重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭患儿的临床治疗及VAP感染病原菌与危险因素分析

目的分析无创持续正压通气(Continuous Positive Airway Pressure,CPAP)与呼吸机持续气道正压治疗重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭患儿的临床疗效及呼吸机相关性肺炎(Ventilator associated pneumonia,VAP)感染病原菌与危险因素。方法将2014年11月-2017年12月因重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭疾病于医院进行治疗的130例患儿作为研究对象。将所有研究对象均分为试验组与对照组行组间对比研究,其中对照组主要采用鼻导管吸氧治疗;试验组采用无创CPAP与呼吸机持续气道正压治疗。对比两组临床疗效、VAP感染情况的差异,并分析影响VAP感染发生的主要因素。结果试验组患儿疗效优于对照组患儿(P<0.05);治疗后,两组PaO2、SaO2水平均较治疗前升高,PaCO2则较治疗前降低,且试验组改变程度优于对照组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示:危重病例评分、机械通气时间、原发肺部疾病、头部位置、胃内容物吸入、鼻饲、受体拮抗剂使用、丙种球蛋白使用为VAP发生的主要影响因素(P<0.05);VAP感染病原菌主要以革兰阴性菌为主,共10株。结论临床中针对重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭采用无创CPAP与呼吸机持续气道正压治疗可有效改善患儿多项临床症状,疗效显著。而针对VAP危险因素分析可为后续治疗、预防方案的制定提供数据支持。     

无针注射器在糖尿病患者胰岛素注射中的应用

目的:探讨无针注射器在糖尿病患者胰岛素注射中的应用效果。方法:选取2018年11月1日～2019年6月30日收治的60例2型糖尿病患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各30例,观察组使用无针注射器注射胰岛素,对照组使用传统注射笔注射;比较两组低血糖、疼痛、皮肤不良反应及胰岛素漏液的发生情况。结果:观察组低血糖、疼痛、皮肤不良反应及胰岛素漏液发生情况均少于对照组(P 0. 01)。两组均无胰岛素过敏情况的发生。结论:无针注射胰岛素减轻了患者疼痛,减少了胰岛素漏液、低血糖及皮肤不良反应的发生情况,值得临床推广。     

血清Lp-PLA2水平对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术中无复流发生的预测价值

目的分析血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)水平对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ASTEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术中无复流发生的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2017年1～12月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院收治的96例ASTEMI患者的临床资料,均行急诊PCI术治疗。根据术中是否发生复流将患者分为两组,其中术中发生复流者为A组(n=72),术中无复流者为B组(n=24)。比较两组患者的基线资料,包括性别、年龄、血压、心率、吸烟史、空腹血糖等和PCI相关情况,包括支架数量、发病至再灌注时间、血栓抽吸例数、支架长度等,并通过单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析分析影响患者术中无复流发生的相关因素。结果经单因素分析结果发现,B组患者发病至再灌注时间[(7. 19±1. 32) h]较A组[(5. 65±1. 71) h]明显延长,且血清Lp-PLA2含量[(309. 24±76. 34) mg/L]较A组[(197. 07±55. 35) mg/L]显著升高(P 0. 05);而其它基本资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析发现,血清Lp-PLA2含量是患者术中无复流发生的影响因素(OR=3. 84,95%CI:1. 64～9. 01,P 0. 01)。结论血清Lp-PLA2含量是ASTEMI患者急诊PCI术中发生无复流的影响因素,故临床中可通过早期测定血清Lp-PLA2含量预判断ASTEMI患者PCI术中发生无复流的可能性。     

外周血免疫细胞在NAFLD疾病进展中的诊断价值

近日,范建高教授应《柳叶刀》旗下子刊EBioMedicine(影响因子8.413分)编辑部邀请,与博士生林双喆在线发表综述:Peripheral immune cells in NAFLD patients:A spyhole to disease progression,EBioMedicine 2021 doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103768,系统分析非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)及其不同临床病理类型亚组患者循环外周血液各种免疫细胞的特征性变化,并探讨了外周血免疫细胞变化用于无创诊断与评估NAFLD的严重类型非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的潜在价值。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿喘息性支气管炎的疗效及对气道高反应性的预防效果

目的:探讨孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿喘息性支气管炎的疗效及对气道高反应性的预防效果。方法:选取接受喘息性支气管炎治疗的100例患儿作为观察对象,且将其分组治疗,即干预组(孟鲁司特钠+常规治疗)与对照组(常规治疗),每组均有50例患儿。对比两组的总有效率、气喘消失时间、哮鸣消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、住院时间、LTE4、ECP、IL-12、IL-10。结果:干预组患儿的总有效率高于对照组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);对照组患儿的气喘消失时间、哮鸣消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、住院时间均高于干预组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);干预组患儿的LTE4、ECP、IL-12、IL-10等水平改善情况优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论:孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿喘息性支气管炎,疗效理想,可有效缩短气喘、哮鸣、咳嗽等症状时长,安全指数高,此药值得在各大基层医院中推广使用。     

腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术治疗成人腹股沟疝效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术(TEP)与开放式无张力疝修补术(OTFH)治疗成人腹股沟疝的效果。方法选取2016-01—2019-02间商丘市立医院和虞城县人民医院收治的80例成人腹股沟疝患者,将38例接受OTFH术的患者作为对照组,将42例接受TEP术的患者作为腹腔镜组。比较2组的疗效及随访期间的复发情况。结果全部患者均顺利完成手术。2组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、并发症发生率均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访3个月～1 a期间,2组均未出现复发。结论 TEP术治疗成人腹股沟疝并发症少、术后康复快、安全、有效。