假病毒在中和抗体检测中的应用研究进展

目前成功的病毒性疫苗大多通过诱导广谱有效的中和抗体来保护机体免受感染,因此检测血清中和抗体水平对疫苗的免疫效果评价具有重要意义.中和抗体检测的传统方法包括微量细胞病变效应抑制法、蚀斑减少试验等,均需进行活病毒操作.近年来,随着逆转录病毒载体和重组病毒表达技术的发展,假病毒得到越来越多的研究,并被广泛应用在新型疫苗研发、中和抗原表位鉴定、细胞嗜性研究、抗病毒药物筛选、中和抗体检测、基因治疗等方面.此文主要对假病毒在中和抗体检测中的应用进行综述,并总结相关领域的研究进展.     

New strategies against drug resistance to herpes simplex virus

Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a significant human pathogen that results in mucocutaneous lesions in the oral cavity or genital infections. Acyclovir (ACV) and related nucleoside analogues can successfully treat HSV infections, but the emergence of drug resistance to ACV has created a barrier for the treatment of HSV infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. There is an urgent need to explore new and effective tactics to circumvent drug resistance to HSV. This review summarises the current strategies in the development of new targets (the DNA helicase/primase (H/P) complex), new types of molecules (nature products) and new antiviral mechanisms (lethal mutagenesis of Janus-type nucleosides) to fight the drug resistance of HSV.     

Perinatal infection and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a pilot study

Recent studies suggest a synergic effect of infection and hypoxia-ischemia in the causation of perinatal brain damage. We conducted a prospective pilot study on the presence of infection in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), focusing on neurotropic viruses. Sixteen newborns with HIE were included in the study. There were no confirmed cases of viral infection. There was a case of bacterial early onset sepsis and four cases of suspected sepsis due to clinical and/or analytical signs, but with negative cultures. Our results do not support universal screening for viral infection in cases of HIE.     

Use of telbivudine in kidney transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A preliminary experience

Telbivudine is a relatively novel oral nucleoside analogue with favourable efficacy and tolerability in treatment‐naïve chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but its data in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) was lacking. The efficacy and tolerability of telbivudine in four treatment‐naïve HBsAg‐positive KTRs were reviewed (treatment duration 54 (36–72) months) HBV DNA declined from 2.6 × 10⁵(7.8 × 10³–1.5 × 10⁷) copies/mL at baseline to 170 (0.0–3.2 × 10⁴) copies/mL at 12 months, and became undetectable at 24 and 36 months (P = 0.060, 0.118 and 0.005 compared with baseline). Alanine aminotransferase levels dropped from 46.5 (30–48) IU/mL at baseline to 28 (13–45) IU/mL, 34.5 (15–71) IU/mL and 26 (12–41) IU/mL at 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively (P = 0.109, 0.715 and 0.068 compared with baseline). Serum creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remained stable after 36 months of treatment (P all > 0.05 compared with baseline). No virological breakthrough, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma occurred. Our pilot data suggests that telbivudine has favourable efficacy and renal safety profiles in HBsAg‐positive KTRs.     

De Novo Belatacept in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Kidney Transplant Recipient

Benefits of belatacept‐based immunosuppressive regimens in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive renal transplant recipients include avoidance of drug interactions between calcineurin inhibitors and highly active antiretroviral agents and decreased likelihood or severity of nonimmune toxicities such as new‐onset diabetes after transplant, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. We report a successful case of de novo belatacept at >18 mo from transplant in an HIV‐positive black man aged 50 years who received his first transplant from a living related kidney donor. To our knowledge, this case is the first reported of belatacept use in an HIV‐positive renal transplant recipient.     

Adult-onset chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection: Report of two cases and literature review北大核心CSCD

Objective To report two cases of adult-onset chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection, and review the relevant literature to improve the awareness of this disease. Methods The clinical data of 2 CAEBV patients were analyzed retrospectively. We also summarized the current understanding of CAEBV and described recent progress of CAEBV research. Results Two patients were diagnosed with CAEBV. The follow-up data showed that viral load was still detectable in one patient. The other patient lost to follow up. Conclusions The clinical presentations of CAEBV are diverse and nonspecific. The disease is progressive and more aggressive than the childhood-onset cases. The viral load in peripheral blood plays an important role in assessing patients’ conditions and planning therapeutic strategies. Viral load combined with tissue biopsy is an effective way for early diagnosis of this disease. © by Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy.