采用磁敏感加权成像技术研究年龄相关的脑铁沉积现象

目的 采用磁敏感加权成像技术,探讨正常人大脑不同区域的铁含量随年龄变化的规律.方法 78名成年健康志愿者按照年龄分为青年组(≤35岁)27名、中年组(36～55岁)35名和老年组(≥56岁)16名,所有受试者均进行磁敏感加权成像,在校正相位图上分别测量苍白球、壳核、尾状核、黑质、红核、丘脑和额叶白质的相位值.30岁以上受试者各脑区的平均相位值和文献报道的脑铁实际含量进行Pearson相关分析,采用单因素方差分析比较各脑区不同年龄组之间的校正相位值差异.用线性回归分析法进一步研究由方差分析法所揭示的年龄相关的铁含量变化,并计算其变化率.结果 各脑区的平均相位值和文献报道的脑铁实际含量问存在负相关性(r=-0.796,P=0.032),铁含量多的脑区相位值的负值大.青年组、中年组和老年组壳核相位值的中位数分别是-0.0185、-0.0362和-0.0566,额叶白质相位值中位数分别是0.0034、-0.0031和-0.0021,各年龄组间的差异具有统计学意义(F值分别为20.115、3.536,P值分别＜0.01、＜0.05).线性回归分析表明,壳核、红核和额叶白质的铁含量随着年龄的增加而增加(回归系数分别为-0.001、-0.001、＜-0.001,P值均＜0.05),苍白球、尾状核、黑质和丘脑的铁含量不随年龄而变化.结论 研究结果证明并拓展了对年龄相关的脑铁沉积现象的认识,为全面、准确认识疾病相关的脑铁异常沉积现象提供了必要的基础.     

The comparison between measurement of open apices of third molars and Demirjian stages to test chronological age of over 18 year olds in living subjects

This paper concerns a method for assessing adult age based on the relationship between age and the third molar maturity index (I_3M), which is related to the measurement of the open apices of the third molar. Furthermore, this method was compared to those based on Demirjian’s stages G and H. The sample consisted of 906 Caucasian individuals aged between 14 and 23 years (53.6% females and 46.4% males). Orthopantomographs were analyzed by two observers and calibrated by means of the concordance correlation coefficient for the reproducibility of the third molar maturity index (I_3M) and κ statistics for reproducibility of the Demirjian stages. Probabilities for an individual to be older than 18 years of age (adult age) were derived using the measurements of the third molar maturity index (I_3M). These results were exploited to set out a threshold value to assign an individual to juvenile or adult age. A cutoff value of I_3M = 0.08 was taken. The sensitivity of this test was 70% and specificity was 98%. Furthermore, the proportion of individuals with a correct classification was 83%. The results of the test showed a better specificity when compared to the choice of stage G and a better sensitivity when compared to the choice of stage H for adult age.     

单囊胚复苏移植中不同年龄妇女妊娠结局的比较

目的探讨冻融单囊胚移植周期中年龄对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析本院生殖中心2008年1月至2015年12月行冻融优质单囊胚移植的1 005个周期的临床妊娠结局,根据患者年龄分为4组:A组:≤29岁(n=296);B组:30~34岁(n=389);C组:35~37岁(n=151);D组:≥38岁(n=169)。比较4组的临床结局,探讨年龄对妊娠结局的影响。结果 4组临床妊娠率、单胎妊娠率、双胎妊娠率、异位妊娠率、晚期流产率及早产率均无统计学差异(P0.05);与A、B、C组相比较,D组的早期流产率、足月产率及活产率差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。A至D组,早期流产率呈递增趋势,足月产率和活产率呈递减趋势。在年龄≥38岁组,早期流产率高达38.82%,足月产率41.18%,活产率仅有25.44%。结论年龄≥38岁的患者行优质单囊胚移植,妊娠率与其它年龄组无差异,早期流产率明显升高,足月产率及活产率明显降低,建议行双囊胚移植。     

ADOPT 护理模式下妊娠糖尿病孕产妇伤口美观性及血糖控制效果分析

目的 分析ADOPT护理模式下妊娠糖尿病孕产妇的伤口美观性及血糖控制效果。方法 选择2021年3月-2022年1月南京市妇幼保健院收治的100例妊娠糖尿病孕产妇为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组50例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施ADOPT护理模式干预,比较两组血糖控制情况、依从性及伤口瘢痕情况（PSAS）。结果 观察组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组饮食、运动依从性评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组PSAS评分情况优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 对妊娠糖尿病孕产妇实施ADOPT护理模式干预有利于控制血糖状况稳定,提升孕产妇妊娠期内依从性,改善伤口美观性,降低妊娠风险。     

不同年龄腹膜透析患者红细胞体积分布宽度的特点及影响因素

目的近年发现红细胞体积分布宽度(red blood cell distribution width,RDW)与慢性透析患者预后密切相关,本研究旨在探讨腹膜透析患者RDw的特点及其影响因素。方法纳入我院103例行持续性非卧床腹膜透析治疗的尿毒症患者,根据患者开始腹膜透析时的年龄分为3组:年龄40岁组(37例);年龄40~59岁组(47例);年龄≥60岁组(19例)。比较各组腹膜透析前以及腹膜透析1、3个月的临床指标(收缩压、舒张压、体质量指数、RDW、血红蛋白、血白蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮等)的差异,采用多元线性回归分析腹膜透析患者的年龄和性别对RDW的影响。结果女性患者中RDW≥14.6%的患者所占比例在基线及腹膜透析1、3个月(13.5%、15.4%、17.3%)均高于男性患者(9.8%、7.8%、13.7%)。≥60岁年龄段的基线RDW较其他两个年龄组显著增高(P0.05)。年龄与基线RDW、腹膜透析1个月的RDW呈正相关(r=0.320、0.242,P0.05)。采用多元线性回归分析,并校正相应体质量指数后分析发现,女性(β=0.025,P0.001,95%CI-0.001~0.953)和年龄较大(β=0.025,P0.001,95%CI 0.010~0.040)的患者基线RDW相对较高,同时年龄与腹膜透析1个月的RDW具有显著相关性(β=0.015,P0.05,95%CI 0.001~0.029)。进一步校正同期血红蛋白、血白蛋白和估算肾小球滤过率(或残肾肾小球滤过率)后发现,年龄与基线RDW(β=0.027,P0.001,95%CI 0.011~0.042)及腹膜透析1个月的RDW(β=0.017,P0.05,95%CI0.003~0.031)仍具有显著相关性。结论 RDW是影响透析患者预后的重要因素;老年是RDW的影响因素,这为改善老年透析患者预后提供了新思路。     

妇女年龄和卵巢储备与反应的关系

卵巢储备是卵巢产生卵母细胞数量和质量的潜能,可间接反映卵巢功能。客观正确地评价妇女的卵巢储备功能,制定合理的IVF治疗方案对妊娠结局至关重要。临床研究报道最多的卵巢储备功能评估指标有基础性激素、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)以及窦卵泡数等,其中任何一个指标都不能独立地预测卵巢反应性。在影响卵巢储备的所有因素中,年龄是首要因素,也是卵巢反应性的独立预测因子之一。本文综述了最新的相关研究进展,以期指导临床,能准确地对年轻和高龄女性进行卵巢储备评估后,预测卵巢的反应性。     

Evaluation of volumetric changes of teeth in a Brazilian population by using cone beam computed tomography

The purpose of this study was to test the usefulness of some morphometric parameters of the teeth in 5 different age groups through images of Cone Beam CT. 118 upper central incisors clinically acquired of 60 women and 58 men aged between 22 and 70 years were selected. The hard tissue volume and the pulp cavity volume of each tooth was obtained and computed by the software DentalSlice^® and the measures were assessed (pulp cavity volume, hard tissue volume, tooth volume and pulp cavity/tooth volume ratio). The pulp cavity volume and the pulp cavity/tooth volume ratio showed significant differences between age groups (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed a coefficient of determination of 0.21 which suggests that there is a weak correlation between the pulp cavity/tooth volume ratio and age.     

Nationwide outcomes of newborns with rectosigmoid versus long-segment Hirschsprung disease

PurposeHirschsprung Disease (HD) is a common congenital intestinal disorder. While aganglionosis most commonly affects the rectosigmoid colon (rectosigmoid HD), outcomes for patients in which aganglionosis extends to more proximal segments (long-segment HD) remain understudied. This study sought to compare postoperative outcomes among newborns with rectosigmoid and long-segment HD.MethodsThe Nationwide Readmission Database was queried from 2016 to 2018 for newborns with HD. Newborns were stratified into those with rectosigmoid or long-segment HD. Those who received no rectal biopsy or pull-through procedure during their newborn hospitalization were excluded. A propensity score-matched analysis (PSMA) of newborns with either type of HD was constructed utilizing 17 covariates including demographics, comorbidities, and congenital-perinatal conditions.ResultsThere were 1280 newborns identified with HD (82% rectosigmoid HD, 18% long-segment HD). Patients with rectosigmoid HD had higher rates of laparoscopic resections (35% vs. 12%) and less frequently received a concomitant ostomy (14% vs. 84%), both p < 0.001. Patients with long-segment HD were more likely to have a delayed diagnosis (12% vs. 5%) and require multiple bowel operations (19% vs. 4%), both p < 0.001. They experienced higher rates of complications, including small bowel obstructions (10% vs. 1%), infections (45% vs. 20%), and Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (11% vs. 5%), all p < 0.001. After PSMA, newborns with long-segment HD were found to have a longer length of stay and higher hospitalization costs.ConclusionNewborns with long-segment HD experience significant delays in diagnosis, surgery, and complications compared to those with rectosigmoid HD. This information should be utilized to improve healthcare delivery for this patient population.Type of StudyRetrospective comparative study.Level of EvidenceIII.     

妊娠13～16周妇女血25－羟维生素D3水平和妊娠期糖尿病发病的关系临床研究

目的：研究分析妊娠13～16周妇女25－羟维生素D3水平与患有糖尿病之间的关系。方法择取2014年02月～2014年08月妇产科接受产检及分娩的88例妊娠期糖尿病患者作为观察组,及同期的88例正常妊娠妇女作为对照组。分别检测妊娠13～16周时血25－羟维生素D3的含量。结果观察组患者的血25－羟维生素D3含量明显小于对照组,差异P＜0.05有统计学意义。观察组糖耐量测试1小时血糖异常患者的25－羟维生素D3水平显著小于糖耐量测试1 h血糖正常的患者,差异P＜0.05有统计学意义。结论妊娠13～16周时,患者血25－羟维生素D3含量越低,患有糖尿病的风险越高;25－羟维生素D3含量低下可能与糖尿量测试后1小时血糖增高具有显著相关性。     

自体骨膜游离移植的实验研究--不同龄动物大块关节软骨缺损修复的比较

目的研究比较自体骨膜移植软骨再生修复不同龄动物大块关节软骨缺损。方法用52只不同龄家兔自体骨膜游离移植修复大块关节软骨缺损,比较移植骨膜生发层朝向关节腔与松质骨时再生软骨的差别。结果经不同时期肉眼和组织学检查证实,幼年兔和成年兔的骨膜移植都能生成软骨,修复大块关节软骨缺损。在成年兔骨膜再生的软骨与成年兔本身周围正常软骨的厚度、组织结构一样。移植骨膜生发层朝向关节腔与松质骨二者间再生软骨结果无明显差别。结论骨膜具有再生软骨的能力,可用来移植修复关节软骨的缺损。骨膜移植生发层不同朝向对软骨再生无明显影响。成年后骨膜移植修复关节软骨缺损能够生成与自身相适应的软骨。