声音振动刺激试验在临床上的应用

应用声振仪对１９９２年２个月～１９９３年６个月单胎３６～４３周妊娠孕妇１５０例进行了声音振动刺激试验（ＶＡＳ－Ｔ）并与无负荷试验（ＮＳＴ）对照。对此结果ＶＡＳ－Ｔ（＋）１４６例，（－）４例，ＮＳＴ反应型９６例，无反应型５４例。ＮＳＴ无反应型预测价值８％，假阴性率９２％。ＮＳＴ无反应型经声音刺激后５０例成ＶＡＳ－Ｔ（＋）。ＶＡＳ－Ｔ预测价值９９．３％。ＮＳＴ有效率６６％，ＶＡＳ－Ｔ有效率９９％。ＮＳＴ至少需做２０ｍｉｎ，ＶＡＳ－Ｔ９５％在３ｍｉｎ内达到标准，最长１５ｍｉｎ。为避免ＮＳＴ假无反应型，应进行ＶＡＳ－Ｔ。     

光照黄斑部试验的临床研究─—眼底病患者MPT的改变及其机理的探讨

７９只眼底病患眼的光照黄斑部试验（ＭＰＴ）结果显示：中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变、老年性黄斑变性渗出型和Ｒｉｅｇｅｒ型中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变患眼的光照黄斑恢复时间显著延长，其它黄斑部病变患眼也有不同程度的延长。本文结合眼底荧光血管造影和黄斑视野域值试验对光照黄斑部试验的机理进行了探讨。     

Poor co-ordination in 5 year olds: A screening test for use in schools

A simple standardized screening test (South Australian Motor Co-ordination Screening Test, SAM Test) was developed to screen for poor co-ordination in 5 year olds; This SAM Test, which can be used by teachers, nurses and doctors, has explicit pass/fail criteria and has classified correctly 90% of children. The McCarthy Motor Scales, which are time consuming and limited to use by psychologists, were used to categorize 60 poorly co-ordinated and 60 normal children. The 120 children thus selected were tested on 19 items covering gross and fine motor skills. Statistical analysis to determine which items best discriminated between the two groups found the following five gross motor items to be most effective: one leg balancing, hopping, heel-toe walking on line, jumping Over ribbon and dropping ball and catching.     

Modulation of infection-induced inflammation and locomotive deficit and longevity in senescence-accelerated mice-prone (SAMP8) model by the oligomerized polyphenol Oligonol.

Oligonol is produced from the oligomerization of polyphenols (typically proanthocyanidin from a variety of fruits such as lychees, grapes, apples, persimmons, etc.) and contains catechin-type monomers and oligomers of proanthocyanidins. The ability of Oligonol to affect infection-dependent eye inflammation, locomotion and longevity in senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8) (a model of senescence acceleration and geriatric disorders with increased oxidative stress and neuronal deficit) was investigated. Oligonol (60mg/kg) significantly modulated the extent of inflammation scores in the eye of SAMP8 mice. Examination of the mice indicated infection with mouse hepatitis virus and pinworm (Syphacia obvelata) in both males and females and with the intestinal protozoa (trichomonad) in males. A comparison of the two groups (using log-rank test) and the difference in the mean life span between groups (using Student's t-test) indicated significant differences in survival (p=0.043) and the mean life span (p=0.033) in male SAMP8 mice. Oligonol increased the mean life span and this was statistically significant. In the open-field locomotive test, the 7-week-old SAMP8 mice crossed more than 40 partitioned lines in 1min. At 48-week-old control untreated male SAMP8 crossed 2 lines. The Oligonol-treated 48-week-old male SAMP8 mice crossed 17 lines however. The improved locomotive activity was statistically significant even after 36weeks in the Oligonol-treated male SAMP8 but this was not the case throughout the time course of the study in the Oligonol-treated female SAMP8. Thus Oligonol treatment to SAMP8 mice modulated the severity of infection-dependent inflammation, prolonged life-span and significantly improved locomotive activity indicating potential benefit to aging-associated diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. This presents potential for further research to define infection-dependent inflammation associated with degenerative conditions and the molecular mechanism of dietary antioxidant protection.     

Threshold for occluded formaldehyde patch test in formaldehyde-sensitive patients

Our purpose was to investigate the eliciting threshold concentration of formaldehyde in formaldehyde-sensitive individuals in the occluded and non-occluded patch teat and to evaluate the relationship in repeated open application test (ROAT) with a product containing a formaldehyde releaser. 20 formaldehyde-sensitive patients and a control group of 20 healthy volunteer were included in the study. Occluded and non-occluded patch tests with formaldehyde solutions form 25 to 10,000 ppm. and ROAT for I week with a leave-on cosmetic product containing on average 300 ppm formaldehyde. Were carried out simultaneously on each subject. In the occluded patch test. 1/2 of the 20 patients only reacted to 10,000 ppm formaldehyde. 9 reacted to 5,000 ppm. 3 reacted to 1.000 ppm. 2 reacted to 500 ppm and I reacted to 25 ppm. No definite positive reactions were observed in the non-occluded patch test or in the ROAT No positive reactions were observed in the control group to any of the test procedures. We concluded that the threshold concentration for occluded patch test to formaldehyde in formaldehyde-sensitive patients was 250 ppm. The threshold in occluded patch test corresponded to the degree of sensitivity Definite positive reactions in the ROAT were not seen, either indicating that they are unlikely to happen with the type of product used or that the exposure time was too short.     

葡萄糖筛选试验在妊娠期糖尿病诊断及治疗中的价值

目的　探讨 5 0 g葡萄糖筛选试验 (GCT)在妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM )诊断及治疗中的价值。 方法　选择 2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 3年 6月在我院行产前检查并分娩的 5 0 gGCT异常的孕妇 36 8例 ,按血糖值分为 5组 :≥7.8～ <8.0mmol/L为Ⅰ组 ,≥ 8.0～ <9.0mmol/L为Ⅱ组 ,≥ 9.0～ <10 .0mmol/L为Ⅲ组 ,≥ 10 .0～ <11.0mmol/L为Ⅳ组 ,≥ 11.0mmol/L为Ⅴ组。比较 5组 75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT)异常的比例及需用胰岛素治疗的病例数的差异。结果　 5组GDM的发生率分别为 6 .9%、8.5 %、2 1.3%、4 7.8%和 85 .0 % ,75 gOGTT异常的发生率分别为 19.0 %、2 4 .2 %、5 1.1%、87.0 %和 90 .0 % ,且用胰岛素治疗的病例数随 5 0 gGCT血糖值的上升而增加。结论　 5 0 gGCT在GDM的诊断及治疗方案的预测方面均有重要价值。     

热缺血供体同种异体犬肺移植术后早期肺功能的观察

目的　观察犬热缺血供体同种异体肺移植术后早期移植肺功能情况。方法　采用室温下热缺血 3 0min、LPD液灌注后 4℃保存 2 5h时的供肺 ,行右肺同种异体移植手术 7例 ,术前及监测恢复灌注 0 5 ,1,2及 4h的动脉血氧分压 (PaO2 )、肺动态顺应性 (Cdyn)、平均肺动脉压 (mPAP)、肺毛细血管楔压 (PCWP)和心输出量的变化 (CO)。结果　所有受体犬在观察期间均存活。恢复灌注 4h内的肺功能各指标变化差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,或者虽然有统计学差异 ,但仍有较好的绝对水平。结论　热缺血 3 0min低温保存 2 5h的供肺可以维持生命 ,恢复灌注后 ,受缺血再灌注损伤的影响 ,在灌注后一段时间内 ,供肺功能下降 ,但仍可较好支持生命。     

非同位素PCR方法检测脆性X 综合征FMR-1基因CGG重复序列数目

目的 建立一种可靠、简便的非同位素PCR方法检测脆性X综合征的突变基因。方法 采用生物素标记的CGG寡核苷酸探针，检测通过PCR扩增的FMR-1基因中CGG三核苷酸重复序列数目。从而判断所检样品中FMR—1基因是否正常。结果 该法可检测出正常人及携带者的CGG重复拷贝数。结论 该方法可以简便、安全、可靠地检测FMR—1基因中(CGG)n重复拷贝数，从而确定为正常人或携带者，可作为临床上筛查脆性X综合征的首选方法。     

Biological characterization of glutaraldehyde-modified Parietaria judaica pollen extracts

BACKGROUND: Allergoids are widely used in specific immunotherapy (SIT) for the treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases, but all techniques for standardization of conventional allergic extracts may not be appropriate for standardization of a glutaraldehyde (GA)-modified extract because of the unique characteristics of these extracts. OBJECTIVE: To assess an accurate methodology for standardization of chemically modified extracts. METHODS: GA-modified extracts from Parietaria judaica pollen were purified by diafiltration. Biochemical properties were investigated by determination of amino groups, chromatography, and SDS-PAGE. The IgE-binding activity was determined by skin prick test, enzyme allergosorbent test inhibition, basophil activation, and histamine release tests. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from P. judaica pollen-allergic subjects were stimulated with either native or allergoid extracts, and proliferation was measured. RESULTS: Biochemical data indicated a high degree of allergen polymerization resulting in extract components higher than 100 kDa. IgE-binding activity, both in vivo and in vitro, was reduced by more than 99.8%. Both allergen and allergoid induced PBMC proliferation and synthesis of blocking IgG antibodies at similar rates. Moreover, no evidence of introduction of new determinants by chemical modification was found. CONCLUSIONS: The preparation of GA-modified extracts by diafiltration is faster and more reliable than previous chromatographic methods. These modified extracts have drastically reduced their allergenicity while maintaining their immunogenicity, and therefore they can be used in safer and shortened schedules of SIT.     

Comparison of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus, WHO-1985, ADA-1997 and WHO-1999 in the adult population of Asturias (Spain).

AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus with three diagnostic criteria (WHO-1985 and 1999 and ADA-1997), evaluate their concordance and analyse the sensitivity and specificity of the different screening strategies for diabetes. METHODS: A cross-sectional population study with two-step sampling. One thousand and 34 people were selected randomly. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and venous blood samples were obtained fasting and at 2 h. RESULTS: The prevalence of known Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) is 4%[95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8, 5.1]. By WHO-1985 criteria the prevalence of unknown DM-2 is 5.9% (4.5, 7.4); by ADA-1997 criteria 3.5% (2.5, 4.6) and by WHO-1999 criteria 7.3% (5.8, 8.8). Diagnostic overlap and statistical concordance (coefficient K) are WHO-1985/ADA-1997 29.3%, K=0.42; WHO-1985/WHO-1999 80%, K=0.88; ADA-1997/WHO-1999 48%, K=0.63. If only fasting glucose was used (following ADA-1997), 36.3% of those with diabetes (2-h glucose > or =11.1 mmol/l) would be diagnosed. If OGTT was performed (i) in those with a fasting glucose between 6.1 mmol/l and 6.9 mmol/l (9.8% of the population) we would diagnose 66.6%, and (ii) in all those between 5.7 mmol/l and 6.9 mmol/l (18.9% of the population) 81.8% would be diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: The ADA criteria decrease the prevalence of DM in the adult population of Asturias by 2.4% and concordance with the classical criteria (WHO-1985) was only 29.3%. Using fasting glucose only (ADA-1997) diagnoses 36.3% of those with diabetes. The recent recommendations of the WHO-1999 increases this to 66.6%. To improve the diagnostic strategy for diabetes and detect up to 81.8% of patients, we propose the use of OGTT for all those with a fasting glucose between 5.7 mmol/l and 6.9 mmol/l.