Serum and blister fluid levels of cytokines and chemokines in pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid

Bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus constitute two major autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD) with complicated disease pathomechanisms involving a multitude of cytokines and immunological pathways. The purpose of our literature review of the cytokines and chemokines involved in these AIBDs was to allow for a meta-analysis of studies detailing differential cytokine and chemokine changes in these conditions. Elucidation of inflammatory pathways could lead to more targeted therapies, several of which specific monoclonal antibodies already exist and are used safely for other autoimmune diseases. A systematic review of the Pubmed/Medline database was performed for articles characterizing cytokines/chemokines involved in BP and pemphigus. Further, a meta-analysis was carried out using standardized methods, including assessment for heterogeneity. The results of our analysis demonstrated numerous inflammatory alterations in these AIBDs. Significant alterations included serum levels of IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, CCL-17, and CCL-26 in patients with BP, and increased blister fluids levels of IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, CCL11, and TNF-α. Blister fluid levels of IL-1α are decreased in BP. In pemphigus, we identified significantly increased serum levels of IL-10, IL-17, and CCL17. We have additionally summarized all studies excluded from meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive summary of cytokine/chemokine alterations in these two conditions.     

体外反搏患者移动随访平台的研究

目的：建立一个服务于体外反搏（ECP）患者的移动随访平台。便于医生在反搏治疗过程中及结束后随时随地获取患者反馈的信息。并提供正确的康复指导．预防严重并发症的发生。方法：平台采用浏览器／月艮务器（B／S）与客户端／服务器（C／S）两种工作模式,Web服务器安装与配置互联网信息服务（IIS）与邮件传输协议（SMTP）服务,其应用程序利用Vs开发环境,采用C＋＋语言,基于ASP．NET编写。患者随访资料使用SQLServer设计的数据库存储与管理,心电数据及其测量参数按照医学数字成像和通信（DICOM）标准文件格式进行封装与存储。通过调用DICOM读接口和绘图函数显示于移动终端浏览器上。结果：建立了一个由移动终端、心电工作站与web服务器组成的移动随访平台,通过智能手机等设备,患者可输人随访资料与上传自测心电数据．医生可查阅并使用平台提供的电子邮件发送功能给予患者康复指导。结论：随着移动技术的发展,移动医疗将逐步被医疗界所重视,通过移动设备实现对患者的随访可极大地提高随访效率,是值得探讨的一种新的随访方式。     

支气管哮喘患者血清IL-10、IL-5和ECP的变化及其意义

目的 通过对支气管哮喘患者和正常对照组的血清IL-10, IL-5和 ECP水平的测定以及相互关系的研究,探讨它们在支气管发病中的作用.方法 应用Pharmacia UniCAP系统和ELISA方法分别测定支气管哮喘患者和正常对照组的血清E CP和IL-10、IL-5水平.结果 正常对照组和发作期的支气管哮喘患者的 ECP水平分别为(3.97±2.13) μg/L和(21.76±12.08) μg/L.正常对照组,支气管哮喘ECP 升高组和支气管哮喘ECP正常组的血清IL-5水平分别为(10.90±4.41) pg/mL,(20.62± 15.7 4) pg/mL和(9.24±7.16) pg/mL.正常对照组和支气管哮喘ECP升高组之间IL-5水平有显著差异(P＜0.01),正常对照组和支气管哮喘ECP正常组之间IL-5水平无差异(P＞0.05) ,支气管哮喘ECP正常组和ECP升高组之间IL-5水平有显著差异(P＜0.01),ECP与IL-5 明显相关 ,两者之间的相关系数r=0.465(P＜0.01).正常对照组,支气管哮喘ECP升高组和支气管哮喘ECP正常组的血清IL-10水平分别为(38.28±15.17) pg/mL,(22.76±15.25) pg/mL 和(42.32±14.61) pg/mL,支气管哮喘ECP正常组和ECP升高组之间IL-10水平有显著差异( P＜0. 01).结论 支气管哮喘的发生与嗜酸粒细胞有密切的关系,ECP和IL-5可反映嗜酸粒细胞的活化程度,在支气管哮喘发作时嗜酸粒细胞处于激活状态,易于释放蛋白颗粒;IL-5对嗜酸粒细胞有调控作用.支气管哮喘组的血清IL-10水平较正常对照组低,提示支气管哮喘患者IL-10分泌减少,不能有效抑制炎症或促炎症细胞因子的合成及释放,亦即不能有效抑制炎症反应,可能是导致或加重气道炎症的原因之一.     

支气管哮喘吸入糖皮质激素治疗前后嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白对比分析

目的:探讨支气管哮喘血清嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)与吸入糖皮质激素疗效关系。方法:采用荧光酶标法pharmacia CAP检测系统测定支气管哮喘患者血清ECP及其肺功能FEV1。结果:支气管哮喘舒利迭组与辅舒酮组治疗前后血清ECP值差异非常显著,肺功能显著改善。结论:血清ECP可作为临床观察支气管哮喘疗效指标之一,以指导临床使用吸入糖皮质激素治疗支气管哮喘。     

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy for paediatric patients with graft-versus-host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

This study aimed to ascertain whether extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) is an effective treatment for paediatric patients with refractory graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). From January 1992 to December 2000, 77 children (median age 8.6 years) with either acute (n = 33) or chronic (n = 44) GVHD, resistant to conventional immunosuppressive therapy, were treated with ECP in four Italian paediatric hospitals. After ECP, acute GVHD involving skin, liver and gut responded completely in 76%, 60% and 75% of patients respectively. The 5-year overall survival was 69% for responding patients vs 12% for non-responders (P = 0.001). Among the 44 children with chronic GVHD, 15 (44%) showed a complete response and 10 (29%) a significant improvement after ECP. The 5-year overall survival was 96% for responders vs 58% for non-responders (P = 0.04). Our results suggest that ECP is an effective treatment that may be useful in paediatric patients with either acute or chronic GVHD who have failed to respond to standard immunosuppressive therapy.     

支气管哮喘血清ECP检测的临床应用

目的:检测血清ECP含量并探讨其在支气管哮喘患者中的临床应用价值。方法:使用UniCAPl00型自动酶免疫荧光分析系统测定。结果:正常人ECP含量为(4.76±3.28)μg/L;38例支气管哮喘患者急性发作期:治疗前ECP含量为(23.75±32.50)μg/L,治疗后ECP含量为(8.36±5.27)μg/L,41例缓解期支气管哮喘患者ECP含量为(10.98±4.24)μg/L。哮喘患者急性发作期,缓解期血清ECP水平均高于正常人,统计学差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:血清ECP水平反映气道的炎症程度,并可作为哮喘的诊断,疗效监测和预后判断指标。     

双龙胶囊对实验性哮喘大鼠的作用及其机制初探

目的：通过测定哮喘大鼠肺功能及血清中的炎性指标,观察双龙胶囊对哮喘大鼠的影响并分析其作用机制。方法：用卵蛋白致敏SD大鼠,以抗原攻击后建立哮喘模型,以地塞米松为阳性对照药物,测定肺功能,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定血清中总免疫球蛋白E（T-IgE）、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）水平,并进行比较。结果：中药双龙胶囊可显著升高哮喘大鼠的0.2s呼出容积（FEV0.2）、最大呼出量（PEF）、第0.2s用力呼出容积占用力肺活量百分比（FEV0.2/FVC）,亦可使ECP及T-IgE含量降低（P〈0.05）。结论：双龙胶囊可改善哮喘大鼠肺功能,对抗T-IgE介导的I型变态反应,并可降低ECP的释放,表明双龙胶囊具有治疗哮喘的作用,其作用机制可能与直接扩张支气管、抗变态反应和抗炎性渗出有关。     

Salbutamol pretreatment does not change eosinophil percentage and eosinophilic cationic protein concentration in hypertonic saline-induced sputum in asthmatic subjects

BACKGROUND: Sputum induction by inhalation of hypertonic saline (HS) is usually preceded by beta2-agonist pretreatment, to prevent severe bronchoconstriction. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether salbutamol pretreatment may influence cell counts and concentrations of soluble mediators in induced sputum. METHODS: We studied 22 patients who randomly underwent HS sputum induction after pretreatment with either 200 microg salbutamol or placebo. Sputum was induced by means of HS inhalation (3, 4, 5% NaCl, 10 min each), measuring FEV1 every 5 min until it fell >/= 20% from baseline. Collected sputum was diluted 1 : 1 with 0.1% DTT, incubated at 37 degrees C for 20 min, and total and differential cell counts were measured. ECP and histamine levels were measured in the supernatant. RESULTS: Sputum volume, percentages of inflammatory cells, squamous cell counts and quality of the slides were not different after the two pretreatments, while sputum total inflammatory cells after salbutamol tended to be higher than after placebo (8.3 [1-41] 10(6) vs 6.3[0.2-40] x10(6); P = 0.09). Eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) did not significantly change (260 [8-900] microg/L after salbutamol vs 200 [8-800] microg/L, n = 19), while histamine levels tended to be lower after salbutamol (140.9 [39.9-236.5] nm) than after placebo (190.4 [72. 2-322.6] nm, P = 0.09, n = 17). The airway response to HS inhalation was significantly greater after placebo and the duration of the test was significantly different (median: 15 min after placebo and 30 min after salbutamol). Similar results were obtained when patients who differed for more than 15 min in the duration of HS-inhalation in the two tests were selected (n = 11). CONCLUSION: Salbutamol pretreatment reduces the severity of bronchoconstriction induced by HS inhalation without significantly affecting the percentages of inflammatory cells and the levels of soluble mediators in induced sputum.     

支气管哮喘患者治疗前后ECP和EOS对比分析

匡玉宝黄英河目的探讨支气管哮喘患者治疗前后血清嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）和嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）的变化。方法采用荧光酶标法pharmaciaCAP检测系统测定支气管哮喘患者血清ECP,sysmexXE-2100计数EOS。结果支气管哮喘患者发作期ECP明显高于正常人（P〈0.01）,也显著高于缓解期（P〈0.01）;支气管哮喘患者发作期EOS明显高于正常人（P〈0.01）,而于缓解期相比,差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论血清ECP可作为临床观察支气管哮喘疗效指标之一,以指导临床支气管哮喘的治疗。