肝素联合低分子肝素预防动静脉内瘘术后早期血栓形成

摘 要 目的： 研究肝素联合低分子肝素对预防动静脉内瘘（AVF）术后早期血栓形成的影响。方法: 采用前瞻性研究方法,将299例行AVF术的患者随机分为两组,对照组患者术后给予低分子肝素5 000 IU皮下注射qd×7 d;观察组术中在游离动脉端与静脉端分别推注1 500 u肝素钠,术后给予低分子肝素5 000 IU皮下注射qd×7 d。观察两组患者术后1周和4周AVF血栓形成率及药品不良反应（ADR）发生情况。结果: 术后1周,对照组和观察组的AVF血栓形成率分别为3.4%和0;术后4周分别为4.8%和0.67%,观察组均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组ADR发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,未发生严重不良反应。结论: 肝素联合低分子肝素可降低AVF术后早期血栓形成率,提高手术成功率,安全性较好。     

尿激酶治疗血栓栓塞性疾病的效果研究

目的：研究尿激酶治疗血栓栓塞性疾病的临床效果。方法选取湛江市第二中医医院2012年6月—2014年6月收治的195例血栓栓塞性疾病患者,根据治疗方法不同分为两组,111例采用尿激酶治疗的患者设为尿激酶组,84例采用低分子肝素治疗的患者设为肝素组,比较两组效果和不良反应。结果尿激酶组肺栓塞（ PE）患者总有效率为78.44%,深静脉血栓形成（ DVT）患者总有效率为96.67%;肝素组 PE患者总有效率为60.98%, DVT患者总有效率为81.40%。两组比较差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05）。治疗后2周尿激酶组膝下15cm和膝上15cm健、患肢周径差均小于肝素组（ P<0.05）。尿激酶组不良反应发生率为5.41%,肝素组为2.38%,无黏膜或其他脏器出血病例,两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。结论尿激酶溶栓可提高血栓栓塞性疾病患者的疗效,且不良反应少。     

Absence of nitroglycerin-induced heparin resistance in healthy volunteers.

A previously described nitroglycerin-induced heparin resistance could not be verified by in-vitro experiments or in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial in healthy volunteers. A clinically relevant attenuation of the anticoagulant effect of a heparin bolus (40 U.kg-1) by a concomitant infusion of nitroglycerin (100 micrograms.min-1) was absent. Activated partial thromboplastin time was not significantly different under nitroglycerin infusion as compared to placebo after heparin injection. Concentrations and activities of antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II remained unchanged during nitroglycerin infusion. An interaction of these two frequently combined drugs in patients with active thromboembolic disease or after a prolonged concomitant intravenous administration cannot be ruled out. Since this is of clinical importance, further studies must clarify a possible nitroglycerin-induced heparin resistance.     

氟伐他汀和低分子肝素及氯吡格雷联合治疗不稳定型心绞痛临床观察

目的观察氟伐他汀、低分子肝素、氯吡格雷联合治疗不稳定型心绞痛的疗效。方法选择我院70例不稳定型心绞痛患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组各35例。对照组患者常规用阿司匹林,硝酸酯类,钙拮抗剂,β-受体阻滞剂等药物治疗,心绞痛发作时含服硝酸甘油。治疗组患者在常规治疗的基础上加用氟伐他汀（商品名：来适可）40mg,1次/晚;低分子肝素5000U腹壁皮下注射,1次/12h,连用7d;氟吡格雷75mg,1次/d,疗程均为4周。观察两组患者的临床疗效及症状改善情况。结果两组患者临床疗效间差异有非常显著性意义（P＜0．01）。两组患者治疗前、后心绞痛频率、持续时间、ST段下移、ST段下降次数、室性期前收缩次数间差异均有非常显著性意义（P＜0．01）,且两组患者治疗后上述各项指标间差异亦均有非常显著性意义（P＜0．01）。结论氟伐他汀、低分子肝素、氯吡格雷联合治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效肯定,在改善症状、心电图、心绞痛发生率等方面均起到了积极作用。     

一例速发型肝素诱导的血小板减少症患者的病例分析

1例62岁女性患者因下肢动脉栓塞收入院,入院第7天行手术,术后给予肝素钠微量泵泵入抗凝,尿激酶微量泵泵入溶栓,继续降脂、保肝、抗贫血治疗。启动肝素用药24 h内血小板计数从330×10^9/L下降至82×10^9/L,最低值为48×10^9/L。停用肝素后给予阿加曲班替代抗凝治疗,患者血小板计数3 d后升高至正常范围。根据APTT水平调整阿加曲班注射液泵速,持续泵入。下肢动脉栓塞病情加重未缓解。患者行截肢手术,术后使用阿司匹林抗血小板,利伐沙班维持抗凝治疗。患者病情稳定,8 d后出院。     

红花注射液对脂多糖诱导的兔弥散性血管内凝血的作用

 目的：研究红花注射液对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的兔弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）的作用。方法：兔耳缘静脉持续滴注LPS建立兔DIC模型。采用全自动凝血分析仪检测活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）和凝血酶原时间（PT）;凝固法测定纤维蛋白原含量;全自动血细胞分析仪进行血小板计数;发色底物法测定蛋白C及抗凝血酶Ⅲ的活性;全自动血浆分析仪测定丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和血尿素氮（BUN）;ELISA法检测血浆纤维蛋白（原）降解产物（FDP）和肿瘤坏死因子 α（TNF-α）含量。结果：DIC模型组APTT和PT进行性延长,ALT活性和BUN含量显著升高,蛋白C和抗凝血酶Ⅲ的活性显著降低,血小板计数进行性减少,血浆FDP和TNF-α含量显著升高。给予红花注射液后,DIC模型兔APTT和PT的延长明显缩短,血小板计数、纤维蛋白原含量、蛋白C及抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性均明显恢复,血浆ALT、BUN、FDP和TNF-α水平均明显降低。结论: 红花注射液对LPS诱导的兔DIC有较好的拮抗作用。     

An innovation in stem cell harvesting: Heparin use

Background and ObjectivesStem cell transplantation is a growing treatment strategy for most malignant and non- malignant hematological diseases. Plerixafor and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) are usually used in mobilization regimens to increase the CD34⁺ cell count in the harvest. Heparin is a sulphated glycosaminoglycated polymer with 12−15 kDa mass. Heparin inhibits the CXCR4/SDF1 axis, as does plerixafor. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effect of using heparin on stem cell mobilization and harvesting.Materials and MethodsWe administered 5000 units of unfractioned heparin intravenously in 150 mL (mL) of isotonic sodium chloride solution, 15 min before the stem cell harvesting procedure to 141 patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation between the years of 2018 and 2019 at our Stem Cell Transplantation Unit. Thirty patients were included as a control group, and they were not given heparin. The study population included patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma equally in each group.ResultsIn all patients hematopoeitic stem cells were successfully harvested in a single cycle of apheresis. In multiple myeloma patients who received heparin, the mean collected CD34⁺ cell number was 8 × 10⁶/kg, and the mean CD34⁺ cell number yield was 12,555/μl. In the control group, the mean collected CD34⁺ cell number was 4,2 × 10⁶/kg, and mean CD34⁺ cell number in yield was 492/μl. In lymphoma patients who received heparin, the mean collected CD34⁺ cell number was 6,8 × 10⁶/kg, and the mean CD34⁺ cell number was 1421/μl. In the control group the mean collected CD34⁺ cell number was 4,3 × 10⁶/kg, and the mean CD34⁺ cell number was 358/μl. The effect of heparin on the collected stem cell number in both myeloma and lymphoma patients was statistically significant (p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur results have shown that heparin increases harvested stem cell numbers significantly. Heparin may be a promising agent for stem cell harvesting.