改良 Devine 术治疗儿童隐匿性阴茎治疗体会

目的：探讨采用改良 Devine 术治疗儿童隐匿性阴茎（CP）的临床效果及应用价值。方法：采用改良 Devine 术对46例CP 患儿进行矫治。结果：本组患儿的平均手术时间40.3±1.7min,术后平均阴茎长度较术前明显延长,手术有效率达100%,术后随访7～26个月,所有患儿的阴茎显露均明显改善,外观满意。结论：改良 Devine 术是治疗儿童 CP 的较佳手术方式,较好地克服传统 Devine 术式的缺陷,具有手术操作简单、安全,创伤小,并发症少,效果显著等特点。     

微型无线收发器在中央监护系统中的应用

中央监护系统能够实现对病人的生理或生化参数连续、长时间、自动、实时监测，并经分析、处理后实现多类别自动报警、自动记录及对诊断结果进行综合判断等。传统的多参数生理监护系统主要是通过各种专用电缆来实现网络化，在增加产品成本的同时也加大了施工的难度。本文在分析了无线收发芯片XE1201的工作原理基础上，重点介绍了应用其开发无线收发模块的原理和方法，并利用此模块构建了无线中央监护系统，继而对整个系统的性能进行了测试。该系统已在实验室中实现，并对心电(ECG)、无创血压、血氧饱和度(SPO2)等多生理参数进行实时监护，将信息提供给医院内的网络，以供访问使用。     

姜黄素降低Ⅲ型CP/CPPS模型鼠炎性反应因子的表达

目的研究姜黄素对Ⅲ型慢性前列腺炎/慢性骨盆疼痛综合征(CP/CPPS)模型鼠炎性反应因子表达的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham)、CP/CPPS模型组(model)、姜黄素50及100 mg治疗组(cur-50 mg,cur-100 mg)和p38抑制剂组(SB203580),连续腹腔给药12 d后,real-time PCR检测前列腺组织中TNF-α、p38、COX-2的mRNA表达;免疫组化检测TNF-α,COX-2的蛋白表达;Western blot检测p38、p-p38和NF-κB蛋白的表达。结果 CP/CPPS模型组的NF-κB、p-p38、TNF-α和COX-2蛋白,TNF-α、COX-2和p38的mRNA表达较假手术组升高(P0.01);cur-100 mg组和SB203580组可显著缓解模型组的变化(P0.01);cur-100 mg组中的COX-2蛋白和mRNA均比SB203580组明显下降(P0.05);相较模型组,姜黄素2个组、SB203580组p-p38与NF-κB的表达呈正相关(P0.01)。结论姜黄素能够降低CP/CPPS模型鼠NF-κB、TNF-α和COX-2及p-p38等炎性反应因子的表达。     

Nasal immunization of mice with Cryptosporidium parvum DNA induces systemic and intestinal immune responses

DNA immunization offers a novel approach to inducing humoral and cellular immunity against infectious pathogens. We examined whether such an approach could be used against cryptosporiodiosis, an intestinal disease caused by the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. This infection is a major problem for young ruminants and immunosuppressed individuals in whom cryptosporidiosis causes life-threatening symptoms. The life cycle of C. parvum takes place in the enterocytes of the intestinal epithelium. We therefore focused our attention on a route of immunization that might induce a mucosal immunoglobulin (Ig)A response. Eight-week-old BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with DNA encoding a 15-kDa C. parvum sporozoite antigen (CP15-DNA) cloned onto the plasmid pcDNA3. CP15-DNA-immunized mice developed specific and longlasting production of anti-CP15 Ig A in intestinal secretions and specific IgG in sera 3 months and 1 year after the first DNA inoculation. CP15-DNA-immunized mice also developed an antigen-specific T lymphocyte proliferative response in both spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Control mice that received the pcDNA3 plasmid alone did not develop specific humoral and cellular responses. These results indicate that plasmid DNA may provide a powerful means of eliciting intestinal humoral and cellular responses to C. parvum infections in mammals.     

0.7毫米微创自内障手术改良法的临床学习效果观察

目的观察初学者学习0．7毫米微创白内障手术改良法的临床效果。方法随机选取门诊和住院白内障患者50人,由初学者在老师指导下应用0．7毫米微创白内障手术改良法施行手术。研究内容包括手术时间,术中灌注液应用量,术中并发症等。结果手术时间随着学习的进程总体呈下降趋势,从开始10例平均时间61分22秒下降到第5个10例的18分54秒。特别是30例后下降明显。共7例9次并发症发生。第4例出现后囊破裂,未行玻璃体切割的情况下成功植入人工晶状体于睫状沟内。前10例中共有2例,第2和4个10例中各1例术中角膜上皮水肿。另外还有1例发生后弹力层撕裂,两例切口撕裂,1例结膜水肿。结论经过短期的0．7毫米微创白内障手术改良法训练,初学者可从传统同轴超声乳化安全转换至0．7毫米微创白内障手术。     

S-methylation of captopril. Demonstration of captopril thiol methyltransferase activity in human erythrocytes and enzyme distribution in rat tissues

The presence of a methyltransferase enzyme in human red blood cells (RBCs) capable of S-methylation of captopril is described. The apparent Michaelis-Menten (Km) constant for captopril was 0.5 mM and the maximum velocity (Vmax) was 0.391 pmoles S-methylcaptopril (mg protein)-1 min-1. There is some evidence presented to show that S-methylcaptopril inhibited its own formation with a ki value of 5.81 mM. Captopril thiol methyltransferase activity was also examined in rat tissues and was found to be present in all tissue studied. Subcellular localisation studies in rat liver suggest that the enzyme was microsomal in origin. The order of activity was liver greater than heart greater than spleen greater than lung greater than kidney much greater than RBC (rat). This tissue distribution was quite different from previous studies using other thiol substrates and is consistent with more than one form of thiol methyltransferase enzyme in tissues.     

Ipsilateral turning behavior induced by unilateral microinjections of a cannabinoid into the rat subthalamic nucleus

The subthalamic nucleus contains cannabinoid receptors and cannabinoid receptor mRNA. However, the role of cannabinoid receptors in this nucleus has not been examined. In order to investigate the functional role of cannabinoid receptors in the rat subthalamic nucleus, turning activity was observed following unilateral microinjection of the synthetic cannabinoid CP 55,940. CP 55,940 (10 μg) induced ipsilateral turning. This effect was blocked by coadministration of the cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A (5 μg). These results suggest that cannabinoid receptors in the subthalamic nucleus mediate an inhibition of motor activity.     

Projections of the zona incerta in the cat, with stimulation controls.

In eight cats single electrolytic lesions were placed in the zona incerta, and resultant fiber degeneration studies were made. In seven additional cats, stimulating electrodes were chronically implanted bilaterally into the zona incerta, H₂ (lenticular fasciculus), or H (prerubral) fields of Forel. The animals were placed in a two-compartment shuttle box, and a routinely established procedure of subthalamic stimulation was instituted. When the sensory (nociceptive) or motor manifestations and reactions were established, small lesions were made through both poles of the electrodes. The brains were studied by silver techniques for degenerating axons and terminals. Findings in the latter group of animals with physiologic substrates, compared to those in the first group, indicated that the zona incerta contains at least two major physiologic-anatomic components with differential fiber projections. The first component is a medial zona incerta proper or caudalis, paleospinothalamic, nociceptive-conducting system which causes typical escape responses. Its unequivocal projections are to the nucleus of the H₁ field, posterior and dorsal hypothalamus, part of the intralaminar system, ventromedial and ventralis anterior nuclei, nucleus reuniens, reticular nucleus, pulvinar, posterior nucleus, central gray, red nucleus, and the central tegmental tract. The second constitutent concerns pyramidal-extrapyramidal motor type responses that arise with avoidance reactions from other portions of the zona incerta. In these cases there is heavy projection to the caudate, entopenduncular, globus pallidus, and putamen nuclei. In contrast, degeneration from the nociceptive part of the zona incerta or H₂ and H fields to these nuclei is minimal.     

Comparing and combining light dose fractionation and iron chelation to enhance experimental photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Enhancement of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been demonstrated experimentally using light dose fractionation or CP94 iron chelation. This study extends this research. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: In normal rat colon, CP94 administration and light dose fractionation were independently and concurrently employed to enhance ALA-PDT. In colonic rat tumors, the most successful enhancement regimes were employed separately. RESULTS: Independent use of light dose fractionation and iron chelation produced similar results in normal colon (2.4- and 2.9-fold more necrosis than controls, respectively). Using both techniques simultaneously produced fivefold enhancement. In the colonic tumors, light dose fractionation and iron chelation (using different parameters) produced two and five times the volume of necrosis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques significantly enhanced ALA-PDT in the normal and neoplastic tissues investigated and produced similar levels of enhancement when comparable parameters were employed. Concurrent use of light dose fractionation and iron chelation in normal colon produced considerably more enhancement than either technique could achieve independently.     

Cyclophosphamide cystitis. Studies aimed at its minimization.

Two types of approach were used in an effort to alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. which is due to acrolein liberated within the urinary tract. The more successful was the concurrent administration of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid an orally effective protecting agent. Replacement of cyclophosphamide with 6-methylcyclophosphamide, an effective anti-tumour drug which liberates the less toxic crotonaldehyde in place of acrolein, resulted in less bladder toxicity but it was not sufficiently advantageous to merit further study. 5-d₂-Cyclophosphamide, which on metabolism releases acrolein at less than 20 per cent of the rate of release from cyclophosphamide, was found to be much less toxic than the undeuterated form.