胸膜活检阳性率的主要相关因素

分析了92例胸膜活检资料,认为其阳性率与下述因素有关:疾病种类、病例选择、活检器械、取材方法及技术、重复检查、临床医师与病理医师的配合。     

Bone marrow fat content in relation to bone remodeling and serum chemistry in intact and ovariectomized dogs

Summary It was previously shown that 11 months after ovariectomy the volume fraction of trabecular bone in the spine and 11th rib medullary canal of Beagle dogs (6 control, 9 ovariectomized) was significantly reduced. In this paper it is shown that these changes are accompanied by increased marrow fat volume in the 11th rib (59.0±9.5% vs. 44.3 ±10.0%). Conversely, the volume fraction of functional (hematopoietic) cells in the marrow was reduced by ovariectomy. Additionally, variations in marrow fat volume were tested for correlation with 22 other variables pertinent to bone physiology. Marrow fat volume was significantly positively correlated with serum osteocalcin, rib trabecular bone porosity, rib cross-sectional area, and gains in body weight. It was negatively correlated with serum estrogen concentrations and the extent of rib trabecular surfaces labeled with tetracycline.     

Decreased trabecular bone mineral density in patients with phenylketonuria measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography

The bone mineral density (BMD) of 14 children, adolescents, and adults with phenylketonuria (PKU) on dietary treatment (age 5-28 y; 6F, 8M) was investigated using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the distal radius. BMD of total (TBMD) and spongy bone (SBMD) were compared to those of healthy gender-, age-, weight- and height-matched controls. We found a significant decrease of SBMD in patients with PKU while TBMD was only slightly decreased, reaching no statistical significance. These results indicate minor changes of BMD in patients with PKU under treatment, which are more accentuated in the trabecular bone compartment. One additional patient who was untreated until the pQCT investigation at the age of 10 y also showed markedly decreased SBMD and TBMD.     

胰RNA对离体瘤细胞的杀伤作用及其机制的探讨

在体外培养瘤细胞的实验中,胰RNA提取物对艾氏腹水瘤细胞及其他瘤细胞(S_(180),P_(88),H_(22))有杀伤作用。在胰RNA提取物中,对瘤细胞具有杀伤作用的活性物质不是性凝集素样多糖类物质或能透过半透膜的小分子化合物,而是具有二级结构的低分子RNA。     

顺铂对结直肠癌肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞杀伤活性的影响

为在临床选择有效的免疫化疗方案提供一定的理论依据，作者以结直肠癌肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（ＴＩＬ）和顺铂（ＣＤＤＰ）为研究对象，对１６名手术治疗的结直肠癌患者，分别观察ＣＤＤＰ体内注射及体外预处理ＴＩＬ和Ｒａｊｉ细胞对ＴＩＬ表面标志和杀伤活性的影响。流式细胞仪检测结果显示，静脉注射ＣＤＤＰ能增加结直肠癌ＴＩＬ中ＣＤ３＋／ＣＤ４＋和ＣＤ３＋／ＣＤ８＋细胞含量，同时增强ＴＩＬ体外杀伤Ｒａｊｉ细胞的活性；而体外以ＣＤＤＰ处理Ｒａｊｉ细胞能增强其对结直肠癌ＴＩＬ杀伤的敏感性。作者认为，对于联合应用ＴＩＬ和ＣＤＤＰ治疗结直肠癌的临床效果有必要进一步研究。     

BTA在膀胱癌诊断中的应用

为了探求对膀胱肿瘤诊断及术后复发监测的理想手段，从１９９５年９月～１９９６年６月，采用ＢＴＡ试剂检测方法对２０２例血尿患者及７１例膀胱肿瘤术后的患者进行了诊断检测，诊断膀胱癌的敏感度为９６％、特异度为８３％、准确度为８６％，２６例膀胱肿瘤患者中仅６例（２３％）尿脱落细胞阳性，正常对照均为阴性。认为ＢＴＡ试剂是一种快速、有效、无创性诊断膀胱肿瘤的方法。     

Liver lesion detection,characterization, and effect on patient management: Comparison of single-phase spiral CT and current MR techniques

This study compares liver lesion detection, characterization, and effect on patient management between single-phase spiral CT and MRI using spoiled gradient echo (SGE), T2-weighted fat-suppressed spin echo, and serial post gadolinium SGE. All patients with suspected liver lesions who underwent spiral CT and MRI within a 1-month period between January 1993 and September 1996 were included in the study. Spiral CT and MRI were interpreted prospectively in a blinded fashion by separate individual experienced investigators, and lesion detection and characterization were determined. Confirmation was obtained by surgery (6 patients), biopsy (18 patients), imaging follow-up (36 patients), or combined reading of all imaging studies and clinical follow-up (29 patients). Effect on patient management was determined by combined chart review and interview of the patients' physicians and by retrospective clinical assessment performed by a surgical oncologist and medical oncologist separately. Eighty-nine patients were included in the study. Regarding true positive lesion detection, 295 and 519 lesions were detected on spiral CT and MR images, respectively, which was significantly different on a patient-by-patient basis (P < .001). More lesions were detected on MR than on spiral CT in 44 of 89 patients (49.4%), and 11 of these 44 patients had lesions shown on MRI in whom no lesions were apparent on CT images. No patients had true positive lesions shown on spiral CT that were not shown on MRI. Regarding lesion characterization, 129 and 466 lesions were characterized on spiral CT and MRI images, respectively, which was significantly different on a patient-by-patient basis (P < .001). More lesions were characterized on MR than CT images in 67 patients (75.3%). Regarding effect on patient management, chart review with physician interview demonstrated that findings on MRI provided information that altered patient management as compared with findings on spiral CT in 57 patients. Retrospective clinical evaluation by the surgical and medical oncologist showed that MRI was considered to have a greater effect on patient management than spiral CT in 58 and 55 patients, respectively. Comparing current MRI technique to single-phase spiral CT, MRI detected more lesions in 49.4% and characterized more lesions in 75.3% of patients investigated for focal liver disease. MRI had a greater effect on patient management in each of the three methods than singlephase spiral CT in more than 61% of patients.