不同载体对氢氧化钙根管封药的疗效影响

目的　比较生理盐水、甘油、樟脑对氯苯酚 (CMCP) 甘油三载体对氢氧化钙根管封药疗效的影响。方法　选择无瘘型慢性根尖周炎患牙共 1 80颗 ,随机分成生理盐水组、甘油组、CMCP 甘油组三组 ,观察根管封药 7天后的临床疗效。结果　氢氧化钙 CMCP 甘油组明显优于生理盐水组和甘油组 (P <0 .0 5) ,生理盐水组和甘油组之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论　在三种载体中 ,氢氧化钙 CMCP 甘油糊剂可看作最有效的根管封药。     

注射型原位凝胶植入剂的研究进展

综述以聚乳酸，聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物（PLA/PLGA）、醋酸-异丁酸蔗糖酯（SAIB）、有机凝胶和PLA／PLGA与PEG的三嵌段共聚物为载体的注射型原位凝胶植入剂的研究进展，包括其特性、释药机制、制备和应用。这种新型给药系统已成为近年来非胃肠给药研究的热点之一。     

四妙散加味方对人肾小管上皮细胞UAT和URAT1基因表达的影响

目的：观察低、高剂量四妙散加味方（SMSJWF）是否调节人肾小管上皮细胞（HK-2细胞）尿酸盐转运子（hUAT）mRNA和有机阴离子转运体（hURAT1）mRNA的表达。方法：根据培养液中所含四妙散加味方剂量的不同,将HK-2细胞分为：DMEM/F-12＋6 mL/2 kg四妙散加味方低剂量组;DMEM/F-12＋12 mL/2 kg四妙散加味方高剂量组;DMEM/F-12＋苯溴马隆4.8 mg/d阳性对照组;仅使用DMEM/F-12＋空白血清对照组。四组细胞分别培养48 h,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测HK-2细胞中hUATmRNA、hURAT1 mRNA的相对表达量（2△△Ct法）。结果：所有标本均能检测到hUAT mRNA和hURAT1 mRNA的表达。低、高剂量组和阳性对照组hUAT mRNA表达水平均明显高于空白对照组（P〈0.05）;低剂量和阳性对照组的hURAT1 mRNA的表达明显低于空白对照组（P〈0.05）,而高剂量组hURAT1 mRNA的表达明显高于其他各组（P〈0.05）。结论：低、高剂量四妙散加味方可上调hUAT mRNA表达;低剂量四妙散加味方与苯溴马隆均可下调hURAT1mRNA的表达,这可能是其降尿酸的作用机制之一。     

多项指标联合检测在成人心脏手术后急性肾损伤早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨尿中肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys-C)联合检测在成人心脏手术后急性肾损伤(AKI)早期诊断中的价值。方法选择2010年1月至2011年12月西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院心脏手术患者1 160例,将其中发生AKI的30例患者作为实验组,并选择临床资料相匹配的未发生AKI的30例患者作为对照组。收集两组患者术前及术后多时间点的血、尿标本,观察两组患者血清肌酐(Scr)和尿Cys-C、KIM-1、NGAL、IL-18的动态变化,运用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)分析评价4项指标联合检测对AKI的诊断效能。结果 (1)术后72 h内两组患者血清Scr值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)与对照组比较,实验组患者尿KIM-1术后6 h升高,24 h达峰值;NGAL术后2 h升高,6 h达峰值,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);尿Cys术后6 h升高,24 h达峰值;尿IL-18变化曲线与尿KIM-1相似。(3)各指标峰值ROC曲线分析以KIM-1的AUC值最高。(4)判别分析表明24 h时4项指标联合检测对AKI的总判对率为90.0%。结论尿KIM-1、NGAL、IL-18和Cys-C联合检测能够在24 h内诊断AKI。     

极低密度脂蛋白对HK-2细胞hUAT基因表达的影响

 目的 观察不同浓度极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）是否调节肾小管上皮细胞（HK-2细胞）人尿酸盐转运子（hUAT）mRNA的表达。方法 根据培养液中所含VLDL浓度的不同，将HK-2细胞分为：①仅使用DMEM/F-12组（对照组）；②DMEM/F-12+ 50 μg/ml VLDL组（V1组）；③DMEM/F-12+100 μg/ml VLDL组（V2组）；④DMEM/F-12+200 μg/ml VLDL组（V3组）；⑤DMEM/F-12+400 μg/ml VLDL组（V4组）。每组均培养 6瓶细胞。上述细胞在不同培养液中分别培养48 h。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测HK-2细胞中hUAT mRNA的相对表达量（2^ΔΔCt法）。结果 所有标本均能检测到hUAT mRNA的表达，但V1～V4组hUAT mRNA表达水平均明显低于对照组，其中，VLDL最低浓度（50 μg/ml）组hUAT mRNA表达水平为对照组的64%，VLDL最高浓度（400 μg/ml）组hUAT mRNA表达水平仅为对照组的24%。结论 VLDL下调hUAT mRNA表达，VLDL的这种作用可能与脂代谢紊乱易合并高尿酸血症有关。     

Carrier priming effect of CRM197 is related to an enhanced B and T cell activation in meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccination. Immunological comparison between CRM197 and diphtheria toxoid

Glycoconjugate vaccines are composed of capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of a pathogenic bacteria covalently linked to carrier proteins. Pre-exposure to the carrier is known to influence the efficacy of the glycoconjugate, by inducing enhanced or suppressed anti-CPS response. Following our previous work on the immunogenicity of diphtheria toxin mutant CRM₁₉₇ and formaldehyde-treated diphtheria toxoid (DT) as carriers for meningococcal A (MenA) conjugates in mouse model, we further investigated the role of the carrier on the immunological response to glycoconjugate vaccines. We previously showed that high dosage DT priming could result in carrier-induced epitopic suppression (CIES), an event that did not occur for CRM₁₉₇ priming, and we observed that anti-DT IgGs could cross-react with DT based conjugates in vitro. Here, we confirmed the cross-reactivity of anti-carrier IgGs with DT conjugates in vivo. Furthermore, we analyzed the splenocytes of animals primed with the carrier and subsequently immunized with the MenA conjugate. Pre-exposure to the carrier protein, both CRM₁₉₇ and DT, resulted in increased carrier-specific plasma and memory B cell response. However, only for CRM₁₉₇ priming an enhanced carbohydrate-specific plasma cell response was observed. Analysis of circulating IgGs confirmed these observations. Memory to the CPS resulted to be non-influenced by carrier priming. Analysis of T helper response showed an enhancement effect for CRM₁₉₇ priming, while DT priming resulted in constrained T cell activation. Stimulation with CRM₁₉₇, which does not require formaldehyde detoxification, of splenocytes from animal immunized with DT suggested that the formaldehyde treatment used to produce DT might be the cause of limited presentation of the antigen to the T cells. We concluded that the dominant carrier-specific B cell response in case of limited T cell recruitment might explain the previously observed CIES phenomenon in case of DT priming.     

Benign breast disease increases breast cancer risk independent of underlying familial risk profile: Findings from a Prospective Family Study Cohort

Benign breast disease (BBD) is an established breast cancer (BC) risk factor, but it is unclear whether the magnitude of the association applies to women at familial or genetic risk. This information is needed to improve BC risk assessment in clinical settings. Using the Prospective Family Study Cohort, we used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of BBD with BC risk. We also examined whether the association with BBD differed by underlying familial risk profile (FRP), calculated using absolute risk estimates from the Breast Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA) model. During 176,756 person-years of follow-up (median: 10.9 years, maximum: 23.7) of 17,154 women unaffected with BC at baseline, we observed 968 incident cases of BC. A total of 4,704 (27%) women reported a history of BBD diagnosis at baseline. A history of BBD was associated with a greater risk of BC: HR = 1.31 (95% CI: 1.14–1.50), and did not differ by underlying FRP, with HRs of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.11–1.65), 1.26 (95% CI: 1.00–1.60), and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.01–1.93), for categories of full-lifetime BOADICEA score <20%, 20 to <35%, ≥35%, respectively. There was no difference in the association for women with BRCA1 mutations (HR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.04–2.58), women with BRCA2 mutations (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.78–2.3) or for women without a known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.13–1.53) (p_interaction = 0.95). Women with a history of BBD have an increased risk of BC that is independent of, and multiplies, their underlying familial and genetic risk.     

Phage Particles as Vaccine Delivery Vehicles: Concepts,Applications and Prospects

The development of new strategies for vaccine delivery for generating protective and long-lasting immune responses has become an expanding field of research. In the last years, it has been recognized that bacteriophages have several potential applications in the biotechnology and medical fields because of their intrinsic advantages, such as ease of manipulation and large-scale production. Over the past two decades, bacteriophages have gained special attention as vehicles for protein/peptide or DNA vaccine delivery. In fact, whole phage particles are used as vaccine delivery vehicles to achieve the aim of enhanced immunization. In this strategy, the carried vaccine is protected from environmental damage by phage particles. In this review, phage-based vaccine categories and their development are presented in detail, with discussion of the potential of phage-based vaccines for protection against microbial diseases and cancer treatment. Also reviewed are some recent advances in the field of phagebased vaccines.     

血友病A家系ST14位点多态性检测及分析

目的探讨提高血友病A患者及家系成员的基因诊断及携带者检出诊断率的途径。方法对3个血友病A家系17例进行ST14可变数目串联重复序列多态位点检测。结果 ST14位点等位基因片段介于700～1700bp,以700bp最多,占39%,杂合率为88%。2个血友病A家系可以用该位点提供诊断信息。结论 ST14多态位点用于血友病A携带者检测是一个特异性高、信息量大的分子诊断标志。