“双击”大鼠脾脏IκBα和TLR4基因表达及参麦注射液对其影响

目的通过观察“双击”(失血性休克+内毒素)大鼠脾脏中IκBα和TLR4mRNA表达及参麦注射液对其的影响,探讨参麦注射液抗休克的分子机制。方法大鼠随机分为单纯失血性休克(HS)组、“双击”(HS+LPS)组、地塞米松(HS+LPS+DEX)组和参麦注射液(HS+LPS+SM)组。大鼠第一次打击为失血性休克(MBP维持在5.3kPa),第二次打击舌下静脉LPS注射(1.5mg/kg),舌下静脉给予参麦注射液(28.8mg/kg)、地塞米松(2mg/kg)。4h后测定脾脏组织中IκBα和TLR4mRNA表达。结果HS+LPS+DEX组和HS+LPS+SM组TLR4mRNA表达高于HS、HS+LPS组;HS+LPS+Dex组和HS+LPS+SM组IκBαmRNA表达低于HS、HS+LPS组。结论参麦注射液能够下调脾脏组织中TLR4mRNA表达,同时上调脾脏组织中IκBα的表达,提示参麦可能通过调节NF-κB信号转导途径抑制炎症反应来对机体细胞起保护作用。     

大承气汤联合抗生素对急性胰腺炎内毒素、内皮素的影响及临床观察

目的观察大承气汤联合抗生素对急性胰腺炎患者血浆内毒素、内皮素的影响及疗效。方法将急性胰腺炎随机分成两组,对照组用西医常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的同时,给予大承气汤胃管注入。 结果与正常组比较,两组患者内皮素、内毒素均明显升高,治疗后,治疗组较对照组各值降低。结论抗生素与大承气汤联合应用临床疗效更优。     

Maternal exposure to bacterial endotoxin during pregnancy enhances amphetamine-induced locomotion and startle responses in adult rat offspring

An increased incidence of schizophrenia has been associated with several perinatal insults, most notably maternal infection during pregnancy and perinatal hypoxia. This study used a rat model to directly test if maternal exposure to bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) during pregnancy alters behaviors relevant to schizophrenia, in offspring at adulthood. The study also tested if postnatal anoxia interacted with gestational LPS exposure to affect behavior. At adulthood, offspring from dams administered LPS on days 18 and 19 of pregnancy showed significantly increased amphetamine-induced locomotion, compared to offspring from saline-treated dams. A period of anoxia on postnatal day 7 had no effect on amphetamine-induced locomotion and there was no interaction between effects of gestational LPS and postnatal anoxia on this behavior. Offspring from LPS-treated dams also showed enhanced acoustic startle responses as adults, compared to offspring from saline-treated dams. In offspring tested for pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle and for apomorphine modulation of PPI, no effects of either gestational LPS or of postnatal anoxia and no interactions between LPS and anoxia were observed. It is concluded that maternal LPS exposure during pregnancy in the rat may be a useful model to study mechanisms responsible for effects of maternal infection on behaviors relevant to schizophrenia, in offspring.     

人体胆汁内毒素测定及临床应用

本文探讨应用稀释法消除胆汁中抑制物质对鲎试验内毒素测定的影响。胆汁稀释后,用产色基质法按血浆内毒素定量原理测定,可获得较好结果。测定32例非胆系疾病胆囊胆汁内毒素浓度,平均为6.93±3.43ng/ml,最小一最大值为1.55—21.20ng/ml。     

心脉灵注射液对内毒素休克大鼠海马组织NOS活性的影响

采用尾静脉注射大肠杆菌内毒素复制大鼠内毒素休克模型，检测动物血压、脑系数、海马组织一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性及海马ＣＡ１区形态学改变，探讨心脉灵注射液对内毒素休克大鼠的作用机理。结果显示：与病理组相比，注入心脉灵注射液后１ｈ、６ｈ，动物血压上升，脑系数下降，海马组织ＮＯＳ活性显著增高，海马ＣＡ１区神经元损伤明显减轻，动物无死亡。提示心脉灵注射液能够改善内毒素休克所致的低血压及脑水肿，保护海马ＣＡ１区神经元，增强海马组织ＮＯＳ活性，起到抗内毒素休克的作用。     

清醒大鼠内毒素休克时血浆CGRP浓度及血管对CGRP反应性的改变

清醒大鼠静脉注射内毒素16.7mg/Kg后在血压、心率、血浆葡萄糖、乳酸浓度和肠道损伤等方面表现出典型的内毒素休克改变。在注射内毒素后30分钟与180分钟时血浆中降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的浓度显著增高,而腹主动脉对CGRP的反应性没有改变。血浆CGRP浓度的增高可能对内毒素休克的发生发展过程具有重要影响。     

Defining the Microbiological Quality of Dialysis Fluid

With increasing awareness about the degree and the potential impact of microbiological contamination in dialysis fluids, there is a desire to improve their microbiological quality. To achieve this goal, the origin of the microbiological contamination has to be identified. The water, the bicarbonate concentrate, and the fluid distribution system can be major contributors. Regular disinfection of the entire fluid path is necessary to prevent the formation of biofilm. The bicarbonate concentrate should be handled with special attention because it constitutes an excellent growth medium for microflora that may not be detected with regular assays. With a well maintained reverse osmosis (RO) system, frequent disinfection of the entire flow path, and microbiological awareness, it is possible to produce dialysis fluid that meets the most stringent standard (<10² colony forming units (CFU)/ml and <0.25 IU/ml of endotoxin). Adding a step of ultrafiltration just before the dialyzer can make the dialysis fluid ultrapure (<10⁻¹ CFU/ml and <0.03 IU/ml). One additional step of controlled ultrafiltration provides sterile and pyrogen-free fluids (<10⁻⁶ CFU/ml and <0.03 IU/ml) that can be used for infusion.     

内毒素休克狗心脏腺苷酸环化酶的改变

本实验在高度纯化的心肌肌膜观察到,狗注射内毒素后4小时,心脏基础腺苷酸环化酶及NaF、Gpp(NH)p、isoproterenol刺激的腺苷酸环化酶活性均明显降低。并对其机制进行了讨论。     

异丙酚和异氟醚后处理对内毒素血症大鼠肺泡液体转运功能的影响

目的建立内毒素血症大鼠模型,应用异丙酚和异氟醚,以肺组织湿干重比、肺泡液体清除率、肺水通道1为指标,观察肺泡液体转运功能的变化。方法健康SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组。生理盐水组：尾静脉注射生理盐水;内毒素组、异丙酚组和异氟醚组均静注内毒素。1小时后,异丙酚组泵注异丙酚,异氟醚组持续异氟醚吸入。2小时后取标本,测定肺组织湿干重比、肺泡液体清除率;Westernblot法检测水通道1蛋白。结果各组肺组织湿/干比差异均无统计学意义。异氟醚组肺泡液体清除率（0.054±0.007）较异丙酚组（0.065±0.006）高;异氟醚组水通道1为（0.53±0.06）较异丙酚组（0.60±0.07）高,均有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论与异丙酚相比,异氟醚后处理增加内毒素血症大鼠肺泡液体清除率和水通道1蛋白表达。     

The effect of norepinephrine on endotoxin-mediated macrophage activation

The effect of norepinephrine (NE) on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by rat spleen macrophages was determined. Following activation with lipopolysaccharide, analysis of both secreted and cell-associated samples showed that TNF activity was significantly suppressed in the presence of 10 microM NE. With the addition of the beta-receptor antagonist propranolol a partial reversal of the suppressive effect of NE was noted whereas the addition of the mixed alpha-receptor antagonist phentolamine induced a more pronounced suppressive effect in the supernatant fraction. Similar results were obtained with epinephrine and isoproterenol. Control experiments confirmed that this effect of NE was mediated at the level of macrophage activation. Analysis of lymphocyte activating factors demonstrated a similar pattern of response. Since factors released by macrophages participate in many aspects of the immune response, these results support a functional role for sympathetic innervation of the spleen in immune regulation.