谷氨酰胺和生长激素对短肠综合征患者肠道代偿作用

目的探讨谷氨酰胺和生长激素对短肠综合征(SBS)患者的肠道代偿作用。方法26例短肠综合征患者残余小肠长度为0～100(中位数42.5)cm,手术后接受肠外营养(PN)支持3-52个月,联合应用生长激素(GH)(0.10±0.06)mg·kg-1·d-1和谷氨酰胺(GLN)(0.30±0.17)g·kg-1·d-1进行肠道促代偿治疗。结果26例接受GH加GLN治疗的SBS患者,其中9例(34.6%)治疗后近期内完全摆脱PN;8例(30.8%)经治疗后明显减少了PN用量,从每周需要PN(6.0±1.0)d下降至(4.2±1.0)d,每周PN需要量从(13.6±5.2)L降至(8.2±3.3)L;9例(34.6%)在治疗后仍依赖PN维持。结论经过合适的营养支持和肠道促代偿治疗,大多数短肠综合征患者残留肠道能充分代偿,完全摆脱PN或减少PN用量,长期健康生存。     

非营养性吸吮对早产儿营养及生长发育的影响

目的:探讨非营养性吸吮(NNS)对早产儿营养、生长发育及喂养相关并发症的影响。方法:将60例需经鼻胃管喂养(INGF)的健康早产适于胎龄儿,根据是否辅以非营养性吸吮随机分成单纯鼻胃管喂养组和非营养性吸吮组,均用瑞士雀巢公司提供的雀巢早产儿配方奶,记录喂养2周生长发育指标(体重、身长、头围)的变化及恢复出生体重的时间、达自行吮母乳时间、喂养相关并发症。结果:非营养性吸吮组恢复出生体重时间(8.8±1.8)天,较单纯鼻胃管喂养组(10.1±1.3)天,显著缩短(P<0.01);达自行吮母乳时间(8.1±0.9)天,较单纯鼻胃管喂养组(9.5±1.3)天,显著缩短(P<0.01);喂养2周后两组的体重、身长差异有显著性(P<0.05),头围差异无显著性(P>0.05);非营养性吸吮组胃残留、呕吐、腹胀并发症的发生率较单纯鼻胃管喂养组的发生率显著减少(P<0.05)。结论:早产儿早期非营养性吸吮可促进胃肠道的发育和功能成熟、降低喂养不耐受的发生率、促进体质量增长、有利于改善早产儿营养状况,加快早产儿生长发育。     

生长分化因子15对急性胸痛早期诊断价值分析

目的:探索生长分化因子15（growth differentiation factor15,GDF15）在急性胸痛中的早期诊断价值。方法:回顾性收集2020年1月至11月于解放军总医院海南医院急诊科就诊的急性胸痛患者96名纳入研究。记录患者性别、年龄、入院30 min内患者的肌钙蛋白T、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶、GDF...     

Genetic and Environmental Causes of Tracking in Explosive Strength during Adolescence

Purpose: To determine whether the observed phenotypic stability in explosive strength during adolescence, as measured by inter-age correlations in vertical jump (VTJ), is mainly caused by genetic and/or environmental factors. Methods: Subjects are from the Leuven Longitudinal Twin Study (LLTS) (n = 105 pairs, equally divided over five zygosity groups). VTJ data were aligned on age at peak height velocity (APHV) to attenuate the temporal fluctuations in inter-age correlations caused by differences in timing of the adolescent growth spurt. Simplex models were fitted using structural equation modelling. Results: After aligning the data on APHV, the annual inter-age correlations show a clear simplex structure over a 4 year interval. The best fitting models included additive genetic and unique environmental sources of variation. Heritability estimates ranged between 60.8% (CI 37.7%–77.2%) and 87.3% (CI 74.2%–94.0%) for boys and between 76.5% (CI 56.7%–89.0%) and 88.6% (CI 77.8%–94.1%) for girls. Up to 56.4% and 62.8% of the total variation at the last measurement occasion is explained by additive genetic factors that already explained a significant amount of variation at previous measurement occasions in boys and girls respectively. It thus can be concluded that the observed stability of explosive strength during adolescence is mainly caused by a stable genetic influence in boys and girls. Conclusions: Additive genetic factors seem to be the main cause of the observed phenotypic stability in VTJ performance in boys and girls during adolescence.     

Flumazenil exerts intrinsic activity on sleep EEG and nocturnal hormone secretion in normal controls

The physiological function of benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptors includes regulation of sleep and neuroendocrine activity. Most of the pharmacological effects of BDZ are blocked by flumazenil. However, recent neurological and behavioral studies suggest that flumazenil has its own central intrinsic activity. This issue was addressed in a study of the sleep EEG and the nocturnal secretion of growth hormone and cortisol in ten normal male controls, who were given flumazenil either alone or in combination with the BDZ agonist midazolam, placebo and midazolam alone. Flumazenil prompted an increase in sleep onset latency, a decrease in slow wave sleep and an increase in wakefulness. Plasma cortisol concentrations after flumazenil administration were lower than after midazolam. Both flumazenil and midazolam decreased nocturnal growth hormone secretion. After simultaneous application of both BDZ receptor ligands the growth hormone blunting was amplified. Our study demonstrates that at the level of the sleep EEG and neuroendocrine activity flumazenil is capable of exerting both agonistic and inverse agonistic or antagonistic effects.Parts of this study were presented at the 69th Meeting of the Deutsche Physiologische Gesellschaft, Freiburg, 6–8 March, 1991     

pEGFP-N1-GGF2质粒的构建及其在大鼠脑内的表达

目的构建pEGFP-N1-GGF2质粒，观察其在大鼠脑组织中的表达。方法采用RT-PCR方法从人胚胎脑组织总RNA中扩增出人GGF2全长序列．并克隆到增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）基因真核表达载体pEGFP-N1上，构建pEGFP-N1-GGF2质粒．通过脂质体将pEGFP-NI-GGF2质粒转染大鼠脑组织．荧光显微镜下观察GGF2融合蛋白在大鼠脑内表达的时间和空间分布特征。结果成功构建了pEGFP-N1-GGF2表达载体，荧光显微镜观察可见，pEGFP-N1-GGF2表达载体转染6h大鼠脑内即可见GGF2融合蛋白表达．3d时融合蛋白表达最多，7d时表达量稍有下降但仍高，14d时表达量已明显下降。GGF2融合蛋白在脑内的表达以针道为中心向周围扩散．荧光信号可达皮层深部。结论脂质体介导的pEGFP-NI-GGF2质粒能够在大鼠脑内表达GGF2融合蛋白。     

中国不同出生胎龄新生儿体重身长比、体质指数和重量指数的参照标准及生长曲线

目的:制定中国出生胎龄24~42周新生儿体重身长比、体质指数和重量指数的参照标准及生长曲线,为新生儿出生时身体比例及营养状况评价提供参考依据。方法:横断面研究,于2015年6月至2018年11月在北京、哈尔滨、西安、上海、南京、武汉、广州、福州、昆明等13个城市调查出生胎龄24~42周单胎活产新生儿24375名,排除了影响参照标准建立的母亲和新生儿因素。采用基于位置、尺度、形状的广义可加模型构建出生胎龄24~42周男、女新生儿体重身长比、体质指数和重量指数的百分位数(P 3、P 10、P 25、P 50、P 75、P 90、P 97)参照值及生长曲线。将研制的参照标准与我国1988年数值、INTERGROWTH项目及美国相关参照值进行比较。结果:24375名新生儿中早产儿12264名(男7042名、女5222名),足月儿12111名(男6155名、女5956名)。研制出出生胎龄24~42周男、女新生儿体重身长比、体质指数和重量指数百分位数生长参照值及生长曲线。男新生儿体重身长比在不同出生胎龄P 10、P 50、P 90上比女新生儿高0~0.2 kg/m,男新生儿体质指数在不同出生胎龄P 10、P 50、P 90上比女新生儿高0.1~0.3 kg/m²。体重身长比和体质指数曲线在高百分位数上、重量指数曲线在高、低百分位数上与我国1988年数值均有较大差异,如体重身长比、体质指数、重量指数与我国1988年数值在P 90上的差值范围分别为-1.09~0.40 kg/m、-1.19~0.92 kg/m²、-0.64~0.81 kg/m³。体重身长比曲线与INTERGROWTH项目参照值有较好的一致性,在P 50上的差值范围-0.17~0.20 kg/m,出生胎龄≤32周时在P 90上低0.02~0.40 kg/m、在P 10上高0.13~0.41 kg/m。体质指数曲线与美国参照值差异较为明显,在P 50上的差值范围-0.47~0.17 kg/m²,出生胎龄≥37周时在P 90上低0.53~1.10 kg/m²但≤28周时高0.17~0.45 kg/m²。结论:建立中国出生胎龄24~42周新生儿不同性别的体重身长比、体质指数和重量指数的标准化参照值,可供临床及相关科研工作参照使用。     

651名幼儿园儿童体检资料分析

目的:研究唐山市幼儿园儿童生长发育及营养状况。方法:采用全国统一制定的测量方法,测量儿童体重、身高并计算Z评分;同时对视力、龋齿、血红蛋白、乙肝表面抗原及抗体进行检查。以此评价唐山市区4所幼儿园651名2~6岁学龄前儿童的生长发育和营养现状。结果:唐山市651名学龄前儿童获得WAZ、HAZ、WHZ值为0.5883、-0.0054、-0.3958。男女间在WHZ上存在显著差异,另外两种评分男女间无显著差异。总的低体重率为0.5%、生长迟缓率为2.2%、消瘦率为7.4%;总的肥胖发生率为18.74%、超重发生率为17.20%,明显高于1998年全国城市儿童营养调查的结果。结论:唐山市区学龄前儿童的生长发育和营养状况良好,但仍不可忽视营养过剩的问题。     

系膜增生性肾炎患儿肾组织血小板源性生长因子及其受体表达的临床研究

目的研究系膜增生性肾炎患儿肾组织血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)及其受体(PDGFR-α、β)的表达及意义.方法采用免疫组化染色法检测弥漫性系膜增生性肾小球肾炎(MsPGN)、局灶性节段性肾小球硬化(FSGS)肾活检组织中PDGF、PDGFR的表达.结果PDGF在MsPGN中的表达明显高于正常肾和FSGS,PDGFR-α、β的表达高于正常肾(P＜0.01);PDGF在FSGS中的表达与正常肾相比无差异,但PDGFR-α、β表达升高(P＜0.01);MsPGN与FSGS的PDGFR-α、β表达无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论肾组织PDGF及其受体的过度表达可能在MsPGN的发病中起重要作用.     

脑出血大鼠脑内嗅鞘细胞移植后生长相关蛋白-43及层粘连蛋白的表达变化

目的研究嗅鞘细胞移植对大鼠脑出血后脑内生长相关蛋白-43及层粘连蛋白表达的影响。方法取新生3d的Wistar乳鼠嗅球,差速贴壁法培养获得嗅鞘细胞。40只Wistar大鼠造模后(胶原酶Ⅶ注入尾状核)随机分为嗅鞘细胞移植组和脑出血模型组。嗅鞘细胞移植组(20只)术后3d,移植嗅鞘细胞;脑出血模型组(20只)注射等量的生理盐水。两组大鼠分别在术后1d、7d、14d及28d用Bederson方法进行评分。各时间点于每组随机取3只大鼠处死,取脑组织做成石蜡切片,免疫组化法观察生长相关蛋白-43及层粘连蛋白表达的变化。结果运动功能评分显示,移植组与对照组均出现运动功能恢复,移植组明显优于对照组(P<0.05);生长相关蛋白-43及层粘连蛋白免疫组化结果表明,除术前1d外,其它各时间点生长相关蛋白-43及层粘连蛋白阳性表达值,移植组较对照组均强,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论嗅鞘细胞移植可提高生长相关蛋白-43及层粘连蛋白的表达,改善脑出血后神经再生微环境,促进神经再生。