Changes in the basal ganglia and thalamus following reperfusion after complete cerebral ischaemia

We report specific changes bilaterally in the basal ganglia and thalamus following reperfusion after complete cerebral ischaemia. A 69-year-old man, resuscitated after cardiac arrest, showed symmetrical lowdensity lesions in the head of the caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus on CT. MRI revealed methaemoglobin derived from minor haemorrhage in the basal ganglia and thalamus, not evident on CT. We suggest that this haemorrhage results from diapedesis of red blood cells through the damaged capillary endothelium following reperfusion.     

Unique variant of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection with intact atrial septum

Summary Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVCs) are rare in association with an intact atrial septum. However, the diagnosis should be considered in patients with otherwise unexplained findings of left-to-right shunt and right heart enlargement. An unusual variant is presented, which we considered unsuitable for operative repair, based on findings at catheterization. Developmental, hemodynamic, and surgical considerations are discussed.     

8～12岁单纯性肥胖儿童心功能研究

利用多导生理仪，同步记录心电图、心音图、颈动脉搏动图和心阻抗微分图，测试８～１２岁肥胖儿童９４名，对照组儿童７６名，分析比较有关心功能数据。结果显示肥胖儿童收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、左室射血时间和心搏出量高于对照组儿童，心输出量与对照组比较差异无显著性，心功能指数低于对照组儿童。提示肥胖儿童由于回心血量增加，血压增高，而使心脏前、后负荷加重，心肌收缩力代偿性增强，单位体表面积心输出量下降，部分心功能指标已受到影响。     

不稳定性心绞痛患者肌钙蛋白I及C反应蛋白的临床意义

【目的】探讨不稳定性心绞痛 (UA)病变程度及其预后与血浆肌钙蛋白I (cTnI)及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的关系。【方法】测定 5 8例经选择性冠状动脉造影证实为冠心病的患者血浆cTnI及CRP浓度 ,并与对照组 (健康者 5 0例 )相比较 ,分析cTnI及CRP的临床意义。【结果】①血浆cTnI及CRP浓度在对照组、稳定性心绞痛组 (SA)、UA组分别为 :(0 4 2± 0 0 6 ) μg/L ,(2 2 93± 10 8) μg/L ;(0 5 9± 0 13) μg/L ,(5 2 16± 32 8) μg/L ;(1 92± 0 5 8) μg/L ,(13811± 86 1) μg/L ;SA组及UA组明显高于对照组 (分别为P <0 0 5 ,P<0 0 1)。②观察 4w ,在UA组心脏事件发生率为 35 5 % ,明显高于SA组 (P <0 0 5 )。③cTnI与CRP具有一定相关性 (r =0 5 1,P <0 0 5 )。【结论】血浆cTnI及CRP水平在临床评价UA病情程度及预后方面具有一定的指导意义     

空肠间置预防返流性食管炎的临床研究

目的 了解近端胃切除或全胃切除后间置空肠的消化道重建术，预防术后返流性食管炎的情况。方法 1995—2000年共收治30例贲门癌患者，对Henley消化道重建术式作了技术改进，将代胃的空肠长度增加至40cm以上，术后行食管胃肠造形，胃镜检查，取组织活检及返流液的pH测定。结果 改良的Henley术式符合正常的生理通道，操作简便易行，并发症少，术后生活质量好。结论 空肠间置术做为贲门癌切除(全胃切除或近端胃切除)消化道重建术式，可有效预防返流性食管炎的发生。     

Rhabdomyoma of the heart with intrapericardial expansion

A rare case of a rhabdomyoma originating from the surface of the right atrium in a 20-year-old female is reported. The tumor showed electrical activity and caused both outflow obstruction and tamponade symptoms. It was successfully removed by a right-sided thoracotomy. The clinical course, diagnostic investigations, and the therapeutical approach of this rare lesion are discussed.     

解耦联蛋白在心肌中的表达与心力衰竭

位于心肌线粒体内膜上的解耦联蛋白 (UCPs) ,作为质子通道驱散氧化呼吸时形成的H 梯度 ,使产能转化为产热 ,从而增加呼吸 ,阻止ATP形成 ,并抑制活性氧族的产生 ,最终阻止了心肌细胞的程序性死亡。脂肪酸、寒冷、甲状腺激素、肾上腺素等能调控UCPs的浓度和活性。UCPs在心力衰竭中的作用仍然不清楚 ,有待进一步研究     

Paediatric cardiac arrest and resuscitation provided by physician-staffed emergency care units

Background: Most paediatric cardiac arrest studies have been conducted in the USA, where paramedics provide prehospital emergency care. We wanted to study the outcome of paediatric cardiac arrest patients in an emergency medical system which is based on physician staffed emergency care units.
Methods: We analysed retrospectively the files of 100 prehospital cardiac arrest patients from Southern Finland during a 10-year study period. The patients were less than 16 years of age.
Results: Fifty patients were declared dead on the scene (DOS) without attempted resuscitation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated in 50 patients. The sudden infant death syndrome was the most common cause of arrest in the DOS patients (68%) as well as in those receiving CPR (36%). Asystole was the initial cardiac rhythm in 70% of the patients in whom CPR was attempted. Resuscitation was successful in 13 patients, 8 of whom were ultimately discharged. Six of the patients survived with mild or no disability and 4 of them had near-drowning aetiology. In multivariate analysis, the short duration of CPR (≤15 min) was the only factor significantly associated with better survival.
Conclusions: Although prehospital care was provided by physicians, the overall rate of survival was found to be equally poor as reported from systems with paramedics. The only major difference between physician- and paramedic-staffed emergency care units is the ability of physicians to refrain from resuscitation already on the scene when prognosis is poor.     

Relation Between Cycle Length, Volume, and Pressure in Type I Atrial Flutter

Assuming that type I atrial flutter is a macroreentrant circuit, its cycle length should vary with the atrial dimensions. In order to test this hypothesis, flutter cycle length was measured while inducing atrial volume and pressure changes by postural and pharmacological means in seven patients undergoing a therapeutic programmed stimulation for type 1 atrial flutter conversion. Right atrial volume was estimated from B-mode echocardiography data. Basal values were compared with those obtained during inspiration, expiration, Valsalva maneuver, negative tilt (head down), and positive tilt (head up) with 0.8–1.6 mg p.o. nitroglycerin. The right atrial size increased slightly from 17.8 to 18.3 cm² (P = 0.04) during the pressure load induced by negative tilt (+ 3 mmHg), with a corresponding lengthening of the flutter cycle length from 228 to 233 msec (P = 0.02). Similarly, pressure unloading of -2 mmHg by positive tilting and nitrates was accompanied by a decrease in right atrial size to 16.6 cm² (P = 0.04), with a corresponding decrease in cycle length from 228 to 219 msec (P = 0.03). Respiratory maneuver yielded similar results with an inspiratory cycle lengthening, expiratory shortening, and further shortening during Valsalva maneuver. These experiments demonstrate a direct relation between cycle length and atrial volume in human type I atrial flutter. They underline the importance of the right heart preload and atrial size for the electrophysiological characteristics of type I atrial flutter. Beside its fundamental interest, this finding is important for the understanding of the mechanism of maintenance and therapeutic responses of this common arrhythmia.