以嗜碱性粒细胞脱颗粒实验研究在真菌过敏性哮喘患者中的应用

从嗜碱粒细胞水平探讨研究真菌过敏原的方法学，并且应用于过敏性哮喘的研究。实验显示：在ｐＨ７．６、３７℃、真菌抗原浓度１０￣（－１）ｍｇ／ｍｌ的条件下，应用人嗜碱粒细胞脱颗粒实验（ＨＢＤＴ）研究真菌过敏原的方法具有很高的特异性（ｔ＝１６．８，Ｐ＜０．００１）和重复性（ＣＶ：８．７％）。应用ＨＢＤＴ对真菌过敏性哮喘进行研究，发现ＨＢＤＴ与皮肤试验的结果具有很高的符合率（９１．７％）。过敏性哮喘的脱颗粒指数（ＤＩ）显著高于正常人，并且脱敏治疗１年能显著降低其Ｄ１。提示：ＨＢＤＴ是一种简便、准确、可靠的体外研究过敏原的方法，反映了嗜碱粒细胞的功能状况。     

病原菌群体感应系统的研究进展

群体感应是细菌间依赖细胞密度的一种信息传递方式.细菌通过合成、分泌信号分子感知细菌群体密度,从而控制整个细菌群体行为.目前已在许多革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌和真菌中发现群体感应系统,对群体感应系统信号分子结构、信号传导通路进行大量研究后,发现其与细菌生物膜形成、生成分泌毒力因子密切相关.本文就以典型的铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、哈氏弧菌、白色念珠菌为例,对群体感应系统相关机制及研究进展予以综述.     

Development of mitochondrial SSU rDNA-based oligonucleotide probes for specific detection of common airborne fungi

In this study we sequenced partial mitochondrial small subunit rDNA from 32 fungal strains representing 31 species from 16 genera. Most of these species are common airborne fungi and pathogens that may cause various public health concerns. Sequence alignment showed several conserved and highly variable regions. The variable regions were deployed to design oligonucleotide probes for each fungal species. The specificity of the designed probes was first examined through homology search against GenBank database then further verified through hybridization experiments to 38 fungal strains. A total of 23 probes were verified as specific to 15 fungal species commonly detected in living and working environments. These new probes will have potential applications in clinical diagnosis and public health-related environmental monitoring.     

纸片法和国标法对食品霉菌检验效果比较

目的：比较纸片法和国标法对食品霉菌的检验效果。方法采样标本来自安徽省望江县疾病预防控制中心质管科送检的糕点、饮料等共416份,其中糕点317份,饮料99份。所有样本均同时采用纸片法和国标法进行霉菌检验,比较2种方法的检验效果。结果国标法检测糕点、饮料的合格率[75.7%（240/317）、63.6%（63/99）]与纸片法检测糕点、饮料的合格率[78.9%（250/317）、65.7%（65/99）]比较,差异均无统计学意义（χ^2=0.899、0.088,P＞0.05）。结论2种方法均可准确检验食品中的霉菌,但相对国标法而言,纸片法更快速、简便、有效、实用,可替代国标法。     

Fungal transformation of androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione by Aspergillus brasiliensis

Background

The biotransformation of steroids by fungal biocatalysts has been recognized for many years. There are numerous fungi of the genus Aspergillus which have been shown to transform different steroid substances. The possibility of using filamentous fungi Aspergillus brasiliensis cells in the biotransformation of androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, was evaluated.

Methods

The fungal strain was inoculated into the transformation medium which supplemented with androstadienedione as a substrate and fermentation continued for 5 days. The metabolites were extracted and isolated by thin layer chromatography. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated using ¹H-NMR, broadband decoupled ¹³C-NMR, EI Mass and IR spectroscopies.

Results

The fermentation yielded one reduced product: 17β-hydroxyandrost-1,4-dien-3-one and two hydroxylated metabolites: 11α-hydroxyandrost-1,4-diene-3,17-dione and 12β-hydroxyandrost-1,4-diene-3,17-dione.

Conclusions

The results obtained in this study show that A. brasiliendsis could be considered as a biocatalyst for producing important derivatives from androstadienedione.     

G试验早期诊断深部真菌感染的临床价值

目的：分析 G 试验与体液真菌培养结果的相关性,探讨 G 试验在早期诊断深部真菌感染的临床价值。方法统计深圳市人民医院2009年10月-2010年12月进行 G 试验的住院患者887例,86例同时留取血液、脑脊液、胸腔或腹腔引流液等体液标本做真菌培养。观察 G 试验和真菌培养的符合率。结果在887例患者中 G 试验阳性标本146份,阳性率16.46％。标本阳性率居前三位的科室为老干部科、呼吸重症监护室、血液内科。在同时做体液真菌培养的86例患者中 G 试验阳性符合率80.00％;阴性符合率85.19％。结论 G 试验在早期诊断深部真菌感染有重要的临床价值。     

抗肿瘤真菌蛋白的研究进展

药用真菌具有明显的抗癌作用。以往认为多糖是真菌抗肿瘤活性的主要成分,但真菌中分离出的真菌免疫调节蛋白、凝集素、核糖核酸酶等蛋白质,具有提高机体免疫、抑制细胞增殖和诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡等抗肿瘤活性。真菌蛋白质是另一种重要的生物活性物质,对其抗肿瘤活性和机制的研究有广大的开发空间和挖掘潜力。     

功能性鼻内镜手术治疗真菌性鼻窦炎43例报告

目的探讨鼻内镜治疗真菌性鼻窦炎的手术方法、疗效及发病原因。方法对我科2002年以来,经鼻内镜手术治疗的43例真菌性鼻窦炎进行总结、分析。结果术后43例症状均消失,2~3个月后经鼻内镜检查,上窦颌窦窦口上皮化,随访6个月~2年,无复发。结论经内镜处理窦口鼻道复合体病变,保持引流通畅是预防复发的重要因素之一,鼻内镜手术治疗真菌性鼻窦炎创伤小、不损害鼻腔的正常功能,便于术后复查与随访,已基本替代了传统的上颌窦根治手术。     

Microbiome and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) incidence and related-deaths are increasing worldwide. PDAC is characterized by poor prognosis due to late diagnosis, high metastatic capacity and resistance to therapy. This is partially due to its specific microenvironment, where the stroma is prominent over tumor cells. Besides the oral and gut microbiota, the intratumor microbiome, i.e. the bacterial and fungal microorganisms present within the tumor, was recently introduced as a new partner of the tumor microenvironment of PDAC modulating pancreatic carcinogenesis, intratumor immune infiltrates, and response to chemotherapy. In this review, we propose an overview of current knowledge about the roles of bacteria and fungi in PDAC development and biology, and discuss potential therapeutic implications.     

Fonsecaea pedrosoi‐induced Th17‐cell differentiation in mice is fostered by Dectin‐2 and suppressed by Mincle recognition

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic skin infection caused by the pigmented saprophytic mould Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Chronicity of infection can be broken by a coordinated innate recognition of the spores by pattern recognition receptors. While Mincle signaling via the Syk/Card9 pathway is required for fungal recognition by host cells, it is not sufficient for host control. Exogenously applied TLR agonists are necessary to promote the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and clearance of infection in vivo. Here, we investigated whether costimulation by TLR agonists fosters the development of adaptive immune responses, by examining the development of fungus‐specific T cells. Subcutaneous infection of mice with F. pedrosoi spores induced the activation, expansion, and differentiation of Ag‐specific CD4⁺ T cells but TLR costimulation did not further augment these T‐cell responses. The Dectin‐2/FcRγ/Card9 signaling pathway promoted the differentiation of fungus‐specific CD4⁺ T cells into Th17 cells, whereas Mincle inhibited the development of this T‐helper subset in infected mice. These results indicate differential roles for Dectin‐2 and Mincle in the generation of adaptive immune responses to F. pedrosoi infection.