原发性肾病综合征患儿539例病理类型及随访

目的 分析原发性肾病综合征（PNS）患儿的病理类型、治疗及随访情况。方法 纳入2005年1月至2009年12月在湖南省儿童医院肾内科住院的诊断为PNS,进行肾脏病理学检查且随访时间≥6个月的患儿,根据年龄分为<2岁组、～5岁组、～10岁组和>10岁组,对不同年龄组肾脏病理类型、对糖皮质激素的反应、转归及随访资料进行分析。结果 共纳入539例PNS患儿,男性402例,女性137例,男女比例为2.9∶1;＜2岁组159例（29.5%）,~5岁组269例（499%）,~10岁组84例（15.6%）,＞10岁组27例（5.0%）（P＜001）。①微小病变274例（50.8%）,局灶节段性肾小球硬化79例（14.6%）,系膜增生性肾小球肾炎173例（32.1%）,膜增生性肾小球肾炎6例（1.1%）,膜性肾病4例（074%）,增生硬化性肾小球肾炎2例（0.37%）,脂蛋白肾病1例（0.18%）。不同年龄组间肾脏病理类型的分布差异有统计学意义（P＜005）。②对糖皮质激素敏感和依赖的PNS患儿以微小病变为主（分别为62.4%和69.6%）,对糖皮质激素耐药的PNS患儿以系膜增生性肾小球肾炎为主（48.4%）。③539例中239例完全缓解,75例部分缓解,61例无效,158例症状控制,尿蛋白（-）,但仍在服用泼尼松。6例患儿分别因对糖皮质激素耐药,病情不能缓解,合并严重感染或进展至终末期肾病放弃治疗而死亡。结论 儿童PNS的发病高峰年龄、肾脏病理类型以及对糖皮质激素耐药的发生率可能已发生改变,并且在不同年龄患儿间存在差异。     

初发过敏性紫癜患儿肾脏受累危险因素分析

目的 对初发过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿进行随访,探讨HSP患儿肾脏受累的危险因素.方法 前瞻性纳入2009年12月至2010年11月在南京医科大学附属南京儿童医院肾脏科住院的初发HSP患儿,随访6个月,根据肾脏受累定义,将HSP患儿分为肾脏受累组和无肾脏受累组.复习文献提取与肾脏受累可能相关的3项人口学特征、8项临床症状...     

Sociodemographic and smoking behavioral predictors associated with smoking cessation according to follow-up periods: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of transdermal nicotine patches

This study investigated sociodemographic and smoking behavioral factors associated with smoking cessation according to follow-up periods. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of transdermal nicotine patches, subjects were a total of 118 adult male smokers, who were followed up for 12 months. Univariable logistic regression analysis and stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of smoking cessation. The overall self-reported point prevalence rates of abstinence were 20% (24/118) at 12 months follow-up, and there was no significant difference in abstinence rates between placebo and nicotine patch groups. In the univariable logistic regression analysis, predictors of successful smoking cessation were the low consumption of cigarettes per day and the low Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores (p<0.05) at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. In the stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses, predictors of successful smoking cessation, which were different according to the follow- up periods, were found to be the low consumption of cigarettes per day at the short-term and midterm follow-up (< or =6 months), older age, and the low consumption of cigarettes per day at the long-term follow-up (12 months).     

解剖钢板结合连续被动运动功能锻炼治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的 评价解剖钢板结合连续被动运动(CPM)功能锻炼在治疗胫骨平台骨折中的应用价值.方法 2003年5月至2005年10月本院34例胫骨平台骨折行解剖复位、解剖钢板内固定并在术后进行CPM功能锻炼.结果 术后对患者行X线检查示骨折实现解剖复位或接近解剖复位.23例患者经5～30个月随访骨折均愈合,无植骨坏死发生.CPM功能锻炼后运动功能恢复优良率为82.6%(19/23).结论 采用关节面的解剖复位、解剖钢板及牢固固定后配合术后CPM功能锻炼对于胫骨平台骨折有很好的疗效.     

HPV基因分型检测在宫颈高级别病变治疗后的应用进展

高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high risk human papillomavirus,HR-HPV)持续性感染是宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)和宫颈癌发生的主要原因。宫颈高级别病变患者在标准治疗后疾病进展风险仍高于正常人群。治疗后HR-HPV阳性、细胞学异常、切缘阳性等是宫颈高级别病变残留/复发的预测因子。HPV基因分型检测能明确治疗后HR-HPV的不同感染状态,有助于检出高风险人群。相较治疗后HR-HPV新发感染和再发感染,同一亚型HR-HPV持续感染与宫颈高级别病变治疗后的疾病残留/复发密切相关。HPV16/18型是宫颈高级别病变患者治疗后最常见的持续感染型别,有更高的疾病残留/复发风险,临床上应加强随访力度。与单纯细胞学、HR-HPV检测相比,随访HR-HPV基因分型能提高预测宫颈高级别病变治疗后疾病残留/复发的敏感度,同时保持相似甚至更高的特异度。     

33911例新生儿听力联合耳聋基因筛查及随访结果的分析

目的通过分析新生儿听力联合耳聋基因筛查的结果,以及对阳性病例的随访和管理,提高遗传性耳聋的检出率。方法收集33911例新生儿听力联合耳聋基因筛查的结果,应用Sanger测序对听力未通过或基因筛查提示阳性的患儿进行验证。结果听力初筛通过率为93.32%,复筛为87.01%。耳聋基因筛查阳性率为4.18%。GJB2、SLC26A4、GJB3和12SrRNA基因变异的检出率分别为1.98%、1.58%、0.37%和0.25%。共检出126例迟发性耳聋,84例药物性耳聋,4例GJB2纯合/复合杂合变异,5例SLC26A4纯合/复合杂合变异。联合筛查发现GJB2、SLC26A4、GJB3和12SrRNA单杂合变异者听力初筛和复筛未通过的比例分别为6.75%和2.61%、3.3%和1.2%、0.72%和0.14%、0.36%和0%。纯合/单基因复合杂合变异、单基因杂合变异、多基因复合杂合以及GJB3纯合变异组听力筛查未通过率明显高于阴性组,差异具有统计学意义。结论基因检测是对新生儿听力筛查很好的补充。对阳性患儿的追踪管理能够有效提高耳聋的诊断率,但基因筛查不能等同于诊断,应综合分析基因检测、听力筛查和影像学的结果,Sanger/二代测序可作为重要的补充检查手段。     

体外受精—胚胎移植孕早期的随访研究

目的对体外受精-胚胎移植及其衍生技术早孕期情况的研究。方法回顾性分析778周期,IVF组、ICSI组、IVF/ICSI组、FET组孕早期妊娠结局的临床观察。结果体外受精-胚胎移植及其衍生技术早孕期自然流产率与一般人群自然流产的发病率10%-18%相似,各组间比较无统计学差异。生化妊娠、早期流产、宫外孕、继续妊娠四种不同妊娠结局分组比较年龄、不孕年限、优胚数、盆腔输卵管因素、原发/继发不孕因素间比较无统计学差异。结论体外受精-胚胎移植及其衍生技术妊娠后孕早期的情况与一般人群相似。     

220例宫颈上皮内瘤变的临床分析

目的：探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）的不同处理方法及预后。方法：选择宫颈癌筛查CIN患者220例,116例CINⅠ作为单纯随访组,104例包括CINⅠ53例、CINⅡ37例、CINⅢ14例作为治疗组。治疗组中物理治疗者共50例,宫颈锥切术治疗25例,高频电波刀宫颈电圈切除术（LEEP）20例,子宫全切术治疗共9例。所有病例随访2年。结果：单纯随访组第6,12和24个月CINⅠ自然转阴率分别为29.31%（34/116）、55.14%（59/107）、83.51%（81/97）,病变持续率分别为69.83%（81/116）、43.92%（47/107）、14.43%（14/97）;单纯随访组第24个月HPV高危型转阴率为27.45%（14/51）,HPV低危型转阴率为47.06%（24/51）,进展病例均为HPV高危型阳性。治疗组中CINⅠ和CINⅡ物理治疗者1年内复发率分别为4.88%（2/41）、22.2%（2/9）,CINⅡ及CINⅢ行宫颈锥切或LEEP患者均未见复发者。目前所有病例仍在继续随访。结论：多数CINⅠ病变会自然消退,HPV也自然清除,但对于HPV持续阳性的患者应警惕其进展为高度CIN。随访病例要选择阴道镜满意,病灶范围小,自愿接受随访者;CINⅡ级及CINⅢ级应选用宫颈锥切或LEEP治疗,但CINⅢ级需长期随访。对于宫颈高度病变则不推荐使用物理治疗。     

Ovarian cancer patient surveillance after curative-intent initial treatment

Objective

Patient surveillance after potentially curative treatment of ovarian carcinoma has important clinical and financial implications for patients and society. The optimal intensity of surveillance for these patients is unknown. We aimed to document the current follow-up practice patterns of gynecologic oncologists.

Methods

We created four idealized vignettes describing patients with stages I-III ovarian cancer. We mailed a custom-designed survey instrument based on the vignettes to the members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists (SGO). SGO members were asked, via this instrument, how often they requested 11 discrete follow-up evaluations for their patients for the first 10 postoperative years after treatment with curative intent.

Results

We received 283 evaluable responses (30%) from the 943 SGO members and candidate members. The most frequently performed items for each year were office visit, pelvic examination, and serum CA-125 level. Imaging studies such as chest X-ray, abdominal-pelvic CT, chest CT, abdominal-pelvic MRI, and transvaginal ultrasound were rarely recommended. There was marked variation in the frequency of use of most tests. There was a decrease in the frequency of testing over time for all modalities.

Conclusion

This dataset provides detailed documentation of the self-reported surveillance practices of highly credentialed experts who manage patients with ovarian cancer in the 21st century. The optimal follow-up strategy remains unknown and controversial. Our survey showed marked variation in surveillance intensity. Identifying the sources of this variation warrants further research.     

MRKH综合征及其手术治疗的研究现状

先天性子宫阴道缺如(Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser,MRKH)综合征的发生可能与多种基因有关,并有家族遗传性及聚集性.该病的主要治疗方法是人工阴道成形术.随着腹腔镜技术和组织工程技术的应用和发展,研究者均尝试着对手术方式进行改进和创新,并对患者进行长期随访以评价各种术式的治疗效果.综述MR...