重组人N末端脂多糖结合蛋白对脂多糖致伤小鼠保护作用的初步研究

目的　初步观察重组人N末端脂多糖结合蛋白 (tLBP)对细菌脂多糖 (LPS)致伤小鼠的保护效应。　方法　选用雄性昆明小鼠 70只 ,随机分为致伤组 1(2 1只 ) :腹腔内注射LPS 10 0ng;保护组 1(2 1只 ) :腹腔内注射 10 0ngLPS 40mgtLBP;对照组 (8只 ) :腹腔内注射等渗盐水。于注射后15、30min及 1、3、6、12、2 4h测定 3组动物血清丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)的含量 ,并观察其肝、肺组织的病理学改变。另设致伤组 2及保护组 2各 10只 ,分别腹腔内注射LPS 4 0 0ng及4 0 0ngLPS 40mgtLBP,观察伤后 2 4h内动物的死亡数。　结果　保护组 1与致伤组 1血清ALT含量分别于伤后 12、6h到达峰值 ,各为 (41.0 0± 4 .5 8)、(99.5 0± 6 2 .6 3)U L,前者的升高幅度显著低于后者 (P <0.0 1);两组血清TNF α含量均于伤后 3h到达峰值 ,各为 (35 .96± 7.33)、(42 .4 9± 4 .79)fmol ml,保护组 1的升高幅度低于致伤组 1。与致伤组 1比较 ,保护组 1肝细胞变性程度明显减轻 ,未见肝细胞散在坏死病变 ;肺组织充血有不同程度减轻 ,肺泡腔内、支气管内炎性渗出明显减弱。致伤组2伤后 2 4h死亡 9只 ,保护组 2死亡 3只。　结论　初步认为重组人tLBP具有一定的生物学活性 ,对LPS致伤小鼠具有一定保护作用。     

Comparison of CRM197, diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid as protein carriers for meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccines

Glycoconjugate vaccines are among the most effective and safest vaccines ever developed. Diphtheria toxoid (DT), tetanus toxoid (TT) and CRM₁₉₇ have been mostly used as protein carriers in licensed vaccines. We evaluated the immunogenicity of serogroup A, C, W-135 and Y meningococcal oligosaccharides conjugated to CRM₁₉₇, DT and TT in naïve mice. The three carriers were equally efficient in inducing an immune response against the carbohydrate moiety in immunologically naïve mice. The effect of previous exposure to different dosages of the carrier protein on the anti-carbohydrate response was studied using serogroup A meningococcal (MenA) saccharide conjugates as a model. CRM₁₉₇ showed a strong propensity to positively prime the anti-carbohydrate response elicited by its conjugates or those with the antigenically related carrier DT. Conversely in any of the tested conditions TT priming did not result in enhancement of the anti-carbohydrate response elicited by the corresponding conjugates. Repeated exposure of mice to TT or to CRM₁₉₇ before immunization with the respective MenA conjugates resulted in a drastic suppression of the anti-carbohydrate response in the case of TT conjugate and only in a slight reduction in the case of CRM₁₉₇. The effect of carrier priming on the anti-MenA response of DT-based conjugates varied depending on their carbohydrate to protein ratio. These data may have implications for human vaccination since conjugate vaccines are widely used in individuals previously immunized with DT and TT carrier proteins.     

Hb A2-Manzanares Or α2δ2 121(Gh4) Glu→Val,An Unstable δ Chain Variant Observed in a Spanish Family

A slowly moving variant of Hb A₂ was present in a 25-year-old Spanish woman and her mother, and was found to have a Glu→Val substitution at position 121 of the δ chain. The variant was unstable and precipitated gradually during anion exchange chromatography. The effect of this substitution on the stability of the protein is apparently more severe for Hb A₂ than for Hb A because Hb Beograd (β121 Glu→Val) has normal physicochemical properties.     

复发性NGU患者及UU／Mh正常携带者焦虑抑郁情绪调查分析

目的了解复发性尿道（阴道）炎（NGU）患者及正常携带焦虑抑郁情绪的发生情况。方法以200例慢性NGU患者为试验A组，以200例同期就诊的UU／Mh正常携带者为试验B组。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）分别对两组进行测评分析，测量病人的焦虑值50分以上为焦虑状态，测量病人的抑郁值》53分以上为抑郁状态。结果①试验A组焦虑情绪发生率为55．5％（111／200），试验B组焦虑情绪发生率为54．5％（109／200）；②用SDS量表测定试验A组的抑郁绪发生率为53．5％（107／200），试验B组抑郁情绪的发生率为50．5％（101／200）。结论复发性NGU患者及UU／Mh正常携带者都存在着明显的心理差异，焦虑和抑郁情绪的表现都很突出。在诊疗过程中既要对患者进行有效的药物治疗，又应积极发现其焦虑抑郁情绪等心理症状，加强相应的心理治疗。特别是针对UU／Mh正常携带者，临床医生对其下性病的诊断的时候要慎重，以免给患者造成不必要的心理疾病。     

载体蛋白研究进展

现代生物技术的飞速发展,使传统的疫苗生产方式发生了根本的变化.疫苗研究领域变得异常活跃,从而使新型载体蛋白不断被发现,其作用机制得到全面研究.寻找安全、有效的载体蛋白是目前疫苗领域的课题之一.近年来的初步研究结果为载体蛋白的应用展现了广阔的前景.此文阐述了载体蛋白的作用机制和几种常用的载体蛋白.     

Carrier detection in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy by determination of very long chain fatty acid levels and by linkage analysis

Diagnosis of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is based upon demonstration of high levels of very long chain fatty acids. More recently, in addition to biochemical analysis, closely linked DNA probe St14 has been used for prenatal diagnosis in informative families. Identification of heterozygotes is particularly important, both in order to specifically address only carrier females to prenatal diagnosis, and because appropriate dietary therapy is now available to treat those heterozygotes presenting with neurological symptoms. We report two pedigrees in which carrier detection was performed by a combination of biochemical and molecular genetic analysis. Such approach should allow extremely high accuracy in carrier detection.     

基因-病毒载体的研制及其抗肿瘤作用的初步研究

目的：研究一种结合肿瘤基因治疗与病毒治疗优势的新型肿瘤治疗载体系统,即基因－病毒载体系统。方法：利用病毒重组技术将抗癌基因插入肿瘤细胞特异性的增殖病毒的病毒基因组中,通过细胞病理作用、荧光显微镜、免疫酶链技术及电镜等技术分别观察病毒的杀伤效应、报告基因绿色荧光蛋白、抗癌基因小鼠白细胞介素12表达量及病毒复制情况。结果构建了一种新型基因－病毒载体系统,该载体系统腺病毒E1b55000蛋白缺失,保留了腺病毒E1a蛋白。该载体系统具有肿瘤增殖病毒ONYX－015的相似功能,即它可在肿瘤细胞内复制及增殖,而在正常细胞内不能复制及增殖,从而特异性杀灭肿瘤细胞。该载体系统还可携带各种抗癌基因以进一步提高抗肿瘤的疗效。应该该载体系统携带该报告基因荧光蛋白可使绿色荧光蛋白在肿瘤细胞内高效表达,其表达量明显高于传统基因治疗的腺病毒载体系,而在正常细胞内低表达,表达量与传统腺病毒载体系统相似或更低。应用该载体系统携带抗癌基因小鼠白细胞介素12,也产生类似结果。电镜也证实该载体系统携带抗肿瘤基因小鼠白细胞介素12可在肿瘤细胞株中复制及增殖。结论：基因－病毒载体将抗癌基因插入肿瘤增殖病毒基因组,可数百倍乃至上万部提高抗癌基因的表达量,进一步提高抗肿瘤的疗效。     

Rodents and Leptospira transmission risk in Terceira island (Azores)

The role of rodents as Leptospira renal carriers in Terceira island was evaluated (1993–1995) through kidney culture and serology [microscopic aglutination test (MAT)] of 94 mice and rats. Fifty-nine animals were positive (n = 41 by serology + culturing; n = 11 serology; n = 7 culturing), presenting a wide distribution in man-made and natural areas. House mice had the highest bacteriological (82.9%) and serological (90.9%) rates, being strictly related to serovar arborea. Black rats were involved in the dispersion of all isolated L. interrogans sensu lato serovars (arborea,copenhageni and icterohaemorrhagiae). Logistic regression analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling, relating Leptospira infection with biological and environmental variables, expressed that adult males Mus domesticus, sexually active and living in humid biotopes, mainly above 500 m, are the most likely reservoirs. This study emphasizes the role of house-mice in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Terceira and the need of reducing the risk of Leptospira transmission through integrated control programmes, primarily focusing on adult house-mice in peri-domestic environments, before the breeding season.