Out-of-hand nut consumption is associated with improved nutrient intake and health risk markers in US children and adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004

The purpose of this study was to determine the association of out-of-hand nut (OOHN) consumption with nutrient intake, diet quality, and the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Data from 24-hour recalls from individuals aged 2+ years (n = 24?385) participating in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. The population was divided into children aged 2 to 11, 12 to 18, and adults 19+ years, and each group was dichotomized into OOHN consumers and nonconsumers. Out-of-hand nut consumers were defined as those individuals consuming ¼ oz of nuts or more per d. Means, standard errors, and covariate-adjusted analyses of variance were determined using appropriate sample weights. Diet quality was determined using the Healthy Eating Index-2005. Significance was set at P < .05. The percent of OOHN consumers increased with age: 2.1% ± 0.3%, 2.6% ± 0.3%, 6.5% ± 0.5%, and 9.6% ± 0.5% those aged 2 to 11, 12 to 18, 19 to 50, and 51+ years, respectively. The 2 latter groups were combined into a single group of consumers aged 19+ years for subsequent analyses. Consumers of OOHN from all age groups had higher intakes of energy, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, copper, and magnesium and lower intakes of carbohydrates, cholesterol, and sodium than did nonconsumers. Diet quality was higher in OOHN consumers of all age groups. In children aged 2 to 11 years, consumers had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. In those aged 12 to 18 years, weight and percent overweight were lower in consumers. Adult consumers had higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, red blood cell folate, and serum folate levels and lower insulin, glycohemoglobin, and C-reactive protein levels than did nonconsumers. Adult consumers also had a 19% decreased risk of hypertension and a 21% decreased risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Data suggested that OOHN consumption was associated with improved nutrient intake, diet quality, and, in adults, a lower prevalence of 2 risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Consumption of OOHN, as part of a healthy diet, should be encouraged by health professionals.     

Association between sleep duration and the prevalence of hypertension in an elderly rural population of China

BackgroundPrevious studies have examined an association between sleep duration and hypertension, but the conclusions remain inconsistent.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in a community-based rural elderly population of Beijing, China. A total of 2397 participants (967 male and 1430 female) completed the survey. Sleep duration was assessed in a face-to-face interview and was self-reported. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg and/or receiving treatment for hypertension. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the association between gender-specific sleep duration and hypertension prevalence.ResultsOverall, no significant differences were observed among female participants and the total participants, and the differences were statistically significant only in men. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval (CI) of having hypertension was 1.33 (1.00, 1.77) in men who slept for ≥9 h compared with those slept for six to eight hours per 24-h period. Furthermore, a one hour nap was associated with less likelihood of hypertension in men compared with those who did not nap, with an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 0.61 (0.41, 0.90).ConclusionIn a community-based rural elderly population of China, we found that sleep duration of six to eight hours per 24-h period and a one hour nap were significantly associated with lower risk of hypertension only among male participants after adjustment for potential confounders. Further studies are still needed to determine the relationships between 24-h, nighttime, and daytime sleep duration separately with hypertension, and to explore the biological mechanisms underlying the gender-related association.     

Prediction of Cardiovascular Mortality by Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness Independent of Traditional Risk Factors: The HUNT Study

Objective

To assess the predictive value of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) and evaluate the additional contribution of traditional risk factors in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality prediction.

代谢综合征及低水平高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与前列腺癌根治术后不良病理特征的相关性

目的 探究代谢综合征（MetS）及低水平高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）与根治性前列腺切除术（RP）后前列腺癌（PCa）侵袭性的相关性。方法 收集232例接受RP的PCa患者的各项生理指标并进行前瞻性多中心研究。将伴有MetS的患者设为MetS组（MetS）,无MetS的患者设为非MetS组（No MetS）。MetS按照NCEP-ATP Ⅲ进行评估。局部晚期PCa为pT-分期≥3;采用Gleason评分系统进行病理分级;MetS及其各项指征与病理特征的相关性采用回归分析进行评估。 结果 MetS是RP术后Gleason评分≥8的独立风险因素。低水平HDL-C与局部晚期PCa相关。随着患者出现MetS指征数目增多,出现不良病理特征的风险增加。结论 低水平HDL-C和具备4个及以上MetS指征分别与更高风险的PCa不良病理特征相关。     

染料木素和大豆苷元对去卵巢大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

目的　观察大豆异黄酮的两种主要苷元染料木素(Gen)和大豆苷元 (Dai)对去卵巢大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响。方法　Wistar大鼠 70只 ,随机分成正常组、模型组、雌激素组、大剂量G组、小剂量G组、大剂量D组、小剂量D组 ,每组 10只。除正常组外 ,其余各组均切除双侧卵巢。术后 1wk开始给药 ,给药 6wk后处死动物 ,测定血清总胆固醇(sTC)、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、肝组织中胆固醇 (hTC)含量。结果　切除卵巢 7wk后大鼠sTC ,LDL C ,hTC均增高。雌激素可降低去卵巢大鼠sTC、LDL C和hTC ,对HDL C作用不明显 ;染料木素可降低sTC、hTC、升高HDL C ,但对LDL C作用不明显 ;大豆苷元可降低sTC、hTC、LDL C ,但对HDL C作用不明显。结论　染料木素和大豆苷元均可降低去卵巢大鼠sTC和hTC水平 ,但作用途径不同 ;作用效果大豆苷元优于染料木素     

Association of Gut Microbiota with Atherogenic Dyslipidemia,and Its Impact on Serum Lipid Levels after Bariatric Surgery

Gut microbiota has been suggested to modulate circulating lipids. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD), defined as the presence of both low HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia, is not fully understood. Moreover, because obesity is among the main causes of secondary AD, it is important to analyze the effect of gut microbiota composition on lipid profiles after a weight loss intervention. We compared the microbial diversity and taxonomic composition in patients with AD (n = 41) and controls (n = 38) and sought correlations of genera abundance with serum lipid levels in 20 patients after weight loss induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Gut microbiota composition was profiled using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA. Gut microbiota diversity was significantly lower in atherogenic dyslipidemia. Moreover, relative abundance of two genera with LDA score >3.5 (Megasphaera and LPS-producing Escherichia-Shigella), was significantly higher in AD subjects, while the abundance of four short chain fatty acids (SCFA) producing-genera (Christensenellaceae R-7, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014; Akkermansia and [Eubacterium] eligens group) was significantly higher in controls. Notably, [Eubacterium] eligens group abundance was also significantly associated with higher HDL-C levels in RYGB patients one year after surgery. Although dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) ratio and PUFA intake were higher in controls than in AD subjects, of the four genera differentiated in cases and controls, only Akkermansia abundance showed a positive and significant correlation with PUFA/SFA ratio. Our results suggest that SCFA-producing bacteria promote a healthy lipid homeostasis, while the presence of LPS-producing bacteria such Escherichia-Shigella may contribute to the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia.     

Relationship between years since menopause and lipid variation in postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study

Lipid alteration in postmenopausal women is commonly due to hormonal changes. This study aimed to explore the association between the years since menopause and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1033 postmenopausal women were recruited from the Women’s Hospital of Zhejiang University in China between 2015 and 2022. Each participant was interviewed using questionnaires regarding sociodemographic and reproductive data. Anthropometric measurements, lipid profiles, and reproductive hormone levels were assessed. Participants were divided into 3 groups based on the length of time since menopause: 2, 2 to 5.9, and 6 years. Differences in lipid profiles and reproductive hormones among the groups were compared. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between years after menopause and lipid profile. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and luteinizing hormone levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with time since menopause of ≥6 years than those <2 years (P < .05), whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher (P < .05). A longer time after menopause was independently associated with lower HDL-C levels (β, −0.059, standard error, 0.023, P = .01) after adjustment for age, body mass index, and other confounders. Compared to women who had menopause for <2 years, those who were postmenopausal for >6 years had lower HDL-C levels after adjustment for age, body mass index, and other covariates (β, −0.123, 95% confidence interval, [−0.221, −0.014], P = .014). Longer time since menopause was associated with an atherogenic lipid profile with appreciably low levels of HDL-C subfraction. Future multicenter studies are necessary to examine postmenopausal population and determine how differences in lipids influence the risk of cardiovascular disease in this group.     

甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值与社区糖尿病高危人群自然转归的相关性研究

目的探讨甘油三脂(triglyceride, TG)/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)比值与社区糖尿病高危人群自然转归为糖尿病的相关性。方法采用《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2017年版)》中对成年人中糖尿病高危人群的筛查标准,纳入自2012年至2017年间共5年中,来自石河子地区的13个社区中的共261例糖尿病高危患者,纳入人群均曾在我院就诊且连续随访满3年,其中有64例三年内转归为糖尿病,有197例三年后未转归为糖尿病。运用倾向性评分(Propensity score matching,PSM),以年龄、性别、BMI为协变量构建logistic回归模型,对两组患者采用1∶1最邻近匹配法,得到组间协变量均衡的样本,共有64对患者匹配成功,匹配后的样本按照随访期间有无新发糖尿病分为转归组(64例)和未转归组(64例)。首先对两组患者首次就诊时收集的临床信息及生化指标进行单因素分析,然后以年龄、性别、BMI、腰臀比、吸烟史、饮酒史、收缩压、舒张压、合并高血压、合并冠心病、合并脑血管病、糖尿病家族史、空腹血糖(fasti...