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41.
Aishwarya Ravindran Fernando C. Fervenza Richard J.H. Smith An S. De Vriese Sanjeev Sethi 《Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic》2018,93(8):991-1008
Objective
To describe the clinicopathological features, complement abnormalities, triggers, treatment, and outcomes of C3 glomerulopathy.Patients and Methods
A total of 114 patients with C3 glomerulopathy seen at Mayo Clinic from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2016, were evaluated in this study.Results
The mean age at diagnosis for the entire cohort was 40.4±22.3 years, with a median serum creatinine level and proteinuria value of 1.6 mg/dL (range: 0.3-14.7) (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259) and 2605 mg/24 h (range: 233-24,165), respectively. Hematuria was present in 100 patients (87.7%). The C3 and C4 levels were low in 50 of 112 (44.6%) and 13 of 110 (11.8%) patients, respectively. A history of infection, positive autoimmune findings, and monoclonal gammopathy (MIg) were present in 33 of 114 (28.9%), 28 of 114 (24.6%), and 36 of 95 (37.9%) patients, respectively. However, 28 of 43 patients 50 years or older (65.1%) had MIg. A genetic variant in complement genes, C3 nephritic factor (C3Nef), and other autoantibodies was present in 26 of 70 (37.1%), 30 of 69 (43.5%), and 9 of 67 (13.4%) patients, respectively. Membranoproliferative and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis were the common patterns of injury. Patients without MIg were younger (mean age, 32.3±20.6 years), with a median serum creatinine level and proteinuria value of 1.4 mg/dL (range: 0.3-7.9) and 2450 mg/24 h (range: 250-24, 165) and with low C3 and C4 levels in 38 of 77 (49.4%) and 9 of 75 (12.0%) patients, respectively. Most patients received corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. In patients without MIg, at a median follow-up of 22.3 months (range: 0.1-201.1), the median serum creatinine level and proteinuria value were 1.4 mg/dL (range: 0.3-3.7) and 825.5 mg/24 h (range: 76-22, 603), and 7 patients (9.2%) had progression to end-stage renal disease.Conclusion
C3 glomerulopathy is a heterogeneous disease entity with complex triggering events and abnormalities of the alternative pathway of complement. The disease tends to be progressive and exhibits a variable response to immunosuppressive therapy. 相似文献42.
Hugh E. Criswell David H. Overstreet Amir H. Rezvani Kevin B. Johnson Peter E. Simson Darin J. Knapp Sheryl S. Moy George R. Breese 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1994,18(4):917-923
Several lines of research have suggested a link between the reward value of a drug and its ability to stimulate locomotion. One goal of the present study was to determine whether ethanol preferentially stimulates locomotor activity in lines of rat that show a preference for ethanol. A secondary goal was to determine the extent to which the benzodiazepine-like and NMDA antagonistic action of ethanol accounted for its effect on locomotor activity. To meet these goals, the effects of varying doses of ethanol (0.125-1.0 g/kg), MK-801 (0.1-0.3 mg/kg), and chlordiazepoxide (0.3-3 mg/kg) on locomotor activity were studied in several lines of rats that had been habituated to the testing procedure. The effect of low doses of ethanol on motor activity in the Alcohol-Preferring (P) and Fawn-Hooded rats, which show a strong ethanol preference, were similar to those of the alcohol-nonpreferring (NP), Flinders Sensitive Line, and Flinders Resistant Line rats. Only the Flinder Resistant Line rats showed a small, but significant increase in locomotor activity after the administration of ethanol. The highest dose of ethanol (1.0 g/kg) produced locomotor depression in all lines except the P and NP lines, which were not tested at this dose. These findings do not support a link between locomotor stimulation by ethanol and ethanol preference. In contrast, all lines exhibited locomotor stimulation after moderate (0.1-0.3 mg/kg) doses of MK-801, but did not exhibit increases in activity following any dose of chlordiazepoxide. These data indicate that the profiles of activity after MK-801 and chlordiazepoxide were distinct from that of ethanol in the various rat lines. Therefore, the effects of ethanol on locomotor activity cannot be accounted for by reference solely to its antagonist-like action at NMDA receptors and/or its agonist-like action at GABA/benzodiazepine receptors. 相似文献
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45.
Pavel Kolkhir Elena Borzova Clive Grattan Riccardo Asero Dmitry Pogorelov Marcus Maurer 《Autoimmunity reviews》2017,16(12):1196-1208
Background and objective
Numerous autoimmune diseases (AIDs) have been linked to chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Here, we provide the first extensive and comprehensive evaluation of the prevalence of AIDs in patients with CSU and vice versa.Methods
A Pubmed and Google Scholar search was performed to identify studies reporting the prevalence of various AIDs in CSU and vice versa published before April 2017.Results
The prevalence of individual AIDs in CSU is increased (≥ 1% in most studies vs ≤ 1% in the general population). AIDs with relatively high prevalence in the general population are also quite common in CSU patients, whereas those with low prevalence remain a rare finding in CSU. The rates of comorbidity in most studies were ≥ 1% for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis and celiac disease (CD), ≥ 2% for Graves' disease, ≥ 3% for vitiligo, and ≥ 5% for pernicious anemia and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Organ-specific AIDs are more prevalent in CSU than systemic (multiorgan or non organ-specific) AIDs. > 2% of CSU patients have autoimmune polyglandular syndromes encompassing autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) and vitiligo or pernicious anemia. Antithyroid and antinuclear antibodies are the most prevalent AID-associated autoantibodies in CSU. > 15% of CSU patients have a positive family history for AIDs. The prevalence of urticarial rash in AID patients is > 1% in most studies. This rash is more prevalent in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, ATD, systemic lupus erythematosus, RA and CD.Conclusions
CSU patients have an increased risk of AIDs, especially adult female patients and those with a positive family history and a genetic predisposition for AIDs, who should be screened for signs and symptoms of AIDs. 相似文献46.
Juan Wen Shu Liu Xiao Ye Xiaoqiu Xie Jialing Li Huang Li Li Mei 《Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)》2017,148(12):913-921
Background
The authors conducted a study to compare 2-dimensional (2D) lateral cephalometric radiography (LCR), 2D cone-beam computer tomographic (CBCT)–generated cephalogram and 3-dimensional (3D) CBCT for assessing cephalometric measurements.Methods
The authors took 2D LCR, 2D CBCT-generated cephalogram, and 3D CBCT images involving 60 participants. They obtained 11 angular and 11 linear measurements for all images. They used 1-way analysis of variance and the Fisher least significant difference test for statistical comparisons. The authors used Pearson correlation and Pearson χ2 test to assess the relationship of these imaging modalities for vertical cephalometric analyses.Results
Significant differences existed between the 2D cephalograms (LCR and CBCT-generated cephalogram) and the 3D CBCT in 2 angular measurements (maxillary first incisor-nasion (N) point A [A] and mandibular first incisor-N point B (B) (P = .027 and P < .001, respectively) and 5 linear measurements (N menton[Me]/sella gonion [Go], condylion [Co]A, Co gnathion, Go-Me and anterior nasal spine-posterior nasal spine) (P < .004). These measurement values with significant differences were generally greater (approximately 5° for angular measurements and 10 millimeters for linear measurements) on the 3D CBCT scans than on the 2D cephalograms. No significant difference was found between the 2 2D cephalograms (P > .164). No significant difference was found among the 3 imaging modalities for the vertical cephalometric analyses (P > .466).Conclusions
Significant differences existed between the 2D cephalograms (LCR and CBCT-generated cephalogram) and the 3D CBCT scans in 2 angular and 5 linear measurements. The 2 2D cephalograms were similar for cephalometric measurements. The 3 imaging modalities had no significant difference for the vertical cephalometric analyses. CBCT might not add value for every orthodontic situation.Practical Implications
These results find the values of cephalometric measurements on 3D CBCT scans may be greater than on the conventional LCR for some parameters. The 2D CBCT-generated cephalogram could be an alternative to the conventional LCR for patients whose large-field-of-view CBCT images are already available. 相似文献47.
48.
Andrea Greisberger Brigitte Wolf Klaus Widhalm David Kollmitzer Maximilian Arbesser Peter Putz 《Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics》2019,42(6):425-429
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the intrarater and interrater reliability of marking 2 angles with the TEMPLO software and to provide relevant information for clinical practice.MethodsA prospective test–retest study has been conducted. Four raters took measures on 2 days, with 2 weeks in between. Craniovertebral angle and trunk forward lean were drawn on 22 video frames using TEMPLO. Reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients including standard errors of measurement and minimal detectable change values as measures of precision expressed in the unit of the test (°).ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients for intrarater and interrater reliability ranged from 0.98 to 1.00. Standard errors of measurement and minimal detectable change values ranged from 0.4° to 0.8° and 0.8° to 2.3°, respectively.ConclusionThese results indicate excellent reliability for craniovertebral angle and trunk forward lean assessed with TEMPLO software. Changes exceeding 2.3° may be expected to fall outside the test’s variability. 相似文献
49.
Markus A. Loeven Angelique LWMM Rops Jo HM Berden Mohamed R. Daha Ton J. Rabelink Johan van der Vlag 《Molecular immunology》2015
Complement factor H (FH) systemically inhibits excessive complement activation in the microenvironment of host cells, but for instance not on microbes. This self-recognition is mediated by two binding sites that recognize distinctly sulfated heparan sulfate (HS) domains. The interaction with HS not only concentrates FH on host cells, but directly affects its activity, evoking novel models of conformational activation. Genetic aberrations in the HS-binding domains systemically disturb the protective function of FH, yet the resulting loss of complement control affects mainly ocular and renal tissues. Recent results suggest that the specific expression of HS domains in these tissues restricts the interaction of HS to a single binding site within FH. This lack of redundancy could predispose eyes and kidneys to complement-mediated damage, making HS a central determinant for FH-associated diseases. 相似文献
50.
Semiquantitative multiplex PCR: a useful tool for large rearrangement screening and characterization
Garcia-Garcia AB Blesa S Martinez-Hervas S Mansego ML Gonzalez-Albert V Ascaso JF Carmena R Real JT Chaves FJ 《Human mutation》2006,27(8):822-828
Methods presently employed for detection of large rearrangements have several drawbacks, such as the amount of sample and time required, technical difficulty, or the probability of false-negative carriers. Using the low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene, whose mutations are responsible for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), we have developed a procedure to detect large rearrangements in this gene based on semiquantitative PCR, with important improvements as compared to previous methods. Our method covers the complete LDLR gene and introduces an internal control in the reaction. The procedure discriminates the four different large rearrangements (two deletions and two insertions) that we have used as positive mutation controls (Valencia-1 to -5). All altered exons from each rearrangement are identified. Furthermore, when families from probands carrying these large rearrangements (34 members) were analyzed, our results agreed with those obtained previously with Southern blot. We have also analyzed a sample of 110 unrelated FH probands and the method has correctly identified the two different large rearrangements present and insertions or deletions as small as 1 bp. In conclusion, the method we present allows the identification of large rearrangements affecting exons of the gene, including small insertions or deletions or complete gene deletion. In addition, it constitutes a first characterization step of rearrangements, and is easy to carry out fast, and can be applied to the analysis of any gene. 相似文献