-treated galactosaemic patients with disturbances in long-term development remains unclear. This could be due to a chronic intoxication of galactose metabolites or a deficiency of UDP-galactose or galactose-containing glycoproteins or glycolipids.This study was supported by a grant from the Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft (Huebner-stiftung), grant TS 114/18/89 and by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pädiatrische Stoffwechselstörungen     

Neuropsychological studies in children with elevated tooth-lead concentrations

Summary In contrast to blood-lead (PbB), tooth-lead concentrations (PbT) provide retrospective information about longterm, cumulative childhood lead-intake. From a basic sample of 458 school age children from the city of Duisburg (FRG), whose lead-concentrations in shed incisor teeth had been measured ( =4.6 ppm; range: 1.4–12.7 ppm), two extreme-groups of 26 children each (mean age: 8.5 years) with low ( =2.4 ppm) and elevated ( =9.2 ppm) PbT were selected. After pair-matching both groups for age, sex, and father's occupational status, these children were tested under double-blind precautions for intellectual performance (German WISC), for perceptual-motor integration (Göttinger Formreproduktionstest = GFT, Diagnostikum für Cerebralschädigung = DCS, Benton-Test), and for gross motor-coordination (Körper-Koordinationstest für Kinder = KTK). Significant (P<0.05) inferiority of the lead-children was found in two tests of perceptual-motor integration (increased GFT-errors; lower success rate for DCS). In addition a near significant (P<0.1) reduction of 5–7 IQ-points was determined in these children. Although this pilot study has provided some evidence for an association between childhood lead-exposure and neuropsychological impairment, this association cannot yet be considered proven, because the observed effects were discrete and statistically confirmed only in part, and because there was a slight prevalence of perinatal risk factors in the lead group. Further research to clarify the issue is necessary.Based on an MD-thesis (Hrdina 1978), as well as on papers presented at Arbeitstagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, October 2–3, 1978 in Mainz, and at the symposium on Toxic effects of Environmental Lead, May 10, 1979 in London (Hrdina and Winneke 1978; Winneke 1979)     

早产儿85例成长至学龄期的体智力发育

目的了解早产儿成长至学龄期的体智力发育。方法联系曾住我院NICU的早产儿,胎龄≤35周或体重≤2000g现已成长至学龄期,自愿参与测查85例,进行智商测定,记录学习成绩,测量身高、体重。将胎龄、体重分别分组进行比较,并将早产组与正常组进行比较,同时整理早期临床资料用多元回归分析寻找母婴疾病对婴儿远期体智力发育的影响。结果本组早产儿平均胎龄(32·8±1·7)周,平均出生体重(1793±357)g,平均测查年龄(9·74±1·86)岁,正常同龄对照组209例。早产组胎龄体重不同,成长至学龄期的智商(IQ)及学习成绩组间差异无统计学意义。早产组与正常对照组的学习成绩比较,其中英文、数学较差,t值分别为(5·623)及(4·761),P<0·001。早产组胎龄体重不同其组间及与对照组8-9岁同龄儿比较,体重及身高差异无统计学意义。除妊高征外,早产儿生后窒息、肺炎、败血症等疾病对成长至学龄期儿童的体智力发育无显著影响。结论本组早产儿以32~34周及1500~2000g为主,成长至学龄期的IQ值及体重身高在正常范围,部分学习成绩较足月正常儿稍差。     

评测纵览:面向“基因-疾病”的关联语义挖掘任务

介绍活跃基因注释语料库的设计目的和标注过程、特点,阐述标注规则、标签设计、标注实例,分析语料库在医药领域的应用场景,包括抗癫痫药物重定位、阿尔茨海默症关键基因提取等领域。     

智慧病房设计与应用

介绍智慧病房设计,包括整体架构、具体实现路径、实施方法、功能模块及应用效果,指出智慧病房结合人工智能技术有助于提升医院病房综合服务水平及患者就医体验。     

院内脓毒症风险管理系统设计与实现

介绍脓毒症防治现状及存在的问题,详细阐述应用人工智能技术构建院内脓毒症风险管理系统的方法,分析系统应用效果,指出该系统可实现患者住院期间脓毒症筛查指标、诊断指标的持续监测与及时预警。     

针刺和神经生长因子治疗对脑性瘫痪幼鼠智力及Casp3、BAX、BCL-2 mRNA的影响

目的：探讨针刺与神经元生长因子( NGF)治疗脑瘫幼鼠对其智力及Casp3、BAX、BCL-2基因mRNA的影响。方法选取8窝40只新生SD健康幼鼠,每窝各选择1只作为正常组(8只)、假手术组(8只),剩余24只采用缺血缺氧法制备脑瘫SD幼鼠模型,随机分为模型组、针刺组和针刺+NGF组,每组8只,分组后给予各组幼鼠对应的干预措施。于造模后第18 d采用Y迷宫实验对各组幼鼠的智力情况进行评估,采用荧光定量PCR法检测各组幼鼠大脑海马组织的Casp3、BAX、BCL-2基因mRNA水平,采用TUNEL染色法检测各组幼鼠大脑皮质神经细胞凋亡情况。结果模型组、针刺组、针刺+NGF组的Y迷宫实验正确次数均显著低于正常组和假手术组( P<0．05),在Y迷宫实验正确次数组间比较模型组<针刺组<针刺+NGF组,差异均有统计学意义( P<0．05)。模型组、针刺组、针刺+NGF组大脑海马组织Casp3、BAX基因mRNA水平均显著高于正常组和假手术组、BCL-2基因mRNA水平显著低于正常组和假手术组(P<0．05),Casp3、BAX基因mRNA水平组间比较模型组>针刺组>针刺+NGF组(P<0．05),BCL-2基因mRNA水平组间比较模型组<针刺组<针刺+NGF组(P<0．05)。模型组、针刺组、针刺+NGF组幼鼠大脑皮质神经细胞凋亡指数均显著高于正常组和假手术组(P<0．05),神经细胞凋亡指数组间比较模型组>针刺组>针刺+NGF组(P<0．05)。结论针刺、NGF对脑瘫幼鼠模型均有一定的治疗作用,联合应用效果更佳,其机制可能与影响Casp3、BAX、BCL-2的表达有关。