不同麻醉下子宫切除术病人围术期应激反应与纤溶功能的变化

目的比较不同麻醉下子宫切除术病人围术期应激反应与纤溶功能的变化。方法择期行子宫切除术的病人30例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为3组,连续硬膜外麻醉组(E组)、连续硬膜外麻醉联合全麻组(G E组)和全麻组(G组),每组10例,E、G E组术后采用病人自控硬膜外镇痛,G组术后采用病人自控静脉镇痛,维持视觉模拟评分小于3-4分。分别于麻醉前(T0)、术毕(T1)、术后24h(T2)和72h(T3)采集静脉血,测定血浆去甲肾上腺素(NA)、肾上腺素(A)和D-二聚体(DD)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)浓度。结果NA:G E组在T1、G组在T1-3高于T0(P<0.05或0.01);E、G E组在T1-3低于G组(P<0.05或0.01)。A:E、G组在T1.2、G E组在T1高于T0(P<0.05或0.01);E组在T1、G E组在T1,2低于G组(JP<0.05或0.01);E组在T2高于G E组(P<0.01)。DD:E组在T1-3、G E组在T2,3、G组在T2高于T0(P<0.05或0.01);E组在T1高于G E组(P<0.05)。t-PA:与T0比较,E组在T1升高,G E、G组在T1升高而在T3降低(P<0.01);E组在T3高于G、G E组(P<0.05或0.01)。PAI-1:三组在T1,2均高于T0(P<0.01);E组在T1-3、低于G、G E组(P<0.05或0.01)。结论连续硬膜外麻醉可减轻术中应激反应及抑制PAI-1活性的升高,有助于维持子宫切除术病人围术期的纤溶功能。     

DHF／DSS患者凝血和纤溶系统变化的临床意义

目的检测 DHF/DSS 患者急性期凝血和纤溶系统的变化,探索患者血浆渗漏和出血的发病机制。方法收集正常健康者、DF 和 DHF/DSS 急性期患者的血浆各30份,应用 ELISA 法检测 t-PA、PAI-1、PC、TM、TF、TFPI 和 D-二聚体,发色底物法测 AT 等分子。结果血管内皮细胞的特异性表达产物 vWF 和TM 升高;TF升高,TFPI 没有变化;t-PA 显著增加,PAI-1下降,t-PA/PAI-1比值显著升高,PC、AT 和D-二聚体变化无统计学意义。结论 DHF/DSS 患者急性期血管内皮细胞活化或损伤的同时,凝血和纤溶系统均已活化;内皮细胞通过表达 TM、t-PA 和 PAI-1等相关分子在引起凝血和纤溶系统失调,造成血浆渗漏和出血等方面起重要作用。TM、t-PA 和 PAI-1等变化在 DHF/DSS 的发病机制中起重要作用,对 DHF/DSS 急性期有诊断价值,可作为辅助诊断指标。     

Compromised atrial coronary anatomy is associated with atrial arrhythmias and atrioventricular block complicating acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: The relevance of the atrial coronary anatomy in the pathogenesis of atrial arrhythmias and atrioventricular (AV) block complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the location of the infarct-related coronary lesion relative to the principal atrial branches (ie, sinoatrial nodal, AV nodal, left atrial circumflex) in 454 patients with ST-elevation AMI in the CAPTORS II trial. METHODS: Patients underwent systematic 60-minute postfibrinolytic angiograms, and coronary anatomy was correlated with evidence of atrial arrhythmias and AV block on sequential electrocardiograms. RESULTS: Patients with either sinoatrial nodal or left atrial circumflex compromise (n = 34) had a higher incidence of "early" (ie, up to 90 minutes postfibrinolysis) atrial arrhythmias vs those without (23.5% vs 7.1%; P = .004). Patients with AV nodal compromise (n = 207) had a higher incidence of "early" AV block vs those without (12.1% vs 3.6%; P = .001). CONCLUSION: These findings support the etiological role of acute atrial ischemia in the development of early atrial arrhythmias and AV block complicating AMI.     

Periprocedural antithrombotic medication in acute ischemic stroke treated by catheter-based thrombectomy. A review

This review summarized limited information known about periprocedural antithrombotic therapy before, during and immediately after percutaneous catheter-based thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. Very few data on this topic were published so far. In general, rtPA should be used upfront whenever clinically clearly indicated (0–3 h from stroke onset, absence of contraindications) irrespective of subsequent mechanical thrombectomy. If mechanical treatment follows after thrombolysis, neither anticoagulation, nor antiplatelet agents should be used in the acute phase. No data exist about the periprocedural use of anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy in patients who cannot receive fibrinolysis and undergo direct mechanical thrombectomy alone. Most centers use no or very low dose heparin and a single dose of aspirin.     

C-reactive protein is directly related to plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels in diabetic subjects with the 4G allele at position -675 of the PAI-1 gene

Background and aimsC-reactive protein (CRP) has been identified as a possible factor able to promote atherosclerosis. “In vitro” studies have demonstrated that CRP induces plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) expression, suggesting a hypofibrinolytic role for CRP. As CRP and PAI-1 levels increase in type 2 diabetic subjects, we decided to study the relationship between CRP and PAI-1, and the role of the 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene on this relationship in a diabetic population without complications.Methods and resultsTwo hundred and ninety-five type 2 diabetic patients (age 60.9 ± 10.5 years) and 290 healthy controls (age 59.2 ± 11.5 years) were enrolled. A significant correlation between PAI-1 and CRP in diabetic subjects was found (r = 0.45, p < 0.001), whereas no relationship was evident in the control subjects between these inflammatory markers. Multiple regression analysis highlighted that CRP is the only one significant variable of PAI-1 antigen in diabetic subjects (partial r = 0.31, p < 0.01). Stratifying by genotype, a positive correlation between PAI-1 and CRP in 4G/4G (partial r = 0.64 p < 0.001) and 4G/5G (partial r = 0.47, p < 0.001) subjects was found, whereas no correlation in 5G/5G was present. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the presence of this correlation in 4G/4G (partial r = 0.45, p < 0.001) and in 4G/5G (partial r = 0.34, p = 0.007) diabetic patients.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that CRP plays an important role in the complex mechanism regulating PAI-1 antigen in 4G diabetic carriers.     

电针足三里对脓毒症大鼠凝血和纤溶功能的影响

目的 观察电针足三里(ST36)对脓毒症大鼠凝血和纤溶功能的影响.方法 取雄性SD大鼠192只,随机分为6组:生理盐水组(SHAM)、脂多糖组(LPS)、电针非经非穴组(Non-EA)、电刺激足三里组(EA)、迷走神经切断组(VGX)、银环蛇毒素组(α-BGT).分别于注射脂多糖前(0时)、注入后2、4、6h4个时点取8只大鼠经腹主动脉取血后处死,离心取血浆用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、D-二聚体、纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1(PAI-1)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)的水平,用发色底物法检测抗凝血Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)的活性.结果 在予以LPS2h后,LPS组(332.71 ±8.23) ng/L和VGX组(449.70±13.74) ng/L和α-BGT组(448.89±16.50) ng/L血浆TNF-α水平较EA组(268.64±5.48) ng/L升高(P＜0.05);4h时,LPS组(681.27±7.72)ng/L和VGX组(776.29±3.23) ng/L和α-BGT组(769.97±5.50) ng/L与EA组(487.21±5.42) ng/L比较,血浆PAI水平升高(P＜0.05);2h时,LPS组(22.51±0.47)ng/L和VGX组(27.10 ±0.30)ng/L和α-BGT组(27.01 ±0.57) ng/L与EA组(10.83 ±0.12) ng/L比较,血浆t-PA水平升高;2h时,LPS组(50.94 ±3.33) ng/L和VGX组(73.48 ±4.45) ng/L和α-BGT组(70.10±2.80) ng/L与EA组(29.47±3.58) ng/L比较,血浆D-二聚体水平升高(P＜0.05);2h时,LPS组(368.76±13.83)和VGX组(244.69 ±4.88)和α-BGT组(241.85 ±5.51)与EA组(426.78 ±3.07)比较,血浆AT-Ⅲ的活性降低(P＜0.05).结论 电针足三里能有效抑制脓毒症大鼠血浆TNF-α的水平,并能减轻炎症反应,对于凝血和纤溶功能紊乱也有明显的改善作用.     

厄贝沙坦对高血压患者纤维蛋白溶解障碍的影响

目的　观察厄贝沙坦对高血压患者纤溶障碍的影响。方法　观察 2 8例 1、2级原发性高血压病人用厄贝沙坦治疗 2周前后血压、心率、血浆纤溶性指标 (t PA抗原、PAI抗原和 D-二聚体 )和血管性血友病因子 (v WF)水平的变化 ,并与 2 1例健康对照组比较。血液指标测量均采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法。结果　 2 8例病人经厄贝沙坦降压治疗 2周后 ,血压明显下降 (P<0 .0 1) ,而心率无明显变化 (P>0 .0 5 )。 2 8例病人治疗前血浆 PAI- 1、D-二聚体和v WF水平明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,治疗后明显下降 (P<0 .0 1) ;2 8例病人治疗前 t PA抗原 ,t PA/ PAT- 1比值明显低于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,治疗后明显增加 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　 AT1受体阻滞剂厄贝沙坦可明显改善高血压病患者纤溶障碍 ,其作用机制可能部分与改善内皮功能有关     

冠心病的抗凝血酶Ⅲ与纤溶改变及其临床意义

目的：研究冠心病的抗凝血酶Ⅲ（AT-Ⅲ）及纤溶改变特点并探讨其临床意义。方法：对冠心病组（34例）及对照组（30例）的抗凝血酶Ⅲ抗原（AT-Ⅲ：Ag）、抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性（AT-Ⅲ：a）、纤溶酶原抗原（PLG：Ag）、纤溶酶活性（PL：a）、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂活性（t－PA：a）、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂活性（PAI：a）和D-二聚体（D-dimer）进行检测和分析。结果：冠心病组的AT-Ⅲ：a显著降低（P＜0．01），PAI；a显著增高（P＜0．01），PL：a及D-dimer显著增高（P＜0．05，0．01）。t－PA：a与PL：a，t－PA：a、PL：a与D-dimer呈正相关。冠心病组中，不稳定型心绞痛及冠状动脉多支病变者与稳定型心绞痛及单支病变者比较，PL：a、t－PA：a、PAI：a及D-dimer增高尤显（均P＜0．05）。结论：冠心病特别是不稳定型心绞痛及冠状动脉多支病变者存在高凝状态和纤溶活性增高。     

Menopause,complement, and hemostatic markers in women at midlife: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Objective

To evaluate whether higher circulating levels of complement proteins C3 and C4 are associated with menopausal status and with hemostatic/thrombus formation markers (circulating factor VII (factor VIIc), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA-ag)) in a sample of midlife women.

Methods and results

A total of 100 women (50 late peri-/postmenopausal and 50 pre-/early peri- menopausal women) from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Pittsburgh site were included in the present analysis. Factor VIIc and PAI-1 were log transformed. Linear regression was used for analysis. The mean age of the study participants was 50.5 ± 2.6 years with 73% were Caucasian and 27% were African American. C3 but not C4 was significantly higher in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women (P value = 0.03), adjusting for age, race and BMI. In final model (adjusting for age, race, BMI and menopausal status), C3 was associated with higher levels of log PAI-1 (P value = 0.0009) and tPA-ag (P value = 0.0003), while C4 was associated with higher levels of log factor VIIc (P value = 0.04) and fibrinogen (P value = 0.005).

Conclusions

These data suggest that C3 and C4 may be related to blood clots via their associations with hemostatic markers and that C3 is related to menopausal status. Complement proteins C3 and C4 could be possible pathways by which postmenopausal women are at higher risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular related events. It is important to replicate these findings in a larger sample size.