The color of touch: A case of tactile–visual synaesthesia

We report a single-case study, EB, who experiences synaesthetic sensations of color from tactile stimulation. Developmental synaesthesia is typically characterized by the consistency of synaesthetic pairings over time, in that stimuli tend to generate the same synaesthetic responses on different occasions. Here we demonstrate that EB's touch–color associations are significantly more consistent over time compared to a group of non-synaesthete controls, but that this comes in the face of surprisingly high consistency among non-synaesthetes themselves, for certain tactile stimuli. We show, too, that EB's touch–color correspondences are guided by an implicit rule system, and that this system is shared by non-synaesthetes. Both synaesthetes and non-synaesthetes are sensitive to tactile qualities such as smoothness and softness, and these qualities are systematically related to the luminance and chroma of associated colors.     

肾综合征出血热患者肾脏超声、血管性血友病因子和肝肾功能的变化及其临床意义

目的 研究肾综合征出血热(HFRS)患者肾脏彩色多普勒超声、血浆血管性血友病因子(vWF)、肝肾功能的变化及临床意义.方法 16例HFRS患者按病情分为轻、重两组,每组各8例,按病期进行肾脏二维及彩色多普勒超声检测,同时采血用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测vWF,用自动生化仪检测血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT),用自动血细胞分析仪检测血小板参数;另取30名健康者作对照.结果 HFRS急性期左肾体积、段动脉(SRA)阻力指数(RI)及血浆vWF均显著升高,ALT、BUN也显著上升,在发热期轻、重二组相比有统计学差异(左肾体积:325.12 ±28.53v368.82 ±24.83,P＜0.05;左肾段动脉RI:0.59±0.02 v 0.66±0.03,P＜0.05;vWF:311.55 ±99.98μg/L v 356.36±54.21μg/L,P＜0.05)与BUN、ALT的变化基本一致,但血小板的变化则正相反.结论 HFRS患者肾损害各期的声像图与其临床病理变化密切相关,超声能动态观察病情各期肾损害的轻重,并能估计HFRS病情轻重,判断HFRS患者的临床治疗效果及其预后.肾脏超声检查具有准确、迅速、方便及无痛苦的优点.     

Perceived color shift of ceramics according to the change of illuminating light with spectroradiometer

PURPOSE

Perceived color of ceramics changes by the spectral power distribution of ambient light. This study aimed to quantify the amount of shifts in color and color coordinates of clinically simulated seven all-ceramics due to the switch of three ambient light sources using a human vision simulating spectroradiometer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

CIE color coordinates, such as L*, a* and b*,of ceramic specimens were measured under three light sources, which simulate the CIE standard illuminant D65 (daylight), A (incandescent lamp), and F9 (fluorescent lamp). Shifts in color and color coordinate by the switch of lights were determined. Influence of the switched light (D65 to A, or D65 to F9), shade of veneer ceramics (A2 or A3), and brand of ceramics on the shifts was analyzed by a three-way ANOVA.

RESULTS

Shifts in color and color coordinates were influenced by three factors (P<.05). Color shifts by the switch to A were in the range of 5.9 to 7.7 ΔE*_abunits, and those by the switch to F9 were 7.7 to 10.2; all of which were unacceptable (ΔE*_ab > 5.5). When switched to A, CIE a* increased (Δa*: 5.6 to 7.6), however, CIE b* increased (Δb*: 4.9 to 7.8) when switched to F9.

CONCLUSION

Clinically simulated ceramics demonstrated clinically unacceptable color shifts according to the switches in ambient lights based on spectroradiometric readings. Therefore, shade matching and compatibility evaluation should be performed considering ambient lighting conditions and should be done under most relevant lighting condition.     

彩色多普勒血流会聚法对室间隔缺损分流程度的评估研究

本文应用彩色多普勒血流会聚法对２３例单纯室间隔缺损患者的分流程度进行评估，结果表明血流会聚法所测分而率Ｆ与频谱多普勒法所测的每搏分流量Ｑｐ－Ｑｓ及肺体循环血流量之比Ｑｐ／Ｑｓ之间均有极好的相关性（ｒ分别为０．９９和０．８７，Ｐ＜０．００１）。血流会聚区的简化指标ＮＬ×Ｒ及ＮＬ×Ｓ与Ｑｐ－Ｑｓ（ｒ＝０，９０～０．７３，Ｐ＜０．００１）及Ｑｐ／Ｑｓ（ｒ＝０．９３～０．８８，Ｐ＜０．００１）之间的相关性均很好。彩色多普勒血流会聚法能够快速、准确、无创地评估室间隔缺损的分流程度，其简化指标可以简便地对室间隔缺损的分流程度进行评估。     

视网膜中央静脉血流彩色多普勒检测

本文应用彩色多普勒血流显像（ＣＤＦＩ）对１０５例正常人２１０只眼的视网膜中央静脉（ＣＲＶ）各项血流参数进行检测。结果：各血流参数与年龄之间无密切相关性Ｐ＞０．０５，性别及眼别之间亦无显著性差异Ｐ＞０．０５，描述了正常ＣＲＶ彩色血流及血流频谱特点。ＣＲＶ血流频谱形态随视网膜中央动脉（ＣＲＡ）呈搏动性、周期性变化。认为该血管的解剖特点决定了其血流动力主要来源于ＣＲＡ血流驱使力或搏动，其它因素影响不大。这是研究ＣＲＶ血流动力学的有利条件。提出了各项指标的正常值范围。     

冠脉血流显像对照SPECT对心肌缺血冠脉储备功能的临床研究

目的 探讨经胸冠脉血流显像技术冠脉储备的测定诊断心肌缺血的可行性及临床价值。方法 ６１名受试者均经ＥＣＴ静态心肌和运动心肌检查,依ＥＣＴ结果分为三组：Ａ组２４例,ＥＣＴ静态心肌和运动心肌均正常;Ｂ组１９例,静态心肌正常,运动心肌缺血;Ｃ组１８例,静态心肌和运动心肌均缺血。     

彩色多普勒血流会聚法定量评估二尖瓣返流严重程度的研究

彩色多普勒血流会聚区（ＦＣＲ）法是近几年发展起来的一定量二尖瓣返流的新方法。本文应用该方法，对５５例显示血流会聚区的二尖瓣返流患者行ＦＣＲ法与返流束面积法（ＳＲ）、返流束面积与左房面积之比法（ＳＲ／ＳＬＡ）相比较，相关系数分别为０．８２２及０．７３２（Ｐ值均小于０．０１），并应用ＦＣＲ法定量测定二尖瓣返流率。按不同的返流率将二尖瓣返流分为轻、中、重三度。本文认为血流会聚法为定量评估二尖瓣返流（特别是中至重度返流）一较为理想的无创性方法，具有广泛的理论研究及临床应用前景。     

股动脉粥样硬化的彩色多普勒超声研究

目的：应用彩色多普勒超声研究不同程度的股动脉粥样硬化的超声表现。方法：测量股动脉血管后壁内膜中层复合体厚度（IMT）、收缩期峰值速度、加速度时间和频谱形态，来估测股动脉粥样硬化损伤的程度。结果：当内膜中层复合体厚度＞1mm，收缩期峰值速度＜0．55mm/s、股动脉三峡形态消失（单峰或双峰），即表明股动脉受损或远端动脉受损。受损的程度可以通过上述三个指标改变来评估。结论：通过超声测值及频谱形态变化，可以准确的估测股动脉及远端动脉的损伤程度。     

64排螺旋CT与选择性冠状动脉造影评价急性冠状动脉综合征患者易损斑块形态、成分及大小的价值对比研究

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT评价急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者易损斑块形态、成分及大小的价值.方法 65例冠心病患者(其中ACS组32例,稳定性心绞痛组33例)行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像及选择性冠状动脉造影.对ACS组及稳定性心绞痛组的管腔狭窄程度、斑块最低密度值、钙化形态(点状钙化或大钙化)及斑块大小进行评价.计算64排MDCT对ACS易损斑块诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值.采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行ACS组与SAP两组之间特征的差异描述和分析,定性变量用卡方检验,定量变量采用两独立样本t检验,P ＜0.05为差异有显著性.结果 两组之间管腔的狭窄程度无差别.ACS组斑块的最低密度CT值[(39±78)HU]低于稳定性心绞痛组斑块的最低密度CT值[(103±114)HU],两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,t=0.315).斑块的总体积两组比较无差异,软斑块体积比例＞40％的例数,ACS组较稳定性心绞痛组大,差异不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05).点状钙化在ACS组更频繁而稳定性心绞痛组大钙化更为常见,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01,t=0.221).斑块最小密度CT值＜35 HU的比例在ACS组较SAP组更频繁(P＜0.01,t=0.161).同时存在点状钙化及斑块最小CT值＜35 HU这两个特征对ACS诊断显示很高的阳性预测值,而缺少这两个特征阴性预测值很高.结论 ACS易损斑块CT特征包括:斑块低密度、点状钙化、软斑块体积所占比例较大的特点.冠状动脉粥样斑块同时具有CT值＜35 HU、点状钙化特征高度提示斑块的易损性.