9.4 T磁共振弥散张量纤维束成像对SD大鼠C6胶质瘤模型肿瘤生长特点随时间变化的影像学分析

目的探讨9.4 T 磁共振弥散张量纤维束成像(DTT)对SD大鼠C6胶质瘤模型皮质纤维束(CST)随着肿瘤发展所致的一系列影像学变化,并通过相关病理检验验证影像诊断中的意义。方法①使用立体定向法对20只成年雄性的SD大鼠的右脑尾状核注入体积为10μl含106个的C6胶质瘤细胞悬浮液。②运用9.4 T 行常规磁共振(MRI)、弥散张量成像(DTI)和 DTT检查后,运用 Function tool软件处理,得到各向异性分数图[纤维束重组成像(FA)]图和方向编码彩色图及双侧CST 3D纤维束重建图。对肿瘤病灶区域及肿瘤周边水肿区及正常白质区进行 FA值及平均弥散系数( MD)值测量,进行FA图像信号强度及对比度的分析,并且观察分析不同时期的SD大鼠C6脑胶质瘤对皮质脊髓束解剖关系的影响,然后行HE染色进行病理证实。结果所有SD大鼠C6脑胶质瘤模型均完成3D纤维束FA图像重建。测量的 FA值在3个区域比较差异(肿瘤实质区、周围水肿带、正常脑白质区)均有统计学意义(P<0.05),水肿带和肿瘤实质区测量的FA值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而3个部位的测量的MD值差异有统计学意义( P<0.05), DTT显示随着时间的推移,脊髓纤维束容易受到脑肿瘤占位、浸润、瘤周水肿带等的影响,纤维束可出现破坏和移位。结论9.4 T磁共振DTT能对不同时期SD大鼠C6胶质瘤模型做出直观观察,能较好显示皮质纤维束解剖关系的改变,病理上的改变也证实影像上的分析。     

Diffusion tensor imaging of periventricular leukomalacia – Initial experience

Aim of the study

To investigate the role of MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) in the assessment of altered major white matter fibers in preterm infants and children with PVL.

Patients and methods

We used diffusion tensor imaging to evaluate the major white matter tract fibers in 15 children with periventricular leukomalacia in correlation with cognitive and motor disability. Mean age of the patients was 28.5 months (range: 9–84 months). 5 normal control children were recruited (mean age: 21.4, range: 11–60 months). MR imaging was obtained by using a 1.5-T, whole-body scanner. DTI was acquired after the routine sequences. Then, data post-processing and fiber-tracking method was applied.

Results

This study demonstrated the existence of the WM tract injury in PVL patients using the DTI tractography approach in correlation with neurodevelopmental delay in patients with various degrees of cognitive and motor impairment. Compared with the normal control group, the following abnormalities were detected on qualitative analysis of the white matter tracts.

Corticospinal tracts

Decreased volume and cross-sectional area on the affected side.

Ascending sensorimotor tracts

Thinning of sensory fiber tracts and posterior thalamic radiations.

Commissural and association tracts

Significant damage of the callosal fibers was reported in cases with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum.

Conclusion

DTI proved to be a promising noninvasive method for assessing the severity of white matter tract injury in patients with PVL. This is owing to the capability of fiber-tracking techniques to provide more information for understanding the pathophysiologic features of sensorimotor and cognitive disability associated with PVL. This will allow for the early intervention and initiation of rehabilitation programs aiming for minimizing the associated neurological deficit.     

Antioxidant effects of Genkwa flos flavonoids on Freund׳s adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Genkwa flos (Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc.), a Chinese herbal medicine, has been traditionally used for over two thousand years in China for inflammation related symptoms, including joint pain. To evaluate the antioxidative effects of flavonoid aglycones (FA) isolated from Genkwa flos on adjuvant arthritis in rats and to identify the relationship between antioxidant potential and whole blood viscosity (WBV).

Materials and methods

FA compounds were identified using LC–MS and the content was assayed by HPLC. Arthritis was induced by an intradermal injection of Freund?s complete adjuvant in the footpad. The effects of FA on paw volumes, secondary arthritis scores, histopathology of joints, and body and organ weights were measured. The antioxidant effects of FA and WBV were determined.

Results

LC–MS analysis showed that the FA contained four major compounds: luteolin, apigenin, hydroxygenkwanin and genkwanin. FA significantly decreased paw edema, arthritis scores, and weight loss. These observations were consistent with the reduction of oxidative stress and the improvement of the WBV.

Conclusion

FA significantly decreased arthritis in a rat model through antioxidant and hemorheological modulatory mechanisms. The Genkwa flos flavonoids may have clinical potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.     

疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死疗效分析

目的观察疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法急性脑梗死患者共90例,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组应用疏血通注射液,对照组应用丹参注射液,疗程2周,治疗前后应用神经缺损评分判断疗效。结果治疗组总有效率93%,对照组为73%。治疗组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论疏血通注射液治疗急性脑梗死安全有效。     

中西医结合治疗白血病合并肛周脓肿疗效分析

目的探讨中西医结合治疗白血病合并肛周脓肿的临床疗效。方法将54例白血病合并肛旁脓肿患者随机分为治疗组（n=27）和对照组（n=27）;对照组采用根治手术治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用中草药治疗,并记录两组的愈合时间。结果 54例患者全部治愈,手术加中药组痊愈时间明显少于手术组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论白血病合并肛周脓肿应尽早手术治疗,术后口服中药可缩短伤口愈合时间,提高治疗效果。     

康莱特注射液配合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的比较康莱特注射液加化疗与单独化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效和毒副反应。方法将288例经病理组织学确诊的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者分成2组,每组144例。治疗组：NP方案（诺维本＋顺铂）＋康莱特注射液200 mL,每天1次,连用20天;对照组：单用NP方案。完成2周期后作疗效评价。结果治疗组有效率44.4%,对照组33.3%,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。治疗组血液毒副反应和消化道反应低于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。生活质量评分治疗组高于对照组,两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。治疗组化疗后较化疗前比较,CD 3比例略有上升,CD 4和CD 4/CD 8明显上升,CD 8明显下降（均P〈0.05）。结论康莱特注射液与化疗联合治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌可降低化疗对患者的毒副反应,提高细胞免疫功能,改善患者的生活质量。     

DNA damage induced by caffeic acid phenyl ester in the presence of Cu(II) ions: potential mechanism of its anticancer properties

The prooxidant effect of caffeic acid phenyl ester (CAPE) and its structurally analogues on supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA strand breakage and calf thymus DNA damage in the presence of Cu(II) ions has been studied. It was found that CAPE exhibit remarkably higher activity in the DNA damage than the ones bearing no ortho-dihydroxyl functionality. Kinetic analysis by UV-visible and fluorescence spectra demonstrates that the formation of CAPE-Cu(II) complexes, the stabilization of oxidative intermediate derived from CAPE and Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycles, might be responsible for the DNA damage. This study also reveals a tight correlation between its antioxidant and prooxidant activity. The mechanisms and implications of these observations are discussed.     

缺铁性贫血患者输注PRC前后血清SF、FA和VitB12水平的临床意义

目的：探讨了缺铁性贫血（IDA）患者输注悬浮红细胞（PRC）前后血清铁蛋白（SF）、叶酸（FA）和维生素B12（VitB12）水平的变化。方法：应用放射免疫分析对32例缺铁性贫血患者进行了输注PRC前后血清SF、FA和VitB12水平测定,并以35名正常健康人作比较。结果：缺铁性贫血患者在输注PRC前血清SF水平非常显著地低于正常人组（P〈0.01）,而血清FA、VitB12水平显著高于正常人组（P〈0.01）,经治疗2周后除SF水平与正常人比较仍有差异外（P〈0.05）,而FA和VitB12水平则与正常人比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：输注PRC对缺铁性贫血患者具有一定的治疗作用,有重要的临床价值。     

两种需氧血培养系统对模拟菌血症检测能力的比较

目的比较BACTEC PLUS树脂需氧瓶与BacT／Alert FA活性炭需氧瓶对模拟菌血症的检测能力。方法选择烧伤科常用的抗生素与细菌病原体，将菌液、抗生素、新鲜无菌血注入各培养瓶内，记录5d内阳性瓶的检出时间及二者对万古霉素的吸附能力，对2种具有不同吸附剂的血培养瓶的阳性检出率及平均检出时间进行比较。结果除替考拉宁组外，BACTEC PLUS树脂需氧瓶的细菌阳性检出率和平均检出时间均优于BacT／Alert FA活性炭需氧瓶，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）；替考拉宁组BacT／Alert FA活性炭需氧瓶的细菌阳性检出率和平均检出时间优于BACTEC PLUS树脂需氧瓶。结论在进行血培养时，应该尽可能在抗生素使用以前或F次使用抗生素以前采血。对已经应用抗生素的患者，应选择具有中和、吸附抗生素能力的培养系统。